8th grade 1770-1900 I. American Revolution A. A New Nation (1763-1791) *Unit 3 1. The Thirteen Colonies Rebel a. Tighter British Control Colonists resented new laws and taxes passed by the British after the French and Indian War and protested against them. 1. Why did Great Britain take measures to increase its control over the American Colonies? 2. Why did the colonists object to British efforts to tax them? 1. Alliance 2. Proclamation of 1763 3. Revenue 4. Stamp Act 5. Boycott 6. Sons of Liberty 1. George III 2. Appalachian Mountains 3. New York 1. Why did the colonists protests the Proclamation of 1763? 2. How did colonists fight the stamp act? 1. Was Britain justified in thinking that the colonies should pay for part of their own defense? Why or why not? b. Colonial Resistance Grows Colonial leaders resisted Britain's efforts to tighten control over the colonies. They began to organize to oppose British Policies. 1. Why did colonists object to British taxation policies? 2. How did colonists attempt to resist British policies? 1. Townshend Acts 2. Writs of Assistance 3. Propaganda 4. Boston Massacre 5. Boston Tea Party 1. Crispus Attucks 2. James Otis 3. John Locke 4. Samuel Adams 1. Why, according to the colonists, did the Townshend Acts violate their liberties? 2. How did colonists fight the Townshend Acts? The Tea Act? 1. Why was it important for colonial leaders to unite the colonists against Britain? c. The Road to Lexington and Concord Tensions between Britain and the colonies led to armed conflict in Massachusetts. 1. How did Britain respond to the colonists' refusal to obey British laws? 2. What events led up to the fighting at Lexington and Concord?
1. Intolerable Acts 2. First Continental Congress 3. Militia 4. Minuteman 5. Loyalist 6. Patriot 1. Thomas Gage 2. John Hancock 3. Patrick Henry 4. Paul Revere 5. Lexington 6. Concord 1. Why did Parliament pass the Intolerable Acts? 2. What led to the battles of Lexington and Concord? (6) Critical Thnking 1. Why did the colonial ban on trade fail to make Parliament repeal the Intolerable Acts? d. Declaring Independence Fighting between Britain and Colonial militias led colonists to form an army and declare their independence. 1. What decisions did colonial leaders make at the Second Continental Congress? 2. What were the arguments for and against American independence? 3. What ideas and beliefs were contained in the Declaration of Independence? 1. Artillery 2. Second Continental Congress 3. Declaration of Independence 1. Ethan Allen 2. George Washington 3. Thomas Paine 4. Thomas Jefferson 1. Why did some colonists question whether independence was a sensible policy? 2. Summarize the message of Common Sense. Reread the passage from the Declaration of Independence beginning, "we hold these truths..." Then restate the passage in your own words. 2. Americans Win Independence a. Early Years of the War During the Revolutionary War, inexperienced Patriot forces struggled with a lack of supplies and a divided society. 1. What difficulties did Washington face as head of the American army? 2. What were the major battles of the war in the North? 3. How did foreign nations affect the war? 1. enlist 2. mercenary 3. rendezvous 4. Battle of Saratoga 1. William Howe 2. John Burgoyne 3. Bernardo de Galvez
4. Hudson Valley 5. Mohawk Valley 6. Saratoga 1. What problems did the Continental Army face? 2. Why did Britain's invasion of the Hudson Valley fail? (6) Critical Thnking 1. Why would countries fighting wars seek alliances with other nations? b. The Path to Victory After 1777, the war's focus shifted from the North to other areas: the frontier, the sea, and the South. The war's final battles took place in the South. 1. What strengthened Patriot forces? 2. Why did the heavy fighting take place in the South? 3. What events led to the end of the war? 1. desert 2. bayonet 3. guerrilla 4. Battle of Yorktown 1. Marguis de Lafayette 2. George Rogers Clark 3. John Paul Jones 4. Francis Marion 5. Valley Forge 6. Vincennes 7. Charleston 1. Why did the war shift to the South in its last stages? 2. Describe the Patriot strategy that led to the British defeat at Yorktown. 1. Using Marion and Greene as examples, explain how the Americans used effective defense strategies against the British. c. Independence Won The American Revolution established the United States as an independent nation and gave it new power and territory. 1. What were the reasons for the American victory over Britain? 2. How was a new national government established? 3. How did the American Revolution affect other countries? 1. Treaty of Paris (1783) 2. legislative 3. executive 4. judicial 5. republic 6. Article of Confederation 7. ratify 1. Joseph Brant 2. Newfoundland 3. Novia Scotia 4. Quebec 1. List and explain the reasons why the United States defeated Britain in the Revolutionary War? 2. Why did Americans want to limit the power of the new national government?
1. Do you agree with the idea that there are fundamental laws so basic they should not be changed by lawmakers? Explain. d. The Confederation: Successes and Problems Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress passed laws to deal with western lands, but it lacked the power to deal with other problems. 1. How did the Confederation Congress organize lands north of the Ohio? 2. What kinds of problems faced the Confederation Congress? 1. Northwest Territory 2. ordinance 3. survey 4. Northwest Ordinance 5. republicansim 1. Daniel Boone 2. Wilderness Road 1. Under the Northwest Ordinance, how could a region become a state? 2. In what ways did American society move toward equality? 1. How were the values expressed in Congress's plans for the Northwest Territory similar to values that had been fought for in the American Revolution? 3. Creating the Constitution a. The Call for Change Political leaders assembled in Philadelphia in 1787 to work out a plan to strengthen the national goverment. 1. Why did the farmers in Massachusetts rebel against the authorities? 2. Why did some American of the mid-1780's want changes in their government? 3. What were the men like who gathered to restructure the national government? 1. Shay's Rebellion 2. convention 3. Constitutional Convention 4. Founding Fathers 1. Alexander Hamilton 2. James Madison 3. George Washington 1. What problems led to the call for a constitutional convention? 2. In what ways were the delegates to the convention similar in outlook and experience? 1. Many Americans feared that if people took the law into their own hands, the result would be tyranny. Explain how this could have happened. b. Conflict and Compromise The delegates to the constitutional convention worked out a new form of government. 1. What was the basic structure of government adopted by the constitutional convention? 2. Why did states disagree about the make-up of the legislative branch? 3. Why is the Constitution a document of compromise? 1. compromise 2. impeach
3. Electoral college 1. Edmund Randolph 2. William Paterson 3. Roger Sherman 1. What debates did the great compromise settle? 2. How was the president to be chosen? 1. Using the Three-Fifths compromise as an example, explain why compromise might not always be the best solution. c. Ratifying the Constitution After much debate, the states approved the Constitution with the understanding that a bill of rights would be added to protect individual liberties. 1. How did the Constitution become law? 2. What were the concerns of the opponents of the Constitution? 3. How did supporters of the Constitution compromise in order to win its approval? 1. Federalism 2. Federalist 3. Antifederalist 1. Patrick Henry 2. Alexander Hamilton 3. New Hampshire 1. In what way is a federal system of government a mixed government? 2. What were the two main reasons for opposition to the constitution? 1. How did the Antifederalists have an impact on the Constitution? d. A More Perfect Union The Constitution created a strong and balanced government with flexibility to adjust to the nation's growth and changing needs. 1. How is power divided within the federal government and between the states and the federal government? 2. What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights? 3. How does the Constitution provide for change? 1. Separation fo powers 2. Checks and balances 3. Veto 4. Bill of Rights 5. amednment 6. due process 7. Cabinet II. 1. What powers do the states and federal government share? 2. What does the Bill of Rights protect? 3. How can the Constitution be changed/ 1. Checks and balances discourage officials from acting rapidly. How might this be an advantage? How might it be a drawback? Government/ Civics A. Building the Nation (1789-1840) *Unit 4 1. Launching a New Government
a. The Government Takes Shape President Washington and his Treasury Secretary, Alexander Hamilton, designed financial policies taht would strengthen the credit and authority of the government. b. Maintaining the Peace c. The Federalists in Charge d. Jefferson Takes Office 2. Expanding and Defending Boundaries a. Beyond the Mississippi b. Exploring the Far West c. The War of 1812 3. The Expanding Nation a. A Spirit of Nationalism b. The Industrial Revolution
III. IV. (4) People and places (5) Comrehension c. The Changing South Growth & The West A. Expansion and Change (1810-1860) *Unit 5 1. The Age of Jackson a. A New Kind of Politics b. Jackson's Harsh Indian Policy c. Sectional Divisions d. Prosperity and Panic 2. Changes in American Life a. The Impact of Immigration b. A Spirit of Reform c. The call for Equality d. A new American Culture 3. The Westward Movement a. Changes in the Spanish Borderlands b. The Texas Revolution c. Across a Continent d. The Mexican War e. The California Gold Rush Civil war/ Reconstruction A. The Nation Divided and Rebuilt (1850-1896) *Unit 6 1. The Nation Breaking Apart a. Growing Differences Between North and South b. The Crisis Deepens c. The Drums of War 2. The Civil War a. Preparing for Battle b. The Agony of War c. Turning the Tide d. The Union Victorious 3. Rebuilding the South a. The Challenge of Freedom b. Radical Reconstruction c. The End of Reconstruction V. Industrialization A. America Transformed (1860-1920) *Unit 7 1. An Industrial Society a. The Age of Railroads b. New Industries, New Inventions c. The Rise of Big Business d. Organizing Workers 2. The Rise of American Cities a. Growing Immigration from Europe b. New Life in the Promised Land c. City Growth and Change d. A New City Culture 3. Forces Shaping a New West a. Changes Come to the West b. Indian Wars c. Cowboys and Ranchers
VI. VII. d. Farming The Plains 4. Politics and Reform a. A Deadlock In National Politics b. Unrest in Rural America c. Roosevelt the Progressive d. The Progressive Reforms Immigration Progressivism