Unit VII Study Guide- American Imperialism 1. List the ideas that fueled American Imperialism. 2. How were yellow journalists able to influence Americans opinions on foreign policy? 3. The person who urged the government to build up its naval power was 4. Which treaty ended the Spanish American War? 5. Why did Theodore Roosevelt win the Nobel Peace Prize? 6. What was the de Lôme letter? 7. What was the Boxer Rebellion? 8. Who was affected by the Foraker Act? 9. What was the Open Door Notes and who wrote it? 10. The Treaty of Paris in 1898 gave independence for which country? 11. Who is Liliuokalani? 12. Which President formally recognized the Republic of Hawaii? 13. Who proclaimed Hawaii as an American territory? 14. Who were the Rough Riders? 15. What is the Platt Amendment? 16. What is the Roosevelt Corollary? 17. What is the Panama Canal? 18. What is Dollar Diplomacy? 19. What is Yellow Journalism? 20. What is a protectorate? 21. What is Social Darwinism? 1. William McKinley 2. Grover Cleveland 3. Alfred T. Mahan 4. Liliuokalani 5. John Hay 6. George Dewey 7. Theodore Roosevelt People Writing Prompt (Due a week after the test) Historians and Political Scientists debate on whether or not America is an empire. Based on what you have learned from this Chapter construct a 5 paragraph essay with your stance on the debate. Be sure to use evidence and cite your evidence. Example: America is an empire (Notes Chap 10 Sec 1)
Topic/Objective: Students will be able to 1. understand how individuals and events moved the United States into the role of a world power Name: Class / Period: Date: Essential Question: Explain the economic and cultural factors that fueled the growth of American imperialism? Imperialism and America (10.1) Americans had always sought to expand the size of their nation By 1880s, many American leaders had become convinced that the US should join the imperialist powers of Europe and establish colonies overseas Imperialism: the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories Europe had been establishing colonies for centuries Africa was a prime target (only two countries Ethiopia and Liberia - were independent) Competed in Asia (China) Imperialism grew on most Americans (Manifest Destiny) Three Factors Fueled American Imperialism: 1. desire for military strength 2. wanting new markets 3. belief in cultural superiority
Military expansion of European powers led U.S. do the same Admiral Alfred T. Mahan urged government to build up its naval power U.S. built 9 steel-hulled cruisers between 1883 and 1890 3rd largest naval power in the world overproduction in the U.S. led to the view that factories needed raw materials surplus U.S. products needed to be sold in new markets Imperialists thought it was a solution to unemployment / depression cultural factors also were used to justify imperialism Three Factors: 1. Social Darwinism philosophy survival of the fittest 2. belief in the racial and cultural superiority of Anglo-Saxons 3. U.S. had a responsibility to expand and spread Christianity and civilization to the world s inferior people Alaska William Seward Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln and Andrew h Johnson 1867 - U.S. bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million (2 cents an acre) some thought it was silly Seward s Folly 1959 Alaska became a state
Protectorate: a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power Protectorate in 1849 military naval base at Pearl Harbor in 1887 kingdoms best port businesses organized a revolution against Queen Liliuokalani she proposed removing property requirements from voting Marines helped overthrow the Queen President Cleveland refused to consider annexation - had unsuccessfully ordered her throne restored McKinley takes over and favors annexation of Hawaii (1898) 1959 Hawaii becomes the 50th state
American Empire Guided Reading Chapter Ten Section Two - The Spanish-American War I. Cubans Rebel Against Spain 1. By the end of the 19 th century, Spain - - had lost most of its colonies. 2. The United States had long held an interest in where American capitalists began investing millions of dollars in. 3. launched a revolution in 1895. Many business people wanted the government to support Spain in order to protect their. II. War Fever Escalates 1. In 1896, Spain responded to the Cuban revolt by sending in to restore order. 2. Weyler s actions fueled a war over. 3. >> had been trying to lure and enrage readers by writing exaggerated news that talked about the brutality (poisoned wells / children being thrown to the sharks). 4. sympathy deepened for the rebels. 5. are able to influence American s opinions on foreign policy by presenting an exaggerated version of the truth in order to manipulate the emotions of their readers. 6. >> The angered the American public because of its criticism of President McKinley ( weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd ). 7. >> On February 15, 1898,, which led McKinley to ask Congress to declare war. III. War with Spain Erupts 1. On April 20 th, the United States declared war on. 2. The battle took place in a Spanish colony on the other side of the world -. 3. destroyed the Spanish fleet at Manila within hours of attack; showed superiority of the Navy. 4. The war in the Caribbean began with a. 5. The navy was strong; the had a small professional force (more volunteers). 6. The army lacked supplies and good leaders; - who had a tendency to spend their time recalling their experiences instead of training the volunteers. 7. Despite these handicaps, American forces landed in in June 1898. 8. Rough Riders were a 9. In July, the battle of was won with help from two African American Regiments. 10. The United States invaded on July 25 th. 11. >> In 1898, a cease-fire agreement called the was created; it ended the fifteen weeks of fighting and the. 12. At the peace talks: a. b. turned over the islands of in the Pacific and in the West Indies to the. c. Spain also sold the to the United States for dollars. Essential Question: Describe the terms of the Treaty of Paris.
Topic/Objective: Students will be able to 1. understand how individuals and events moved the United States into the role of a world power Name: Class / Period: Date: Essential Question: Do you think that the Open Door notes policy was beneficial to the United States? Justify your answer. Acquiring New Lands (10.3) Puerto Rico (1898 1916) not all Puerto Ricans wanted independence - some wanted statehood or American territory strategically important for maintaining a presence in the Caribbean and protecting a future canal across the Isthmus of Panama 1900 Congress passed the Foraker Act Foraker Act: the U.S. ended military rule in Puerto Rico and set up a civil government Cuba 1898 1903 when the U.S. declared war against Spain in 1898, it recognized Cuba s independence from Spain Teller Amendment: no intention of taking over any part of Cuba Treaty of Paris gave independence still occupied by troops after the war in early 1900, the newly formed Cuban government wrote a constitution for the independent Cuba constitution did not specify the relationship between Cuba and the United States
Cuba 1898 1903 (continued) Platt Amendment: specified Cuba American relationship U.S. would not take out troops until the Platt Amendment was adopted Cuba became a U.S. protectorate (similar to that of a colony) remember a Protectorate is a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power The Philippines 1898-1945 Philippines outraged at the Treaty of Paris - thought U.S. promised independence February 1899 Filipinos revolted led by Emilio Aguinaldo and used guerrilla tactics U.S. took on role the Spanish had - forced Filipinos to live in designated zones where poor sanitation, starvation, and disease killed thousands U.S. used the very same practice that Americans had condemned Spain for using in Cuba took Americans nearly three years to put down the rebellion after putting down the rebellion, a government similar to Puerto Rico was established became an independent republic on July 4th, 1946 China Open Door Policy (1900) U.S. imperialists saw the Philippines as a gateway to the rest of Asia concerned that China would be carved into colonies = shut out of American traders
China Open Door Policy (continued) U.S. Secretary of State (John Hay) issued a series of policy statements in 1899 Open Door messages sent to Germany, Russia, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan proposing countries share trading rights no one would have a monopoly on any one part of China (Open Door Policy) resentment of European dominance in China s large cities Chinese formed secret societies pledged to rid country of foreign devils Boxer Rebellion: rebellion in which members of a Chinese secret society sought to free their country from Western influence Boxers killed hundreds of missionaries and other foreigners, as well as Chinese converts to Christianity after the Boxer Rebellion, the United States feared that European nations would use their victory to take even greater control of China John Hay issued a second series of Open Door Notes U.S. would safeguard for the world the principle of equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire open door for more American influence in Asia
Three American Beliefs U.S. Industrial Capitalist Economy 1. growth of U.S. economy depended on exports 2. U.S. had the right to intervene abroad to keep foreign markets open 3. feared that closing of an area to American products, citizens, or ideas threatened U.S. survival
Topic/Objective: Students will be able to 1. understand how individuals and events moved the United States into the role of a world power Name: Class / Period: Date: Essential Question: Which president - Roosevelt or Wilson - had the best diplomacy policy? Justify your answer. Hint: Roosevelt = "big stick" (Europe stay out of Americas affairs) or Wilson = "missionary diplomacy" (Latin America set up democracies). America as a World Power (10.4) Roosevelt became President in 1901 when William McKinley was assassinated Roosevelts wants to stop imperial powers from controlling the world s political and economic destiny built on the Open Door notes increase American influence in East Asia by mediating a settlement between Russia and Japan Russo Japanese War Russia and Japan were imperialist powers competing for control of Korea Japan won a series of battles (running low on men and money) Japan asked Theodore Roosevelt to mediate negotiations Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for his successful efforts in negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth U.S. and Japanese interests expanded in East Asia Panama Canal many Americans felt that the United States needed a canal cutting across Central America shortcut needed between Atlantic and Pacific to reduce travel time for commercial and military ships
Panama Canal (continued) Columbia ruled Panama (negotiations failed) Panama rebellion organized against Columbia 1903 U.S. warships present as Panama declared independence United States pays $10 million plus $250,000 per year construction ranks as one of the world s greatest engineering feats disease yellow fever and malaria 5,600 dead dangerous working conditions cost $ 380,000,000 opened in 1914 damage to U.S. Latin American relations due to American support of the rebellion in Panama Congress ended up paying Columbia $25 million for compensation of lost territory financial factors drew the US further into Latin-American affairs many Latin American countries borrowed money from European banks railroads / develop industry Roosevelt did not want them to get involved if they could not pay reminded them of the 1823 Monroe Doctrine demanded European countries stay out of the affairs of Latin American nations Roosevelt Corollary: extension of the Monroe Doctrine claims the right to protect its economic interest by means of military intervention
Dollar Diplomacy exercised police power several times in the 1910 s William Taft followed policy of guaranteeing loans made to other countries by American businesses people Dollar Diplomacy: the U.S. power of using the nation s economic power to exert influence over other countries used to justify keeping Europe out of the Caribbean Wilson s Missionary Diplomacy gave Monroe Doctrine a moral tone moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to the U.S. pressured the Western Hemisphere to establish democracies Foreign Policy Achievements (early 20th century) 1. Expanded access to overseas markets (continue to grow the economy) 2. Built a modern navy to protect interests 3. Exercised international police power to dominate Latin America