Capital Punishment and the Judicial Process

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Capital Punishment and the Judicial Process Third Edition 2009-2010 Supplement Randall Coyne University of Oklahoma College of Law Lyn Entzeroth University of Tulsa College of Law Carolina Academic Press Durham, North Carolina

Copyright 2009 Randall Coyne Lyn Entzeroth All Rights Reserved ISBN 978-1-59460-793-6 Carolina Academic Press 700 Kent Street Durham, NC 27701 Phone 919-489-7486 Fax 919-493-5668 www.cap-press.com

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 THE GREAT DEBATE OVER CAPITAL PUNISHMENT F. Other Issues in the Death Penalty Debate... 1 1. Risk of Executing the Innocent... 1 Note on Kansas v. Marsh, 548 U.S. 163 (2006)... 1 Kansas v. Marsh, 548 U.S. 163 (2006)... 1 Note on House v. Bell, 547 U.S. 518 (2006)... 4 House v. Bell, 547 U.S. 518 (2006)... 4 Notes... 12 Note on Post-Conviction Access to DNA Evidence: District Attorney s Office v. Osborne, 129 S.Ct. 2308 (2009)... 13 District Attorney s Office v. Osborne, 129 S.Ct. 2308 (2009)... 13 CHAPTER 2 PROHIBITION AGAINST CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT B. Proportionality as a Limitation on Punishment... 19 Kennedy v. Louisiana, 128 S.Ct. 2641 (2008)... 19 E. Modern Methods of Execution... 33 6. Lethal Injection... 33 Hill v. McDonough, 547 U.S. 573 (2006)... 34 Baze v. Rees, 128 S.Ct. 1520 (2008)... 39 Note on Baze v. Rees... 62 F. Death Penalty Jurisdictions and Racial Characteristics of Death Row Populations... 64 NAACP Legal Defense Fund Statistics... 65 i

Distribution of Executions Throughout the Country Since 1976... 66 CHAPTER 3 EARLYCONSTITUTIONAL C H A L L E N G E S PENALTY T O T H E D E A T H D. Summary of the 1976 Supreme Court Cases... 67 Note on Justice John Paul Stevens' Death Penalty Conversion... 67 Baze v. Rees, 128 S.Ct. 1520 (2008)... 67 CHAPTER 4 RACE, GENDER AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION B. The Effects of Race... 75 NAACP Legal Defense Fund Statistics... 75 C. The Effects of Gender... 76 NAACP Legal Defense Fund Statistics... 76 CHAPTER 5 CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITATIONS ON DEATH ELIGIBILITY C. Insanity... 77 Panetti v. Quarterman, 551 U.S. 930 (2007)... 77 D. Mental Retardation... 89 CHAPTER 6 SELECTING THE CAPITAL JURY B. Death Qualification... 91 Note on Uttecht v. Brown, 551 U.S. 1 (2007)... 91 E. Race-Based Peremptory Challenges... 91 Snyder v. Louisiana, 128 S.Ct. 1203 (2008)... 92 ii

CHAPTER 8 THE ROLE OF MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES A. General Principles of Mitigation... 99 8. The Requirement that Jurors Give Effect to Mitigating Evidence... 99 Smith v. Texas, 550 U.S. 297 (2007)... 99 Note on Abdul-Kabir v. Quarterman, 550 U.S. 233 (2007)... 100 Abdul-Kabir v. Quarterman, 550 U.S. 233 (2007)... 101 Note on Brewer v. Quarterman, 550 U.S. 286 (2007)... 105 B. Balancing Aggravating and Mitigating Circumstances... 106 4. Aggravating and Mitigating Circumstances in Equipoise... 106 Kansas v. Marsh, 548 U.S. 163 (2006)... 106 CHAPTER 9 THE SENTENCING PHASE OF CAPITAL TRIALS D. The Truly Awesome Responsibility of Capital Jurors... 115 Note on Ayers v. Belmontes, 549 U.S. 7 (2006)... 115 E. Closing Arguments and Fundamental Fairness... 115 Carey v. Musladin, 549 U.S. 70 (2006)... 115 Note on Cone v. Bell... 117 Cone v. Bell, 129 S.Ct. 1769 (2009)... 117 Note on Civil Redress for Prosecutorial Misconduct... 120 CHAPTER 12 STAYS OF EXECUTION AND STATE POST-CONVICTION RELIEF PROCEEDINGS A. Stays of Execution... 121 Emmett v. Kelly, 128 S.Ct. 1 (2007)... 121 iii

CHAPTER 13 INTRODUCTION TO FEDERAL HABEAS CORPUS REVIEW A. Historical Overview... 123 Note on Availability of Habeas Relief for Guantanamo Detainees... 123 C. The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996... 124 Lawrence v. Florida, 549 U.S. 327 (2007)... 125 Note on Roper v. Weaver, 550 U.S. 598 (2007)... 131 D. Other Limitations on Federal Habeas Review... 131 Note on Fry v. Plilier, 551 U.S. 112 (2007).... 131 CHAPTER 14 STATE BARRIERS TO FEDERAL HABEAS REVIEW A. Exhaustion of State Remedies... 133 Allen v. Siebert, 552 U.S. 3 (2007)... 133 Cone v. Bell, 129 S.Ct. 1769 (2009)... 136 I. Evidentiary Hearing under the AEDPA - Section 2254(e)... 143 Schriro v. Landrigan, 550 U.S. 465 (2007)... 143 CHAPTER 15 RETROACTIVITY Note on Danforth v. Minnesota, 128 S.Ct. 1029 (2008)... 155 Note on Whorton v. Bockting, 549 U.S. 406 (2007)... 156 CHAPTER 17 SUCCESSIVE HABEAS CORPUS PETITIONS, ABUSE OF THE WRIT, AND CLEMENCY Harrison v. Bell, 129 S.Ct. 1481 (2009)... 157 iv

CHAPTER 19 INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THE DEATH PENALTY B. Selected Cases... 159 Sanchez-Llamas v. Oregon, 548 U.S. 331 (2006)... 159 Medellin v. Texas, 128 S.Ct. 1346 (2008)... 171 Note... 176 SELECTED STATUTES... 177 PART I. FEDERAL HABEAS CORPUS... 177 A. Federal Habeas Corpus Statutes as Amended by the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996... 177 B. Special Habeas Corpus Procedures in Capital Cases... 187 C. Federal Habeas Corpus Statutes Prior to the 1996 Amendments... 192 PART II. ANTI-DRUG ABUSE ACT OF 1988... 201 PART III. FEDERAL DEATH PENALTY ACT OF 1994... 203 v

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