Varieties of American Nationalism Chapter 8: History 103
Boom to Bust post war boom leads to Panic of 1819 Why did the Panic of 1819 occur?
Banking and Currency 1811: First Bank of the United States expired and not renewed Issues with State Banks - Individual bank notes - Backed by gold/silver? - Reputation of banks = value 1816: Second Bank of the United States same as 1791 bank with more capital
Manufacturing in the Colonies Textile Industry successful producers of yarn & thread Francis Cabot Lowell - Massachusetts - 1813 Boston Manufacturing Company ***First mill to spin & weave under single roof*** British flooded market with cloth sold below cost tariffs to protect infant industries
National Transportation National Road most pressing economic need Steamboat Travel mainly on Ohio and Mississippi River(s) 1807: Albert Gallatin - Ohio land sales - road from Ohio to Potomac Cumberland to Wheeling still had travel issues 1. Large amounts of goods 2. Crossing rivers 3. Time to transport Rice: 3x s $$ in NY vs. Charleston Flous: 4x s $$ in Boston vs. Richmond
Encouraging Internal Improvements great importance of establishing throughout our country the roads and canals which can be best executed under the natural authority. - James Madison Internal Improvements Bill - financed through the bank of the United States - vetoed by Madison on his final day in office
Go west young man Old America seems to be breaking up and moving westward. - English Observer migrations to the west were probably the most important development of the 20th Century in America
Go west young man Why expand? 1. Continued growth of population 2. Eastern agricultural lands were occupied 3. Attractiveness of the West to settlers Routes to the West 1. Ohio/Monogahela River 2. Float to Cincinnati 3. Overland to the West
Plantation System in the Southwest main attraction was cotton Black Belt dark, productive soil in Alabama/Mississippi 1) Small farmers clear the land 2) Plantation owners buy the land
Trapping/Trading in Far West John Jacob Astor American Fur Company Astoria, OR Columbia River Rocky Mountain Fur Company salaried workers for Ashley Brothers 2/3 married Mexican or Native American women
Eastern View of the West Stephen H. Long government hired explorer explored: Platte River (Nebraska & Colorado) Arkansas River (Kansas) Great American Desert accurate description of Indian culture
5. James Monroe D-R (VA)
Era of Good Feelings period of relative stability and movement away from partisanship Monroe Cabinet Selection northerners & southerners, easterners & westerners Democratic-Republicans & Federalists Goodwill Tour 1820 Election
The Virginia Dynasty Jefferson, Madison, Monroe How did one state gain so much control over the executive? 1787 - slavery pushed to back burner 3/5 Compromise = more electoral votes 40% of white population 47% of Electoral College
The Brilliant Secretary of State John Quincey Adams expansion of the United States territory Adams-Onis Treaty Florida to United States Texas to Spain Treaty of 1818 US & Great Britain Oregon Territory joint occupation 49th Parallel Monroe Doctrine
James Tallmadge (NY) 1. Missouri - Slave 2. Maine - Free 3. No slavery above 36 30 Missouri Compromise of 1820 Question over Missouri statehood
Supporting Latin America all of Latin America revolting against Spanish US was first state to recognize independence movements 1815: American neutrality in the wars supplies to rebels 1822: Diplomatic relations with La Plata (Argentina) A state becomes a state when it is Chile recognized as a state by other states Peru Colombia Mexico
Monroe Doctrine Author: John Quincey Adams The American continents are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European means. Our policy in regard to Europe is not to interfere in internal concerns of any of its powers. established preeminence of American power in the western hemisphere
CJ John Marshall 4th Chief Justice 1801-1835 1. Strengthend Judicial Branch 2. Weakened Executive/Legislative Powers 3. Increase Federal Government Power 4. property owners, commercial class
The Marshall Court Fletcher v. Peck (1810) Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1820) Cohens v. Virginia (1821) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Johnson v. McIntosh (1823) Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
The Corrupt Bargain no political opposition - all candidates ran as Republicans Jackson wins electoral votes (99 to 84) - not enough to win the presidency Goes to the House of Representatives 1. Crawford (sick) 2. Clay backs Adams 3. Jackson loses 4. Clay named Secretary of State
6. John Quincey Adams N-R (MA)
JQA s Presidency American System Adams & Clay - raised the protective tariff - strengthened national bank - financed internal improvements Tariff of Abominations - tariff on imported goods - increased price of raw materials angered MA, RI, & Southerners
Election of 1828 Andrew Jackson (Democratic-Republican) -Assault on privilege -Increase opportunity for the masses Coffin Handbill (murderer) Wife called a bigamist John Quincey Adams (National-Republican) -economic nationalism -remaining Federalists Accused of gross waste & extravagance Public funds to purchase gambling devices
Election of 1828