1890 1945 The US faced profound domestic and global challenges as the country battled through the Great Depression and world wars. 1. Continued growth of large corporations a. Dominated the US economy b. Focus on the production of consumer goods c. Transition from a rural/agricultural society to an urban/industrial one d. New economic opportunities for women and immigrants e. Led to instability a. Credit and market instability 2. Progressive Movement a. Typical reformer b. Led to the Great Depression c. Led to calls for the creation of a stronger financial regulatory system b. Reasons for reform c. Reforming social and political institutions d. Reform at the local, state and federal levels a. Promoted federal legislation to regulate abuses of the economy and the environment b. Goal to expand democracy c. Clayton Antitrust Act d. Florence Kelley e. Federal Reserve Bank
f. Upton Sinclair g. Jane Addams 3. A new mass culture and modern values spread a. New technologies a. Contributed to 1. improved standards of living 2. greater personal mobility 3. better communication systems b. Radio c. Motion pictures d. Automobiles b. Political and cultural conflicts a. Because of technological change and modernization b. Tradition vs. innovation c. Urban vs. rural d. Fundamentalist Christianity vs. scientific modernism e. Management vs. labor f. Native-born vs. new immigrants g. White vs. black h. Idealism vs. disillusionment c. Development of culture a. National culture 1. Creating shared experiences 2. Through art, cinema, and mass media
b. Harlem Renaissance c. Jazz d. Yiddish theater e. Edward Hopper 4. FDR s New Deal a. Welfare State a. Transformation to a welfare state b. Influenced by progressive ideas c. Used government power to 1. provide relief to the poor 2. stimulate recovery 3. reform the American economy b. New Deal Programs a. National Recovery Administration b. Tennessee Valley Authority c. Federal Writers Project d. Social Security Act e. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
c. Legacy of the New Deal a. Reforms and agencies that endeavored to make society and individuals more secure b. New Deal Coalition 1. Long-term political realignment d. Critics of FDR and the New Deal a. Radical groups pushed FDR for extensive reforms b. Conservatives in Congress and Supreme Court sought to limit New Deal c. Huey Long d. Supreme Court fight Global conflicts propelled the US into a dominant international position 5. Overseas expansionism led to new territorial acquisitions a. Reasons for US imperialism b. Debate over US involvement in the world a. Imperialists v anti-imperialists b. Interventionists v isolationists c. Spanish-American War a. Island territories b. War in the Philippines d. Increased economic and military presence - Caribbean and Latin America a. Roosevelt Corollary
b. Dollar diplomacy c. Mexican intervention 6. World War I a. Initial neutrality b. Wilson s call for war a. Departure from usual noninvolvement in European affairs b. Call for the defense of humanitarian and democratic principles c. American Expeditionary Force played a limited role in the war d. Wilson and postwar negotiations a. Treaty of Versailles b. League of Nations c. Debate in the US e. Home front a. Repression of civil liberties b. Restrictions on freedom of speech c. Schenk v US d. Alien and Sedition Acts f. Red Scare g. Restricting immigration a. Acts of Congress b. Restrictive immigration quotas 1. Immigration act of 1924 7. Between the wars a. US isolationism b. International investment c. Peace treaties
d. Select military intervention e. Promote a vision of international order f. Washington Naval Conference g. Stimson Doctrine h. Neutrality Acts 8. World War II a. Pearl Harbor b. War mobilization a. Workforce b. Change in production c. Troops c. Questionable government actions a. Japanese internment camps b. Challenges to civil liberties c. Debates over race and segregation d. Dropping the atomic bomb d. US and its allies achieved victory a. Allied political and military cooperation 1. Atlantic Charter 2. D-Day
b. Industrial production c. Technological and scientific advances 1. Development of sonar 2. Manhattan Project d. Popular commitment to advancing democratic ideals e. Most powerful nation on earth a. Dominant role of the US in the war b. And in postwar peace settlements c. War-ravaged condition of Asia and Europe 9. Increase in migration a. Because of WWI a. Economic opportunities b. Great Migration b. During the Great Depression a. Farmers suffering through Dust Bowl b. Men moving around the country looking for work c. Forced deportations c. During WWII a. Bracero program b. Luisa Moreno