Religion and Society in Asia Pacific Series Editor Mark R. Mullins Japan Studies Centre University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
While various book series on Religion and Society already exist, most tend to be Euro-centric or have a North American focus. The proposed series would promote contemporary scholarship on the Asia-Pacific Region, particularly studies that give attention to the interaction and mutual transformation of religions across national boundaries and beyond their country of origin. This would be a multidisciplinary series that includes both historical and contemporary ethnographic studies, which would contribute to our understanding of the traditional and changing roles of religion in multiple socio-political contexts in the region. Especially welcome would be comparative studies that expand the frame of analysis beyond the nation-state and those that address emerging issues and trends related to globalization, such as religious pluralism and social conflict over the reemerging public role of religion, transnational religious movements, and Asian religions in diaspora communities. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15178
Albert Welter Jeffrey Newmark Editors Religion, Culture, and the Public Sphere in China and Japan
Editors Albert Welter Department of East Asian Studies The University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona, USA Jeffrey Newmark East Asian Languages and Cultures Program The University of Winnipeg Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Religion and Society in Asia Pacific ISBN 978-981-10-2436-8 ISBN 978-981-10-2437-5 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2437-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016962711 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Oscar Dominguez / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Acknowledgements Earlier versions of select essays in Religion, Culture, and the Public Sphere in China and Japan were presented at a Summer 2012 International Workshop on Religion in the Public Sphere in Modern, Historical, and Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Hosted at the University of Winnipeg, the conference attracted participants from East Asia, Europe, and North America to discuss religious agency in the growth of the public sphere. A generous Grant in Aid to Workshops and Conferences from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council as well as support from the University of Winnipeg Research Office and its Faculty of Arts afforded the editors the time and resources necessary to bring this long-term project to completion. The editors are grateful to all workshop participants, whose perspectives helped shape the theory and analysis presented in this volume. Chae Young Kim and Jiang Wu s studies addressed the development of the Public Sphere in peripheral and disaporic East Asian communities. Richard Mann, Bernadette Rigal-Cellard, and Marybeth White s studies on the public sphere s sectarian components were instrumental in forming the outlier motif. Carlos Colorado and Justin Klassen s presentations on Western Secularism played a valuable role in situating the text within contemporary discourse on the Public Sphere. Finally, Mark Ruml and Jack Zupko s work on indigenous peoples and public activity shed light on traditionally underrepresented actors in the public sphere. We extend our thanks to the peer reviewers for their crucial feedback that enhanced the critical theory underling much of the essays. Mark Mullins, who is also one of the contributors in this volume, generously v
vi Acknowledgements and enthusiastically advocated its inclusion as part of the new series with Palgrave on Religion and Society in Asia-Pacific. Lastly, the editors are especially indebted to Palgrave Macmillan s Senior Editor, Sara Crowley Vigneau, whose support and expertise were critical to the volume s success.
Contents 1 Introduction: The East Asian Public Sphere 1 Jeffrey Newmark 2 The Sphere of Privilege: Confucian Culture and the Administration of Buddhism (and Religion) in China 13 Albert Welter 3 Conservative and Progressive Models for Buddhism Under the Republic of China 43 Eric Goodell 4 Islamic Charity in China: Its Organizations and Activities in a New Era 69 Wang Jianping 5 Knowing the [Confucian] Way and the Political Sphere 87 Bettina Gramlich-Oka 6 A Self-Made Outlier in the Tokugawa Public Sphere: Ōshio Heihachirō and His 1837 Osaka Riot 115 Jeffrey Newmark vii
viii Contents 7 Longing for the Ideal World: An Unofficial Religious Association in the Late Tokugawa Public Sphere 145 Fumiko Miyazaki 8 Religious Minorities and the Public Sphere: Kagawa Toyohiko and Christian Counterpublics in Modern Japanese Society 173 Mark R. Mullins 9 Truths Unacknowledged: The Public Sphere and Japan s Colonial Project in Korea 205 Franklin Rausch 10 The East Asian Public Sphere: Concluding Remarks and Theoretical Considerations 233 Albert Welter Index 251
List of Tables Table 8.1 Kagawa Toyohiko and non-governmental and official public spheres, 1909 1945 188 ix