Study Guide for Test 4 1. In general, who could vote in the English colonies? Free men, over 21 years old, who owned a certain amount of land. Sometimes had to be church members. 2. representative government system of government in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them town meetings- meetings held in New England villages where colonists discussed and voted on many issues 3. Why was the House of Burgesses important? It was the first representative government in the colonies (Virginia- 1619). 4. What is the job of each branch? Today s US Government British Government Colonial Governments Parallel Governments: Legislative Executive Judicial Make or write the laws Congress made up of The Senate and House of Representatives Parliament made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons Colonial legislatures made up of: usually a Governor s Council and an Assembly (like the House of Burgesses) Enforce or carry out the laws The President the King (or Queen), and run by the Prime Minister Governor Interpret the laws
North America in 1750 5. Claimed by: England/BritainD (13 Colonies) and H France A,C,E (Canada and Louisiana) Spain B and F (Mexico and Florida) More than one G (Oregon and Northwest) After 1763, which of the above powers was eliminated from North America because of the French and Indian War? Who got its lands? France was eliminated from North America. England got the former French lands. Why did the French and Indian War lead to the American Revolution? Because England had fought such a large and expensive war, they had a large debt to pay afterwards. They decided to tax the colonies in order to pay for it. However, the colonies said that was taxation without representation. Furthermore, the colonists were not allowed to move into the land that they had just won from France. 6. What was the Albany Plan of Union for? Who suggested it? Why was it not
adopted? It was a plan to have the colonies join together for defensive purposes against the French during the French and Indian War. Ben Franklin suggested it. It was not accepted because the colonies did not want to give up powers to a central power (yet!) 7. Identify the following: Treaty of Paris, 1763 Agreement that gave Canada, Florida, and all French land east of the Mississippi to Britain Proclamation of 1763 Declared that colonists could not move west of the Appalachian Mountains Quartering Act Required colonists to pay for housing of British soldiers Stamp Act Taxed legal documents and printed materials Boston Massacre The killing of five Bostonians by British soldiers Writs of Assistance Allowed British official to search any ship without giving a reason Tea Act Allowed the British East India Tea Company to sell tea directly to colonists (with a small tax) Boston Tea Party A protest by the Sons of Liberty against the Tea Act Intolerable Acts Passed by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party Lexington & Concord The opening battles of the Revolutionary War, which occurred near Boston 8. What did the phrase No taxation without representation mean? When did colonists use this? It meant that if the colonies were not represented in Parliament, then Parliament should not have the ability to tax the colonists. The colonists used this phrase during their protests on various taxes- but NOT because they did not think that taxes themselves were bad. 9. Define boycott- To refuse to buy certain goods and services petition- To write a letter (signed by many people) that asks the gov t to do something repeal- To cancel a law militia- An army of citizens who serve as soldiers during an emergency minuteman- Volunteer who trained to fight the British in 1775. 10. Fill in the following chart on the Revolutionary War:
Strengths Weaknesses Americans Were fighting to defend their farms,homes, lands and shops. No military training, but many farmers owned rifles and were good shots. Had George Washington as a leader. Forces were untrained. Few cannon, little gunpowder, no navy. British Highly trained, experienced troops. Navy most powerful in the world. Could sail all along the Atlantic Coast. Army was 3000 miles from home. British were fighting in unfriendly territory. 11. Rough estimates might say that 1/3 of the people in the colonies supported revolution, 1/3 of the people supported staying loyal to the king, and 1/3 of the people were undecided. People who support independence were called Patriots or Rebels. People who wanted to stay loyal to the king were Loyalists or Tories. 12. What did Thomas Paine write about in his pamphlet called Common Sense? What did he want the pamphlet to convince people to do? He wanted to convince people that colonists had nothing to gain by staying under British rule, that the idea that a small island like Britain should rule a continent like America was unnatural, and that kings and queens of any kind were bad rulers. In short, he said that America needed a declaration of independence from the king. 13. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government... Where does this quote come from? The Declaration of Independence, by T. Jefferson What does the phrase, certain unalienable rights refer to? What does the phrase mean? The phrase refers to the rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It means that these three rights (and others) are naturally ours and can never be taken away by a government. What happens if governments try to take away these unalienable rights from their citizens? If any government does try to take away these rights, the Declaration of Independence says that the people have a right to change or get rid of that government (alter or abolish it), and to start a new one. 14. Why was the Battle of Saratoga considered to be a turning point for the Revolutionary
War? Because the American victory in this battle convinced France to help the colonies. It also boosted American spirits and captured all of the British force in New England. 15. How did the colonists achieve a victory at the Battle of Yorktown? The British, under Cornwallis, were surrounded. The French fleet was blocking the way by water, and the American army under Washington blocked them on land.