TOPIC 6: MIGRATION AND SIZE OF POPULATION Definition of Migration Migration Issues History of Migration Factors Influencing Migration Types of Migration
Definition of Migration Migration is the relatively permanent movement of people across territorial boundaries for the purpose of changing residence.
People who migrate (moving out from their original country) are commonly called migrants or emigrants. People who coming from another country into ours are called immigrants. Migration can be voluntary or involuntary (forced). Migration can be permanent or temporary.
History of Migration Migration is as old as the early civilization. The earliest migration was said to originated from Africa and later spread off to other parts of the world. Dr. Luca Cavalli-Sforza (University of Padua, Italy) research on migration Published in Journal of Nature Genetics. The results showed that a common maternal ancestors coming out of Africa existed 50,000 years ago. Migration was said occurred between the people of Ethiopia, the Arabian peninsula and India.
MAP OF THE AFRICA AND SLAVE TRADE
Types of Migration International Migration Involves movement between countries and sometimes continents. Internal Migration Takes place within a given country. -People who move only a short distance within a given geographical area are not usually considered migrants; they are simply movers. -Migrants must cross some established territorial boundary, like a state line or national border.
Types of Migration and Examples Types Regional Rural to urban (urbanization) Urban to rural (suburbanization) International migration Seasonal migration Permanent migration Local Example Change of job or workplace. Seeking employment. Seeking better environment. Various reasons like seeking for a better employment, avoiding instability of political situation. Related to agriculture and animal husbandry eg. nomads in the desert, communities in highlands. Political asylum, marriage, work. Zone to zone in a district (moving houses).
Factors Influencing Migration Push Factors Poor Medical care. Not enough jobs. Few opportunities. Primitive Conditions Political fear Fear of torture and mistreatment Religious discrimination Loss of wealth Natural Disasters Bullying Lower chances of finding courtship Pull Factors Chances of getting a job Better living standards Enjoyment Education Better Medical Care Security Family Links Lower crime Better chances of finding courtship
PELARIAN ROHINGYA
PELARIAN VIETNAM DI PULAU BIDONG
World s Migration Overview A country s annual rate of net migration is determined by subtracting the number of out-migrants for that year from the number of in-migrants. The rate may be either positive or negative, depending on whether the country gains or loses migrants. A migration stream is a large number of people moving in the same direction. Major migration streams in history have been fro Europe to North America and Australia, from Africa to North and South America because of the slave trade, from Asia to North America and East and South Africa, and from Latin America to North America.
Today, the principal destinations of migrants are North America and Western Europe, largely because of greater economic opportunity or freedom from political persecution or both. Western European countries are looking for ways to bar the door to immigrants because they are being flooded by people fleeing poverty and political unrest in Africa, Eastern Europe and South Asia. In 1992, some 438,000 people applied for political asylum in Germany alone. As the richest European nation and one with a generous policy toward political refugees, Germany has had the greatest influx of migrants.
In 1990, some 19.7 million residents of the United States were foreign-born. As recently as the 1950s, two-thirds of all immigrants came from Europe and Canada currently, the majority are from Latin America and the Caribbean and Asia, especially the Philippines, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, South Korea and Japan. In the 1980s large numbers of people fled to the United States because of poverty and oppression in Haiti, communist repression in Cuba and Poland, guerrilla warfare in Central America and serious economic downturns in Mexico and the Philippines. This influx caused some experts to conclude that the United States biggest import is people, with about 450,000 arriving legally every year and another 1.5 million entering the country illegally.
Migration Issues Top 10 Migration Issues 2012 Issue #1: Migration flows rise, Diversify as global economy stumbles towards recovery. Issue #2: Obama administration action benefitting dreamers a game-changer in US immigration debate. Issue #3: Anti-immigrant rhethoric just one of several campaign messages for far-right parties. Issue #4: Forced migration: No resolution in sight for Syrians, violent outbreaks displace thousands across African continent. Issue #5: The stars maybe aligning for break in long running stalemate over major US Immigration policy reform. Issue #6: 2012 proved a year of migration management headaches in the European Union. Issue #7: Government crack down on student visa fraud. Issue #8: Major immigration countries take a crack at addressing thorny issue of immigrant detention. Issue #9: International student mobility rises and countries seek to capitalized. Issue #10: As migration of unaccompanied minors endures and in some cases rises, government seek to respond.
Please find full article at: http://www.migrationinformation.org/pdf/mis-top-10-migration- Issues-2012.pdf