The French Revolution -Mr. Leon s Class 1789-1815 Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
European Monarchies 1750-1789
What are some current issues facing the American people that cause great divisiveness and anger? Question of the Day
Causes of the French Revolution
Revolution and France Old Regime existing system of Feudalism under a King and Queen People divided into three estates, or social classes First Estate Second Estate Third Estate
First Estate Clergy of Roman Catholic Church Anti-Enlightenment Owned 10% of land 2% of income to taxes 1% of population
Second Estate Rich nobles held high offices in gov t Anti-Enlightenment Owned 30% of land Paid almost no taxes 1-2% of population
Third Estate Consisted of three groups Bourgeoisie Workers Peasants 98% of population 80% of pop. are peasants
Third Estate People paid most of their income in taxes (like soap, salt & bread) dues to nobles tithes to the church Growing resentment towards 1 st and 2 nd Estates Pro-Enlightenment ideas
Weak Government King Louis XVI inherits debt Borrowed to help American colonies defeat the British Crop failures and bread shortages Marie Antoinette (Queen) overspending and uncaring
Estates General France faced bankruptcy - Louis XVI called an Estates General - assembly of representatives from all three estates to air grievances a cahier for the 3 rd Estate Met May 5, 1789 at Versailles Unfair voting practices led to more anger
Tennis Court Oath June 17, 1789 Third Estate establishes the National Assembly proclaiming the end of monarchy and the start of representative government Tennis Court Oath indoor tennis court where delegates would stay until they made a new constitution (Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen) The First Act of Real Revolution
Question of the Day What are some Injustices students face at Miami Arts Charter? What can be done to solve these problems? Create a CBS Cahier to express your anger
QoU!! Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely Lord Acton (1834-1902)
Maximilien Robespierre becomes dictator The Terror Closes churches, changes calendar (no Sundays, new dates) Republic of Virtue Reign of Terror
Political clubs The Jacobins wanted to remove the King permanently King Louis XVI Executed Louis tried for treason and found guilty Guillotined January 21, 1793
End of Robespierre National Convention leaders knew they were not safe from Robes Executed on July 28, 1794 Public opinion shifted to the Right (conservative) The Directory 1795 Death Mask of Robespierre
Question of the Day What are your feelings about Capital Punishment? That is The Death Penalty for Capital Crimes
French Governments 1789-1795 3. The Legislative Assembly 1. The Old Regime King and Queen Three Estates Feudal System 2. The National Assembly Declaration of the Rights of Man Abolish Feudalism and make everyone equal Limited Constitutional Monarchy Radicals, Moderates, Conservatives 4. The National Convention King and Queen executed Robespierre becomes dictator The Terror!!! 5. THE DIRECTORY
Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Forges an Empire Chapter 7 Sections 3 and 4
QoD What makes a person GREAT? Based on your definition of greatness, who in today s world could be considered great? Example and explain Think about all walks of life politics, entertainment, sports, teaching, etc. THINK ABOUT: Changing people s lives, innovative ideas, leadership, empathy, caring, motivating, power, money, intelligent?
Nationalism The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation-that is to people who share a culture and historyrather than to a king or empire
Napoleon Bonaparte During the 1790 s- Defeated peasant uprising Defeated Austria in battle protected France Changed the way war was fought By 1799 seen as a French hero Beloved by his soldiers ($$$) and the French people
Coup d Etat Encouraged to assume political power by The Directory November 9, 1799 given full control of the military, gov t immediately overthrown Becomes de facto Dictator The First Consul
1800-1804 plebiscites elections gave NAP total power Taxation equality National banking system Set up lycees gov t run schools Signed concordat with Pope Pius VII Restored relations with the Church Internal France Napoleonic Code Uniform set of Laws Louisiana Purchase (1803) Emperor $15 MIL goes straight to French military December 2, 1804 Wants his empire to include all of Europe AND into the Western Hemisphere
Napoleon Biography The Glory of France Video Analysis
External Enemies NAP defeats European military powers Ignites French Nationalism Continues military campaign to rule Europe Spreading Enlightenment Ideas really is self-serving
The Downfall of Napoleon The Battle of Trafalgar The Continental System The Peninsular War The Invasion of Russia The 100 Days (his first exile) Waterloo https://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=oi84d8u4wt8
Battle of Trafalgar 1805 French navy defeated by British fleet Horatio Nelson scores victory dies RESULTS Assured British naval supremacy NAP can t invade Britain Wants to defeat Britain even more
The Continental System 1806 Blockade of British imports and exports to weaken England s economy Thanks to Trafalgar, British Navy too strong and blockade not tight enough RESULTS Weakened French economy Weakened European economy European nations hated NAP
The Peninsular War 1808-1813 Portugal not adhering to NAP NAP brother Joseph King of Spain Spanish riot in protest Guerrilla Warfare and British send troops to aid rebels RESULTS Can t defeat guerrillas and British French Lose 300,000 troops Other countries have HOPE NATIONALISM!!!
Invasion of Russia 1812 Czar Alexander retreats to Moscow Scorched-earth policy/slash & burn Battle of Moscow Russians burn city October too late to advance too late to retreat RESULTS Fierce winter defeats French army NAP retreats NAP left France with 600,000 returns with 10,000 Severely weakens French military
Napoleon s Defeat October 1813 NAP defeated at Battle of Leipzig By January 1814 enemies marching towards Paris April 1814 NAP surrenders Exiled to island of Elba
Lord Wellington Nosey Louis XVIII on throne unpopular brother of XVI NAP escapes from Elba and quickly re-establishes his military Louis XVIII flees June 1815 NAP defeated at Battle of Waterloo Exiled to St. Helena Dies 1821 - Cancer? The 100 Days
Hitler Visiting Napoleon s Tomb
The Congress of Vienna Ch. 7 Section 5 European powers wanted to restore stability Austrian Prince Klemens von Metternich has 1. Containment Three goals: Surround France with strong countries 2. Balance of Power Strengthen all European nations 3. Legitimacy Restore Europe s royal families
Congress of Vienna LONG TERM RESULTS Monarchies restored Aristocracy elevated Increased power of Britain and Prussia (soon to be Germany 1871) Increased Nationalism in Europe Seeds of Revolution throughout the world BUT peace in Europe for 100 years (basically)
Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely Lord Acton (1834-1902) In-Class Writing Assignment In five paragraphs, explain how this quote relates to King Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, Robespierre, and/or Napoleon Bonaparte. Use at least THREE specific examples for each person to support your response