World History Alpha Lenze 2013-14 Final Exam Study Guide Answer the questions as best you can include Who, What, When, Where, Why, How and So What. 1. What was a result of the Treaty of Verdun in 843? Chas heirs split up the empire 2. Why was Feudalism developed? To protect themselves 3. Why did Roman Pope Urban II rally Christians to help Byzantine Emperor Alexius I At the Council of Clermont in 1095? to drive the Muslim Turks from the Holy Land 4. What was one effect of the Black Death? There were large increases in wages and prices throughout Europe 5. Why did King John sign the Magna Carta in England in 1215? to appease rebellious nobles angered over his abuse of power. 6. What was one result of the Hundred Years War?? French kings were able to expand their power. 7. What issue was the cause of a bitter battle between eastern and western Christianity? A Byzantine emperor banned religious icons 8. How did Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible laws effect the serfs? tied Russian serfs to the land. 9. Islam was introduced to some areas of the Balkans in the 1300s by whom? Ottomans. 10. Muslims believe the sacred word of God as revealed to Muhammad is contained in what book? Quran. 11. In 1453, after defeating the Byzantines, the Ottomans moved their capital to what city? Constantinople. 12. When camels were brought to Africa from Asia, trade increased across what major land form? Sahara.
13. Why were West African merchants were willing to pay a high price for salt? Because it was scarce in West Africa. 14. How did early Ming rulers attempt to control the actions of their own government? A board of censors watched over the bureaucracy. 15. Describes the role of the emperor in Japanese feudal society? He was a powerless, though revered, figurehead. 16. Why was Sir Thomas More executed because he would not accept Henry VIII as head of the Church in England 17. The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa were the work of what great artist Leonardo da Vinci. 18. What triggered the events that resulted in the formation of the Church of England? Henry VIII wanted a divorce. 19. What changes did the Catholic Church make during the Catholic Reformation? It provided penalties for corruption among the clergy. 20. In the scientific method, what is an hypothesis? possible explanation to be tested. 21. How did Martin Luther react when peasant rebels took up his banner as a means of bringing about social change in Germany? He denounced the peasants, and the rebellion was suppressed. 22. The Line of Demarcation divided world trade and exploration rights between what two nations? Spain and Portugal 23. How did European expansion of the slave trade affect African states in the 1600s and 1700s? African states competed to dominate the slave trade 24. Why did Japanese shoguns turn against foreign traders in the mid-1500s? Japan saw foreigners as a threat after Spain seized the Philippines.
25. Under what condition did The Ming rulers allowed limited trade with Europeans? under the condition that the Europeans leave at the end of the trading season. 26. The population of New France grew slowly because the harsh winters kept many French from settling there. 27. Describe the first leg of the triangular trade route brought European goods to Africa. 28. Which foods were first introduced to the Americas by Europeans through the Columbian Exchange? wheat and grapes 29. What is the purpose of the economic system of capitalism? It encourages private ownership of most businesses. 30. What was the purpose of the Mayflower Compact set out guidelines for governing the Plymouth colony. 31. What type of government was created in England by the Glorious Revolution? limited monarchy 32. Why did Peter the Great waged war against the Ottoman empire? gain a warm-water port on the Black Sea. 33. What two nations were battling for control of the German states by 1750? Prussia and Austria 34. How did Peter the Great gain territory for Russia along the Baltic Sea? He won a long war with Sweden. 35. What contributed to the start of the English Civil War? Parliament executed the chief ministers of Charles I 36. What rules discoverable by reason did Enlightenment thinkers try to apply to the study of human behavior and society? natural law
37. The Constitution created a federal republic, which divided power between who? national and state governments. 38. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was modeled on what earlier documant? The American Declaration of Independence. 39. When the new National Convention met in 1792, what form of government did the radicals create? a republic 40. What was the war tactic that helped the Russians defeat Napoleon known as? scorched-earth policy 41. The Congress of Vienna promoted the principle of legitimacy. What does this mean? restoring hereditary monarchies 42. What did the Declaration of Pilnitz, by the king of Prussia and emperor of Austria, do? restoring hereditary monarchies 43. Robespierre believed that France could achieve a republic of virtue only through what? the use of terror. 44. What was the purpose of the Continental System? economic warfare. 45. A major goal of the decision makers at the Congress of Vienna was to suppress revolutionary uprisings throughout Europe. 46. During the Industrial Revolution, life changed in what basic way? People learned to use machines to make their own clothes. 47. The cotton gin was a machine that could do what? separate seeds from raw cotton. 48. The first factories developed in what industry? textiles
49. Why did Thomas Malthus discouraged vaccinations? Because disease was a natural means of population control. 50. Why did German socialists formed a social democracy in the 1860s? In order to transition gradually from capitalism to socialism. 51. Why did Karl Marx despised capitalism? because he believed that it created prosperity for a few and poverty for many. 52. How did the slave trade contributed to the rise of industry in Britain? by providing cheap labor. 53. The development of steam power enabled the growth of what industry? railroads. 54. In what way were railroads an improvement over canals? Railroads could connect two rivers. 55. Why were most early factory workers women? because employers could pay women less than men. 56. What was one long-term result of the Industrial Revolution? a general rise in the standard of living 57. According to laissez-faire economists, the cure for poverty was what? an unrestricted free market. 58. According to socialists, the solution to poverty and injustice was what? an unrestricted free market. 59. What was the Concert of Europe? an agreement to support the old order. 60. The ideas of liberals were sometimes called bourgeois liberalism because liberals spoke mostly for what group in society? middle class. 61. Why did the Congress of Vienna unite the Austrian Netherlands (present-day Belgium) and the Kingdom of Holland? The Congress wanted to create a strong barrier to French expansion. 62. What did Conservatives of the early 1800s believed in? the restoration of monarchies.
63. Liberals strongly supported laissez-faire economics as the best way to do what? help businesses succeed. 64. What contributed to the overwhelming majority of French voters that supported Louis Napoleon and his Second Empire? Many voters thought a monarchy was more stable than a republic. 65. Uprisings sparked by the dismantling of the Charter of French Liberties forced the abdication of what ruler? Charles X. 66. What was a goal of revolutionaries in the Italian states in 1848? to end Hapsburg domination and set up constitutional governments Short Answer 67. Make Generalizations The period in Western Europe that began in the 1300s and peaked around 1500 is called the Renaissance. In an essay of one (1) paragraph define the word renaissance, and explain how this name accurately describes this period in history. Include an example from your text or outside readings to support your answer. Rubric: 6pts Topic sentence defining the word renaissance 1pt Explanation of how the name accurately describes this period in history 4 pts Example from the text or outside readings 1pt 68. Compare Points of View: In an essay of three (3) or more paragraphs, compare the views of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke on human nature. How did these views influence their ideas on the proper role of government? Rubric: 11pts Introductory paragraph 2pts Describe Hobbes views on government. 2pts Describe Locke s views on government 2pts Explain how the two men were similar and where they differed 2pts Concluded your essay with a conclusion paragraph explaining how these men s ideas influenced latter world events. 3pts 69. Make Generalizations In an essay of one (1) paragraph, explain why Adam Smith thought that laissez-faire economics would benefit everyone in society. Do you think his theory was correct as applied to Britain during the Industrial Revolution?
Rubric: 6pts Topic sentence explaining Adam Smith s ideas on Laissez-faire economics 2pts Explain why you feel this philosophy was right or wrong as applied to the Industrial Revolution in Britain. 4pts 70. Make Comparisons In an essay of three or more paragraphs, compare the views of conservatives and liberals of the early 1800s on the topic of government. Describe the type of government conservatives supported and why. Describe the type of government liberals supported and why? Rubric: 11pts Introductory paragraph 2pts Describe the type of government conservatives supported and why. 2pts Describe the type of government liberals supported and why? 2pts Show where the two isms are similar and where they differ 2pts Concluded your essay with a conclusion 3pts