Reading List Module code number: M13326 Title of module: Election Campaigns in the US and Beyond Number of credits: 20 Level: 3 Instructor: Dr. A. S. Walter Week 1: Power and Limits of Election Campaigns Druckman, J.N. (2004): Priming the Vote: Campaign Effects in a US Senate Election, Political Psychology, v. 25, n 4, pp. 577-594. Arceneaux, K. (2006): Do Campaigns Help Voters Learn? A Cross-National Analysis, British Journal of Political Science, v. 36, n. 1, pp. 159-173 4. Hillygus, D. S. and S. Jackman (2003): Voter Decision Making in Election 2000: Campaign Effects, Partisan Activation, and the Clinton Legacy, American Journal of Political Science, v.47, n. 4, pp. 583-596. Hansen, K M. and R. T. Pedersen (2014): Campaigns Matter: How Voters Become Knowledeable and Efficacious During Election Campaigns, Political Communication, v.31, pp. 303-324. Steven E. Finkel (1993): Reexamining the "Minimal Effects Model in Recent Presidential Campaigns, The Journal of Politics, v. 55, n. 1, pp. 1-21. Week 2: Changing Nature of Election Campaigns Gibson, R. and A. Römmele (2001): A Party- Centered Theory of Professionalized Campaigning, The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, v.6, n.4, pp. 31-43. Gibson, R, and Römmele (2009): Measuring the Professionalization of Political Campaigning, Party Politics, v. 15, n.3, pp.265-293. Baines, P. R. and J. Egan (2001): Marketing and Political Campaigning: Mutually Exclusive or Exclusively Mutual?, Qualitative Market Research, v. 4, n.1, pp. 25-33. Rayner, J. (2014): What About Winning? Looking into the Blind Spot of the Theory of Campaign Professionalization, Journal of Political Marketing, v. 13, n. 4, pp. 334-354. Downs, William M. (2012): There Goes the Neighbourhood? The Americanisation of Elections, with Evidence from Scotland s Parliament, Parliamentary Affairs, v. 65, n. 4, pp. 758-777. Paul Baines (2005): Marketing the Political Message, Journal of Political Marketing, v. 4, n.2-3, pp. 135-162
Week 3: Political Advertising and MicroTargeting Ridout, T. N., M. Franz, K. M. Goldstein and W. J. Feltus (2012): Separation by Television Program: Understanding the Targeting of Political Advertising in Presidential Elections, Political Communication, v. 29, n. 1, pp. 1-23. Hersch, E. D. and B. D. Schaffner (2013): Targeted Campaign Appeals and the Value of Ambiguity, The Journal of Politics, v. 75, n. 2, pp. 520-534. Gimpel, J., K. Kaufmann, S. Pearson Merkowitz (2007): Battleground States versus Blackout States: The Behavioral Implications of Modern Presidential Campaigns, The Journal of Politics, v. 69, n. 3, pp. 786-797 Elder, E. and J. B. Philips (2017): Appeals to the Hispanic Demographic: Targeting through Facebook Autoplay Videos by the Clinton Campaign during the 2015/2016 Presidential Advertising Primaries, Journal of Political Marketing, DOI: 10.1080/15377857.2017.1345841 Ostfeld, M. (2017): Unity Versus Uniformity: Effects of Targeted Advertising on Perceptions of Group Politics, Political Communication, DOI: 10.1080/10584609.2017.1288183 Week 4: Issue Marketing Petrocik, J. R., W. L. Benoit and G. J. Hansen (2003): Issue Ownership and Presidential Campaigning, 1951-2000, Political Science Quarterly, v. 118, n. 4, pp. 599-526. Sigelman, L, and E. H. Buell (2004): Avoidance or Engagement? Issue Convergence in US Presidential Campaigns, 1960-2000, American Journal of Political Science, v. 48, n. 4, pp. 650-661. Waldman, P. and K. H. Jamieson (2003): Rhetorical Convergence and Issue Knowledge in the 2000 Presidential Election, Presidential Studies Quarterly, n. 33, v. 1, pp. 145-163. Hillygus, D. S. and T. G. Shields (2005): Moral Issues and Voter Decision Making in the 2004 Presidential Election, PS: Perspectives on Politics, v. 38, n. 2, pp. 201-209. Lipsitz, K. (2013): Issue Convergence is Nothing More than Issue Convergence, Political Research Quarterly, v. 66, n. 4, pp. 843 855. Kleinnijenhuis, J. and A. S. Walter (2014): News, Discussion and Associative Issue Ownership: Instability at the Micro Level versus Stability at the Macro Level, Harvard International Journal Press, v. 19, n. 2, pp. 226-245. Buttice, M. K. and C. Milazzo (2011): Candidate Positioning in Britain, Electoral Studies, v. 30, pp. 848-857. Week 5: Campaign Strategy: Appealing to Emotions Jerit, J. (2004): Survival of the Fittest: Rhetoric during the Course of an Election Campaign, Political Psychology, v. 25, n. 4, pp. 563-575. Brader, T. (2005): Striking a Responsive Chord: How Political Ads Motivate and Persuade Voters by Appealing to Emotions, Journal of Political Science, v. 49, n. 2: 388-405.
Ridout, T. N. and K. Searles (2011): It's My Campaign I'll Cry if I Want to: How and When Campaigns Use Emotional Appeals, Political Psychology, v. 32, n. 3, pp. 439-458. Redlawsk, D. P., Tolbert, C. J. and W. Franko (2010): Voters, Emotions, and Race in 2008: Obama as the First Black President, Political Research Quarterly, v. 63, n. 4, pp. 875-889. Kühne, R, C. Schemer, J. Matthes and W. Wirth (2011): Affective Priming in Political Campaigns: How Campaign-Induced Emotions Prime Political Opinions, International Journal of Public Opinion Research, v. 23, n.4, pp.485-507. Week 6: Attacking the Opponent Lau, R. R., L. Sigelman and I. B. Rovner (2007): The Effects of Negative Political Campaigns: A Meta-Analytic Reassessment, Journal of Politics, v. 69, pp. 1167-1209. Lau, R. R., Andersen, D. J., T. M. Ditonto, M.S. Kleinberg and D. P. Redlawsk (2017): Effect of Media Environment Diversity and Advertising Tone on Information Search, Selective Exposure, and Affective Polarization, Political Communication, v. 39, pp. 231-255. Gross, J. H. and K. T. Johnson (2015): Twitter Taunts and Tirades: Negative Campaigning in the Age of Trump, Elections in Focus, v.49, n. 4, pp. 748-754. Auter, Z. J. and J. A. Fine (2016): Negative Campaigning in the Social Media Age: Attack Advertising on Facebook, Political Behavior, v. 38, pp. 999-1020. Walter, A. S., W. van der Brug and P. van Praag (2014): When the Stakes are High: Party Competition and Negative Campaigning, Comparative Political Studies, v. 47, n. 4, pp. 550-573 Sarah Sobieraj and Jeffrey M. Berry (2011): From Incivility to Outrage: Political Discourse in Blogs, Talk Radio, and Cable News, Political Communication, v. 28, n.1, pp. 19-41, Week 7: (Mis) information and Social Media Hochschild, J. L. and K. L. Einstein (2015): Do Facts Matter? Information and Misinformation in American Politics, Political Science Quarterly, v.130, n. 4, pp. 585-624. Nyhan, B. and J. Reif (2010): When Corrections Fail: The Persistence of Political Misperception, Political Behaviour, v. 32, pp. 303-330 Westen, D., Pavlov, P.S., Harenski, K., Kilts, C. and S. Hamann et al. (2006): Neural Bases of Motivated Reasoning: An fmri Study of Emotional Constraints on Partisan Political Judgment in the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, v.18, n. 11, pp. 1947-1958. Shin, J. and L. Jian, K. Driscoll and F. Bar (2016): Political rumoring on Twitter during the 2012 US presidential election: Rumor diffusion and correction, New Media & Society, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448166340541-22. Iyengar, S. and K. S. Hahn (2009): Red media, blue media: Evidence of ideological selectivity in media use, Journal of Communication, v. 59, pp. 19-39.
Week 8: Women Running For Office Hayes, D. and J. L. Lawless (2015): A Non-Gendered Lens? Media, Voters, and Female Candidates in Contemporary Congressional Elections, Perspectives on Politics, v. 13, n. 1, pp. 95-118. Herrnson, P. S., Lay, J. C. and A. K. Stokes (2003): Women Running as Women : Candidate Gender, Campaign Issues, and Voter-Targeting Strategies, The Journal of Politics, v. 65, n. 1, pp. 244-255. Lawless, J. L. (2009): Sexism and Gender Bias in Election 2008: A More Complex Path for Women in Politics, Politics & Gender, v. 5, n.1, pp. 70-81. Carlin, D. B and K. L. Winfrey (2009): Have You Come a Long Way, Baby? Hillary Clinton, Sarah Palin, and Sexism in 2008 Campaign Coverage Journal Communication Studies, v. 60, n.4, pp. 326-343. Lee, Y. and Y. Lim (2016): Gendered campaign tweets: The cases of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, Public Relations Review, v. 42, pp. 849 855. Week 9: Election News Coverage Lawrence, R. G. and A. E. Boydstun (2017): What We Should Really Be Asking About Media Attention to Trump, Political Communication, v. 32, n. 1, pp. 150-153. Dunaway, J. (2008): Markets, Ownership and the Quality of Campaign News Coverage, The Journal of Politics, v. 70, n. 4, pp. 1193-1202 Druckman, J. N. and M. Parkin (2005): The Impact of Media Bias: How Editorial Slant Affects Voters, The Journal of Politics, v. 67, n. 4, pp. 1030-1049 Wells, C. Shah, D. V., Pevehouse, J.C., Yang, J., Pelled, A., Boehm, F., Lukito, J., Ghosh, S. and J. L. Schmidt (2016): How Trump Drove Coverage to the Nomination: Hybrid Media Campaigning, Political Communication, v. 33, n. 4, pp. 669-676. Iyengar, S., H. Norpoth and K. S. Hahn (2004): Consumer Demand for Election News: The Horserace Sells, The Journal of Politics, v. 66, n. 1, pp. 157-175. Dillipane, S. (2004): Activation, Conversion or Reinforcement? The Impact of Partisan News Exposure on Vote Choice, American Journal of Political Science, v. 58, n. 1, pp. 79-94. Week 10: Televised Election Debates Turcotte, J. (2015): The News Norms and Values of Presidential Debate Agendas: An Analysis of Format and Moderator Influence on Question Content,2 Mass Communication and Society, v. 18, n. 3, pp. 239-258. Eran N. Ben-Porath (2007): Question Bias and Violations of Comparability in Intraparty Debates: Iowa and New Hampshire, 2004, Communication Quarterly, v. 55, n.4,
pp. 375-396. Brubaker, J. and G. Hanson (2009): The Effect of Fox News and CNN's Postdebate Commentator Analysis on Viewers' Perceptions of Presidential Candidate Performance, Southern Communication Journal, v. 74, n. 4, pp. 339-351, Stewart, P. A, A. D. Eubanks and J. Miller (2016): Please Clap : Applause, Laughter, and Booing during the 2016 GOP Presidential Primary Debates, PS: Political Science & Politics, v. 49, n. 1, pp. 696-700. Gottfried, J., B. W. Hardy, K. M. Winneg, K. H. Jamieson (2014): All Knowledge Is Not Created Equal: Knowledge Effects and the 2012 Presidential Debates, Presidential Studies Quarterly, 44, n. 3, pp. 389-409. Boydstun, A. E., R. A. Glazier and M. T. Pietryka (2013): Playing to the Crowd: Agenda Control in Presidential Debates, Political Communication, v. 30, n. 2, pp. 254-277, DOI: 10.1080/10584609.2012.737423 Van der Meer, T., A. S. Walter and P. van Aelst (2015): How Election Debates Influence Voters Ability and Accuracy to Position Parties in the 2010 Dutch Election Campaign, Political Communication, v. 33, n. 1, pp. 136-157. Week 11: Visual Framing Bucy, Erik P and M. E. Grabe (2007): Taking Television Seriously: A Sound and Image Bite Analysis of Presidential Campaign Coverage, Journal of Communication, v. 57, n. 4, pp. 652-657. Barret, A.W. P and L. W. Barrington (2005): Bias in Newspaper Photograph Selection, Political Research Quarterly, v. 58, n. 4, pp. 609-618. Lego Munoz, C. and T. L. Towner (2017): The Image is the Message: Instagram Marketing and the 2016 Primary Season, Journal of Political Marketing, DOI: 10.1080/15377857.2017.1334254 Kalmoe, N. P. and K. Gross (2016): Cueing Patriotism, Prejudice, and Partisanship in the Age of Obama: Experimental Tests of U.S. Flag Imagery Effects in Presidential Elections2, Political Psychology, v. 37, n. 6, pp. 883-889. Edwards, J. L. (2012): Visual Literacy and Visual Politics: Photojournalism and the 2004 Presidential Debates, Communication Quarterly, v. 60, n. 5, pp. 681-697.