Guided Reading & Analysis: Voting and Voting Behavior - Chapter 12, pp 424-451 Purpose: This guide is not only a place to record notes as you read but also to provide a place and structure for reflections and analysis using your noggin (thinking skills) with new knowledge gained from the reading. Mastery of the course and AP exam await all who choose to process the information as they read/receive. Directions: 1. Pre-Read: Read the prompts/questions within this guide before you read the chapter. 2. Skim: Flip through the chapter and note titles and subtitles. Look at images and read captions. Get a feel for the content you are about to read. 3. Read/Analyze: Read the chapter. Remember, the goal is not to fish for a specific answer(s) to reading guide questions, but to consider questions in order to critically understand what you read! 4. Write: Write your notes and analysis in the spaces. Enduring Understandings (EU s): Political Participation: MPA-3: Factors associated with political ideology, efficacy, structural barriers, and demographics influence the nature and degree of political participation. PMI-5: Political parties, interest groups, and social movements provide opportunities for participation and influence how people relate to government and policymakers. PRD-2: The impact of federal policies on campaigning and electoral rules continues to be contested by both sides of the political spectrum. PRD-3: The various forms of media provide citizens with political information and influence the ways in which they participate politically. Essential Question: How are voting rights protected and how have voting procedures been altered to respond to challenges? Page 424. Define Linkage Institutions. How do elections serve as a way to link citizens? What do interest groups and the media do to serve as a linking institution? Page 425. Define suffrage. Define franchise. 1
In November 2016, how many people voted? Define voting-eligible population. Redefining We the People. Page 425-431. Define electorate. Copy big idea. Why did the Framers endorse the elite model of democracy? What is the 17th amendment? How did state governments block voting originally? How was suffrage expanded around the time of President Jackson? 2
Copy the box on page 427. 15th Amendment 1870 19th Amendment 1920 23rd Amendment 1961 24th Amendment 1964 26th Amendment 1971 Under what conditions did the 15th amendment pass and how did Jim Crow laws begin to circumvent the 15th amendment? Define literacy test. Define poll tax. Define grandfather clause. 3
Were these state or federal loopholes and how did they disenfranchise African American voters? Were these loopholes constitutional? Explain. Define white primary. Summarize Guinn v. United States and Smith v. Allwright. What was the purpose of the 1957 Civil Rights Act? How did the 1964 Civil Rights Act address voting issues? Why was the 1965 Voting Rights Act the most effective bill to bring blacks into the political process? Define preclearance. By 1967, how much did black voter registration increase? Why did it take until the passage of the 23rd amendment for D.C. to receive electors? What was the original voting age and why was it lowered to 18? 4
Voting and Non Voting. Pg. 431-433. Define voter turnout. Why did voter turnout decline in the 1970s? What is the difference between voting-eligible population and voting-age population? Why does turnout vary based on the type of election? How do logistical factors interfere with people voting? Define voting apathy. Define political efficacy. Why do people not feel the need to participate in voting? If we had an election and everyone showed up, would it change the outcome of the election? Using the chart on page 433, which countries lead in voter turnout? Which countries have the lowest turnout? What are the different reasons why turnout would be high or low? 5
Demographics. Pp. 433-437. Copy big idea: Define voting blocks. Who in society is most likely going to vote in higher numbers, according to the book? Define gender gap. Why do women tend to vote more with the Democrats than with the Republicans? What are some issues that contribute to this? What is the difference between married female voters and unmarried female voters in terms of how they vote? What are some reason why young voters have the lowest turnout? Why do senior citizens vote in reliably higher numbers? What issues tend to bring African Americans to the polls? What was unique about the voter turnout between whites and blacks in 2012? 6
Who is the fastest growing minority in the United States and where do they reside? What issue is driving a wedge between Hispanic voters and lawmakers? How do Asian Americans tend to vote? What issues are important to Evangelicals and how do the issues influence their voting? Historically, how have Catholics voted? How does that compare with how they vote today? What does it mean Cafeteria Catholic? What issues are important to Jews and how do the issues influence their voting? Why does the business community tend to embrace the conservative political philosophy? Why do labor unions typically vote democratic? Voting Models. Pp. 438-440. Define rational-choice voting. Summarize the example provided in the book of people voting against their self-interests to support larger issues. 7
Define retrospective voting. Define prospective voting. Define party-line voting. What does it mean to run a candidate-centered campaign? How does a candidate s character come in to play with voting? How can the most important political issue of the day change a person s party identification when voting? Government Policies and Voter Participation. Pp. 440-445. What is the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) in 1993? What is also known as (very important)? How has the Motor Voter Law increased the number of eligible citizens who register to vote? What is the federal response to the 2000 election? https://youtu.be/suvabpngsuc (brain break- SNL 2000 Election) 8
What are some measures used to prevent voter fraud? What is a hanging chad? Define voter registration. What are the requirements to register to vote? How may a criminal record affect one s voting rights? How did Florida change this in the 2018 election? What are a few ways that citizens can register to vote? What is the Australian Ballot? What is a provisional ballot and why might someone need to use it? What is an absentee ballot? What is early voting? Does automatic registration to vote increase or decrease participation? 9
Should we be able to vote online? Use evidence to support your opinion. How many states require some form of identification to vote? What are some acceptable forms of ID (depending on the state)? How can a voter ID law be a barrier to voting? Why might long lines at the polls be a mechanism for voter suppression? Reflection of Essential Question How are voting rights protected and how have voting procedures been altered to respond to challenges? Protection for Voting Rights Responses to Challenges 10