Chapter 11 Political Developments in the early republic Chapter 12 Foreign Policy in the Young Nation
1. Inauguration Terms 2. Election of 1800 3. Embargo 4. War hawks 5. Tribute 6. Impressment 7. Isolationism 8. nuetrality
Federalist Party Most Federalists believed that people were basically selfish and out for themselves. Many distrusted any system that gave too much power to the mob or common people. Government should be run by the educated, wealthy and public- spirited. Ideal Economy would increase the nation s wealth by using the power of the federal government to promote business, manufacturing and trade. Supported loose interpretation of the Constitution Alexander Hamilton
Democratic Republican Party Believed informed citizens could make good decisions for the country. People were good at heart. Republicans favored an economy based on agriculture, and opposed a national bank that supported business and manufacturing. Ideal government was the one that governed the least, a small government. Believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution. Thomas Jefferson
The Alien & Sedition Acts The Alien Act lengthened the number of years necessary to become citizen from 5 to 14 years. The Alien Act allowed the President to deport non-citizens suspected of stirring up trouble. Sedition Act made it illegal to print, write, or speak badly about the government, Congress or the President. Supported by Federalists like Hamilton. Jefferson saw it as an attack on the Republican party, because many non-citizens voted Republican and a violation freedom of speech and press. The Sedition Act was used to punish Republican newspapers for insulting Adams (Federalist).
Election of 1800 Resulted in a tie between Jefferson & Burr The House of Representatives broke the tie and elected Thomas Jefferson President. The 12 th amendment was added to the Constitution. It required the Electoral College cast separate ballots for the President and Vice President. The Election of 1800 was a peaceful revolution.
State s Rights Jefferson & Madison drew up a set of resolutions opposing the Alien and Sedition Acts. The resolutions stated that individual states had the right to nullify both acts because both went against the Constitution. The states rights theory of the Constitution holds that states may reject federal laws if the government is not using power properly. These resolutions were approved by only two states Virginia and Kentucky, so the protest died. However, the debate over state s rights would continue.
Washington s Foreign Policy America would be neutral America would not offer help to France or Britain Washington s policy of avoiding alliances was known as isolationism
The Whiskey Rebellion was caused by a tax being placed on whiskey, farmers refuse to pay the tax. Washington used the militia to crush the rebels that refused to pay the excise tax. He chose to use force to end the rebellion because he saw the rebellion as a threat to the new government s authority. When Washington left office he warned about loyalty to political parties, if disagreements were not controlled it would weaken the nation
Dilemma 1 Protect American Ships The Jay Treaty was signed to end hostile relations with Britain. It resulted in the British leaving the Ohio Valley. The XYZ Affair happened when France started attacking American ships. France held representatives sent by Adams to end the attacks hostage. Napoleon made peace with the U.S. and ordered an end to seizures of U.S. ships and release of sailors. Napoleon also ended the alliance between the two countries. Now the U.S. had no allies to drag them into war.
Dilemma 2 How to Deal with Pirates Pirates from the Barbary States of North Africa tried to raise the tribute the U.S. was paying for safety of U.S. ships. Jefferson refused to pay more tribute, and enacted an embargo (complete stop of trade). The embargo hurt the US, so Jefferson ended the hostility by paying $60,000.
Dilemma 3 Protect Sailors and Settlers France and Britain were attacking U.S. ships because each wanted to keep U.S. shippers from supplying their enemy. War Hawks were eager for war with Britain in 1812, because they hoped to drive the British out of Canada, and gain control of the territory. Madison declared war on Britain in 1812. The war resulted in the weakening of Native American resistance, a surge in national pride, and damaged support for Federalists.
Dilemma 4 Support Latin Nations? Many Latin American countries were struggling for independence from Spain in the early 1800s.Spain did not allow these countries to trade freely with others. The U.S. supported to the Latin countries struggle for independence to increase trade with them. The U.S. signed the Monroe Doctrine to state that North and South America were not to be considered subjects for colonization by Europe