Recent Trends in Immigration Enforcement Mark Greenberg Senior Fellow, Migration Policy Institute Presentation for Community Action Partnership 218 Management & Leadership Training Conference January 1, 218 1
Share of the U.S. Population Immigrants (millions) Number and Share of Immigrants among Total U.S. Population, 185 to 216 45% 4% Number Share of total population 45 4 35% 35 3% 25% 2% 15% 1% 5% % 3 25 2 15 1 5 Note: The term "immigrants" refers to people residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. This population includes naturalized citizens, lawful permanent immigrants, refugees and asylees, legal nonimmigrants (including those on student, work, or other temporary visas), and persons residing in the United States without authorization. Sources: MPI analysis of data from the 197, 198, 199, and 2 Decennial Census and the 21-216 American Community Surveys (ACS). All other data are from Gibson, Campbell and Emily Lennon, U.S. Census Bureau, Working Paper No. 29, Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-Born Population of the United States: 185 to 199, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1999. 218 Migration Policy Institute 2
Children of Immigrants (millions) Share of all children One in Four U.S. Children Has at Least One Immigrant Parent Number and Share of Children of Immigrants among U.S. Children under 18, 197 to 216 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 Number Share of all children 197 198 199 2 21 216 3% 27% 24% 21% 18% 15% 12% 9% 6% 3% % Note: Data here include only children who reside with at least one parent. The term children of immigrants (or children in immigrant families) refers to children under 18 with at least one immigrant parent. Source: MPI analysis of data from the 197, 198, 199, and 2 Decennial Census and the 21 and 216 ACS. 218 Migration Policy Institute 3
About One in Three Children of Immigrants Lives with Unauthorized Immigrant Parents Children of Immigrants by Parental Legal Status and Citizenship Status of Children of Unauthorized Immigrants, 29-13 Status of Parents Status of Children Children with Legal Immigrant Parents, 7% Children of Unauthorized U.S. Citizen, 79% Immigrants, 3% Unauthorized, 19% LPR or temporary immigrants, 2% Note: Children of unauthorized immigrants refers to those reside with at least one unauthorized immigrant parent. Source: MPI analysis of data from the 29-13 ACS pooled and 28 SIPP by Hammar, Bachmeier, and Van Hook. 218 Migration Policy Institute 4
ICE Removals in 217 Were Below 212 Peak; Share of Removals that Were Interior Grew 45, 4, 35, 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, 29 21 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 Interior removals Border removals Sources: Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations Report Fiscal Year 215-217 5
Most ICE Removals are from the Border, but Interior Share Grew in 217 25, ICE Removals, FY 29 to FY 217 2, 15, 1, 5, 29 21 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 Interior removals Border removals Sources: ICE, ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations Report Fiscal Year 215-217 6
Interior Removals in First Months of Administration Grew by 37% Compared to Same Period in Prior Year 7, 6, 5, 4, ICE Interior Removals, January 2 to End of FY, FY 216 and FY 217 3, 61,94 2, 44,512 1, 216 217 Source: ICE, ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations Report Fiscal Year 217 7
A Larger Share of Interior Removals Were People without Criminal Convictions 9, ICE interior Removals, FY 215 to FY 217 8, 7, 6, 5,939 5,14 13,744 5, 4, 3, 63,539 6,318 67,859 2, 1, 215 216 217 People with criminal convictions People without criminal convictions Source: ICE, ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations Report Fiscal Year 217 8
Border Patrol apprehensions in 217 were at their lowest point since 1971 1,8, 1,6, Border Patrol Apprehensions, FY 1971 to FY 217 1,692,544 in 1986 1,676,438 in 2 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, 32,517 in 1971 31,531 in 217 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 21 23 25 27 29 211 213 215 217 Sources: U.S. Border Patrol, Nationwide Illegal Alien Apprehensions Fiscal Years 1925-217; CBP, Border Security Report Fiscal Year 217 218 Migration Policy Institute
In Recent Years, Apprehensions of Mexicans Have Fallen; Apprehensions of Central Americans Have Grown Apprehensions by Nationality, FY 21 to FY 216 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 21 211 212 213 214 215 216 Mexico Northern Triangle (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras) Other nationalities Source: DHS, Immigration Enforcement Actions: 216 1
ICE Administrative Arrests Grew in 217 35, ICE Administrative Arrests, FY 21 to FY 217 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, 21 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 Total administrative arrests Arrests between Jan. 2 and end of FY Sources: ICE, ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations Report Fiscal Year 217; DHS, Immigration Enforcement Actions: 216 11
ICE Arrests of Individuals without Criminal Convictions Grew in 217 16, ICE Arrests, FY 215 to FY 217 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, 215 216 217 No Criminal Convictions No Criminal Convictions, but Charges Pending (information only available for FY 217) Criminal Convictions Source: ICE, ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations Report Fiscal Year 217 12
Contact Information Mark Greenberg Senior Fellow Migration Policy Institute 14 16 th St., NW, Suite 3 Washington, DC 236 (22) 266-1931 mgreenberg@migrationpolicy.org www.migrationpolicy.org 13