AP United States History Study Guide Chapter 2: 1607-1754 v Rise of the English world Ø Spanish armada 1588 Spain was defeated in the Spanish- English war Decline of Spanish influence Rise of England Ø Protestant reformation Less reliance on catholic authority Ø Growth of colonies Corporate colonies Joint stock companies Property colonies Started by single individual Royal colonies Run by the government v European colonies Ø Spanish colonies Based on conversion and settlement Convert/exploit native Americans Allowed intermarriage Ø French/Dutch colonies Based on trade Few Europeans Fur trading with natives Allowed for intermarriage Ø English colonies Based on settlement Sent families No intermarriage Rigid racial hierarchy Little contact with natives v Roanoke colony Ø Founded by Sir Walter Raleigh Ø John White In command of colony Returns to England in 1587 time of war: England vs. Spain Returns back to colony in 1590 v Jamestown Virginia Ø May 1607 Virginia bay company Ø Location problems Swamp Ø One half die 1 st winter Ø Goal collective society Greed v Anglo- Powhatan wars
Ø Bad leadership led to conflict with the natives Ø John smith strong leader Helped Jamestown survive Ø John Rolfe Pocahontas 1614 Tobacco Ø Peace 1649 v Massachusetts Ø Pilgrims Ø Mayflower compact in 1620 All signed before they got to land, for the general good of the colony Ø Royal charter 1629 Ø John Winthrop City on a hill v Puritans Ø Puritans in England Starts in Germany then Swiss challenging orthodox ways of religion More political than religious Henry 8 th wants to divorce wife, wasn t allowed so he made himself head of a new church, the Anglican one Basically catholic but the king not e pope heads the church Ø Scottish reformation Under john Knox More like copying the Swiss Ø Puritans part of church in England yet wants to purify church of England copy Scotland/Swiss make it more religious Ø Protestant work ethic Ø Religious beliefs English Calvinists Ø English civil war Scotland puritans parliament vs. King Charles I and English royalists Parliament wins, institute harsh religious laws Become unpopular, king comes back (Charles I s con) So puritans have persecution Ø 1630-1640 Great puritan migration Ø Community focus Ø Rigid laws v Growth of colonial America Ø Virginia 1607 by London Joint- Stock company First permanent English settlement in new world (Jamestown)
Tobacco (John Rolfe perfected methods) House of Burgesses first form of representative self government Key people John smith: helped colonists through starving time winter of 1607 Pocahontas: peacemaker daughter of Chief Powhatan Chief Powhatan: Powhatan wars (first warfare with Indians) John Rolfe: perfected tobacco methods Ø Massachusetts 1620 by Puritans First was Plymouth- pilgrims (speratists) but alter overshadowed by bay colony Mayflower compact (agreement for self rule) Massachusetts bay colony (bible commonwealth) puritans (1628) Religious townships Franchise given to all freemen (members of congregational church) Strict moral codes Halfway covenant (to increase church membership) 1677 People William Bradford chosen governor 30 times (Plymouth) John Winthrop city upon a hill, one of the leaders that founded bay colony Anne Hutchinson banished from bay colony for antinomianism Roger Williams banished for his belief in separation of church and state and religious freedom Ø New Hampshire 1623 by John Mason Intended to create a fishing colony but died before he could build towns Part of Massachusetts until England granted Massachusetts a royal charter in 1679 People John mason founder John Wentworth British colonial governor during revolution Ø Maryland 1634
by Lord Baltimore Desire for profit and to create a refuge for roman Catholics who were being persecuted in protestant England Proprietorship (ran by one person, business term) Tobacco Act of toleration in 1649 religious freedom for all Christians Heaven for Catholics Ø Connecticut 1635 by Thomas hooker and group of Massachusetts colonists Colonists were starting towns in 1635 towns join together to form Connecticut in 1636 Looked for freedom and financial opportunities Pequot war (1636-1637) fought between Connecticut settlers and Pequot Indians decimated Pequot in the end Led to king Philip s War Fundamental orders of Connecticut (1639) first written form of constitution (became basis for later U.S constitution Ø Rhode island 1636 by Roger Williams Roger Williams was banished buy the bay colony for his beliefs in separation of church an state and freedom of religion Anne Hutchinson who was also banished formed Portsmouth Two other settlements across and all four joined together Nicknamed the sewer of new England First to guarantee freedom of religion/worship to al its citizens Founded on separation of church and state Known for its independence Ø Delaware 1638 by Peter Minuit and New Sweden company Peter Minuit (cutch) formed new Sweden as part of New Netherland
Charles II (King of England) gave his brother (James Duke of York) New Netherland he demanded it and Dutch surrendered it nicknames it Delaware Part of Pennsylvania until 1703 Governed by Pennsylvania until revolutionary war North Carolina Founded 1653 by Virginians/eight nobles with royal charter from Charles II Carolinas known as restoration colonies since monarchy was restored under Charles II 1663: Ling Charles II issued royal charter to 8 nobles to settle region Carolinas split officially in 1729 because of cultural differences and internal conflicts with proprietors Grew tobacco sold timber and tar but lacked good harbor Ø South Carolina 1663 by Eight nobles with royal charter from Charles II 1719: settlers in couth Carolina seized control of its proprietors Officially split in 1663 Prospered from fertility of low country and harbors trade in lumber deerskin beef Rice and indigo cultivation Ø New Jersey 1664 by Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret Fact Duke of York received control of New Netherlands in 1664 granted two of his friends (Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret) land (became New Jersey) Advertised and promised settlers representative government and freedom of religion for colonizing Diversity of congregations (had 45) Ø New York 1664 by Duke of York
Duke of York received control of New Netherlands in 1664 and renamed it New York Diversity of congregations (18) Ø Pennsylvania 1682 by William Penn Intended to create colony that allowed for freedom of religion and desires to protect Quakers from persecution Third biggest and riches colony by 1700 Allowed for representative assembly elected by landowners Freedom of worship and religion of all citizens Friendly relations towards Indians Antislavery Unlimited migration City of brotherly love Ø Georgia 1732 by James Edward Oglethorpe Edward Oglethorpe given charter by king George II in 1732 to create buffer colony against Spanish expansion in Florida Served as a place for debtors and prisoners to start anew Toleration of all Christians except catholic Wanted to avoid slavery but when it became royal in 1752 plantations and slavery became major part of its economy Ø New England (Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire) Economy Focused on trading farming lumbering fishing later manufacturing Triangular trade (rum from new England for salves in Africa à molasses in west indies à new England) Small manufacturing mostly for naval stores (tar pitch pint turpentine) Social Settlers moved by fmailies Emphasized on education and religion Townships center is church Jeremiad Franchise to freeman (male church members) some to all citizens Ran by assemblies
Ø Chesapeake/South (Virginia Maryland North and couth Carolina Georgia) Economy Relied heavily on cultivation of tobacco Head right system (sponsor indentured servants to work on plantations/cultivation) By 1750 slaves were the main workers came by the way of the Middle passage Indigo and rice also made a profit Social Mostly men little women (came in search of economic opportunities) Unhealthy population Social pyramid planter aristocrats > small farmers (yeomen) > landless whites > slaves Ø Middle colonies Economy Bread colonies Social Unlike the north and couth did not establish state religions Distinguished by its racial and religions diversity Dutch Mennonites French Huguenots German Baptists Portuguese Jews Lutherans Quakers African Americans Native Americans etc.
v Colonial America Ø Government Governor Appointed by king/proprietor Most appointed by the king Enforce laws trade, make sure the colony runs smoothly Two house legislature Upper house King appointed representatives Focus on laws Lower house Also known as the assembly Representative government Ø Voted by the people (landowning white males) Approved taxes Ø Mercantilism Export more import less Increase production Regulate trade Government regulated economy for the purposes of increasing national power at the expense of other nations Ø Navigation act of 1650 Trade with America on British ships (any trade going anywhere) America to places Importing to colonies means must go through England first Specific exports must go through England first Ø Salutary neglect English toward America Not much enforcement of breaking laws as long as money is being made ant they aren t revolting Ø Labor indentured servants v Daily life Ø Social mobility almost everyone had the opportunity to improve their standard of living Ø 90% lived on farms Ø Standard of living for most colonies was better than Europe by 1750 Ø Women bore an average of 8 children did the majority of household work and education Ø Most men worked with wealth through landowning became increasingly concentrated in the hands of the few