Committee Issue Chair E-mail : SPECIAL POLITICAL & DECOLONIZATION (GA4) : Facilitating orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people. : Hasan Efe Kaykı : efe.kayki@std.itugvo.k12.tr Introduction: Since the earliest times, humanity has been on the move. Some people move in search of labour or economic opportunities, to join family, or to study. Others move to escape conflict, persecution, terrorism, or human rights violations. Still others move in response to the adverse effects of climate change, natural disasters, or other environmental factors. 1 Key Terms: Migrant: A person who moves from one place to another, especially in order to find work or better living conditions. 2 IOM (International Organization for Migration) defines a migrant as any person who is moving or has moved across an international border or within a State away from his/her country, regardless of the person s legal status; whether the movement is voluntary or involuntary; what the causes for the movement are; or what the length of the stay is. 3 Regular migration: Migration that occurs through recognized, legal channels. 4 Facilitated migration: Fostering or encouraging regular migration for example through streamlined visa application process. 5 Assimilation: Adaptation of one ethnic or social group usually a minority to another. 1 Migration. 2 Migrant Definition of Migrant in English by Oxford Dictionaries. 3 Who Is a Migrant? 4 Laczko, 10.7 Well-Managed Migration. 5 Laczko.
Asylum seeker: A person who seeks safety from persecution or serious harm in a country other than his or her own and awaits a decision on the application for refugee status under relevant international and national instruments Brain gain: Immigration of trained and talented individuals into the destination country. Country of origin: The country that is a source of migratory flows (regular or irregular). Labour migration : Movement of persons from one State to another, or within their own country of residence, for the purpose of employment 6 General Overview Human migration is an age-old phenomenon that goes back to the earliest periods of human history. In the modern era immigration continue to provide States, societies and migrants with many opportunities. At the same time, migration has emerged in the last few years as a critical political and policy challenge in matters such as integration, displacement, safe migration and border management. In 2015, there were an estimated 244 million international migrants globally (3.3% of the world s population) an increase from an estimated 155 million people in 2000 (2.8% of the world s population). Internal migration is even more prevalent, with the most recent global estimate indicating that more than 740 million people had migrated within their own country of birth. 7 With these numbers every state needs to be careful about ensuring the safety of the migrants either migrating from or to that state. 6 Key Migration Terms. 7 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS - 2018 - WORLD MIGRATION REPORT 2018..Pdf.
In 2015 every 1 person from 30 was a migrant, from these people 52% was male and 48% is female. Also 72% of these people were at working age (20-6 years old). Since 1970 the USA was the main destination of the migrants, with Germany at the second and Russia at the third place.
India is at the top country who sends migrants abroad, with Mexico and Russia taking second and third places respectively.
Major Parties Involved: United States of America: The U.S. foreign-born population reached a record 43.7 million in 2016. Since 1965, when U.S. immigration laws replaced a national quota system, the number of immigrants living in the U.S. has more than quadrupled. Immigrants today account for 13.5% of the U.S. population, nearly triple the share (4.7%) in 1970. However, today s immigrant share remains below the record 14.8% share in 1890, when 9.2 million immigrants lived in the U.S. Most immigrants (76%) are in the country legally, while a quarter are unauthorized, according to new Pew Research Center estimates based on census data adjusted for undercount. In 2016, 45% were naturalized U.S. citizens. Not all lawful permanent residents choose to pursue U.S. citizenship. Those who wish to do so may apply after meeting certain requirements, including having lived in the U.S. for five years. Mexico is the top origin country of the U.S. immigrant population. In 2016, 11.6 million immigrants living in the U.S. were from there, accounting for 26% of all U.S. immigrants. The next largest origin groups were those from China (6%), India (6%), the Philippines (4%) and El Salvador (3%) 8 8 López, Bialik, and Radford, Key Findings about U.S. Immigrants.
Germany: Population...80,594,017 (July 2017 est.) Population growth rate...-0.16% (2017 est.) Birth rate...8.6 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) Death rate...11.7 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) Net migration rate...1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Ethnic groups...german 91.5%, Turkish 2.4%, other 6.1% (made up largely of Polish, Italian, Romanian, Syrian, and Greek) 9 Germany has emerged as one of the world s most preferred destinations for migrants. The Organization for Economic Cooper ation and Development (OECD) stated in 2017 that Germany remains no. 2 only to the USA as the most popular country for immigration. In none of the 35 OECD 9 Germany.
member states has migration risen as fast in recent years as in Germany. Many of them came seeking protection, above all wars and conflicts, e.g., in Syria and Iraq, led to many people fleeing their home countries and seeking shelter elsewhere. In 2016 the figure had dropped to about 1.7 million migrants, and has con tinued to fall since. The Federal Government champions reducing the causes of flight and irregular migration as well as actively structuring and controlling migration processes. This includes people with no prospect of residence in Germany returning to their countries of origin, and support for their reintegration there. In 2016 there were a total of some 10 million foreign passport holders living in Germany. 18.6 million people had a migrant background, including immigrants, foreigners born in Germany, and persons who had a parent who was either an immigrant or a foreigner. 10 Russia: Population...142,257,519 (July 2017 est.) Population growth rate...-0.08% (2017 est.) Birth rate...11 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) Death rate...13.5 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) Net migration rate...1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Ethnic groups*...russian 77.7%, Tatar 3.7%, Ukrainian 1.4%, Bashkir 1.1%, Chuvash 1%, Chechen 1%, other 10.2%, unspecified 3.9% * nearly 200 national and/or ethnic groups are represented in Russia's 2010 census (2010 est.) 11 According to UN Population Division estimates, as of 2013, the Russian Federation was second only to the United States in the sheer number of migrants. Russia is commonly thought of as a place to leave rather than a place to which to move. And while it s true that Russian citizens are emigrating in increasing numbers in recent years (a phenomenon that has been compared to the brain drain of the early 1990s), significantly larger flows of immigrants from the former Soviet Union have been entering 10 Structuring Immigration. 11 Russia.
Russia for the last twenty years. So, why are they coming? While Russia s economy has risen and fallen over the last two decades, an aging population and high mortality rates have kept the demand for labour steady and even growing in some cities. Many of the immigrants coming to Russia are able to earn much higher wages than they could in their home countries. While life for the average labour migrant in Russia is hard, to say the least, the conditions they leave behind are almost always much worse. If there are no jobs in your town in Uzbekistan or Kyrgyzstan (which are among the major sending countries according to both UN and Russian official statistics), trying your luck in Russia is likely your best option. While experiences differ widely, migrants I interviewed in cities across Russia ranging from Moscow to Irkutsk often noted the appreciably better standard of living than in their home countries. 12 Notes from the chair: As you know, or can reasonably guess by now; USA, Germany and Russia have a key role at this debate. Keep in mind that every delegate should do further research on their own countries in order to have a fruitful debate. 12 Malinkin, Russia.
Bibliography: Germany. migrationpolicy.org, January 19, 2014. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/countryresource/germany. Key Migration Terms. International Organization for Migration, January 14, 2015. https://www.iom.int/key-migration-terms. Laczko, Frank. 10.7 Well-Managed Migration, n.d., 15. López, Gustavo, Kristen Bialik, and Jynnah Radford. Key Findings about U.S. Immigrants. Pew Research Center (blog). Accessed February 22, 2019. http://www.pewresearch.org/facttank/2018/11/30/key-findings-about-u-s-immigrants/. Malinkin, Mary Elizabeth. Russia: The World s Second-Largest Immigration Haven. Text. The National Interest, August 10, 2014. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/russia-theworlds-second-largest-immigration-haven-11053. Migrant Definition of Migrant in English by Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford Dictionaries English. Accessed February 14, 2019. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/migrant. Migration, August 24, 2018. http://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/migration/index.html. Russia. migrationpolicy.org, January 21, 2014. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/countryresource/russian-federation. Structuring Immigration. Facts about Germany, August 9, 2018. https://www.tatsachen-ueberdeutschland.de/en/chapter/society/structuring-immigration. UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS - 2018 - WORLD MIGRATION REPORT 2018..Pdf. Accessed February 15, 2019. https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/wmr_2018_en.pdf. Who Is a Migrant? International Organization for Migration, March 18, 2016. https://www.iom.int/who-is-a-migrant.