Slide 1 Welcome to 7 th Grade Texas History! Natural Texas and People Age of Contact Spanish Colonial Mexican National Revolution and Republic Early Statehood Texas in the Civil War and Reconstruction Texas Missions Continued September 18th, 2017 Slide 2 I CAN Analyze missions and presidios from a cultural perspective. Discuss life on missions Analyze the success of missions based on Native American reaction to Spanish settlement. TEKS 1B,C; 2B; 21A,B,C,D,E; 22 C,D Natural Texas and People Age of Contact Spanish Colonial Mexican National Revolution and Republic When you see this pencil symbol, that s your cue to jot down some good notes. Early Statehood Texas in the Civil War and Reconstruction Slide 3 Diagram of a Mission
Slide 4 Video: Model of a Mission http://safeshare.tv/w/avtgzocgqa Slide 5 What was life like in the Missions? Women wove cloth or made pottery, while men worked in the fields or did carpentry. Children attended school. In the evenings, adults received religious instruction and had prayers. There was plenty of food. Native Americans learned to speak Spanish. The missions provided good shelter for Native Americans. Do you think the Native Americans wanted to be in the missions? Why or why not? Slide 6 Video: A tour of Spanish Missions. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2fr6dw48xq
Slide 7 Mission vs. Presidio A presidio was usually built next to the mission. Presidios were military outposts where soldiers could stand guard and see long distances. How did presidios help keep missions safe? Slide 8 Presidio Los Adaes After war broke out between France and Spain in 1719, the Spanish set up a large presidio in Louisiana. This presidio, Los Adaes, became the capital of Texas for almost 50 years. San Antonio, Goliad, Los Adaes, and Nacogdoches were the most important civilian settlements in Spanish Texas. By 1772 San Antonio was the largest settlement and served as the capital. Slide 9 Presidio San Antonio de Bexar In the spring of 1718, an expedition constructed a forttown, Presidio San Antonio de Béxar, on one side of the San Antonio River. Across the river, Father Olivares founded Mission San Antonio de Valero, and its mission chapel is now known as the Alamo. Today this area is the city of San Antonio.
Slide 10 Presidio La Bahía, Goliad, Texas San Antonio, Goliad, Los Adaes, and Nacogdoches were the most important civilian settlements in Spanish Texas. Let s take a closer look at the Goliad Presidio: https://youtu.be/67e6jsnzpjs Slide 11 The formation of a new culture Soldiers faced hardships protecting the missions and nearby settlements. Most soldiers were also settlers who brought their families to the military towns and farmed for a living. The population of the region increased and included Anglos, Spaniards, mestizos, and African Americans. By the end of the 1700s, a Tejano character was taking shape in Texas. Slide 12 Were the Missions Successful? Not really Most Native Americans resented the missionaries, who were viewed as intruders on their hunting grounds. Native Americans would often come to a mission for food or shelter, but they would not stay very long. Most Native Americans refused to abandon their way of life.
Slide 13 Discussion WHY DO YOU THINK THE SPANISH MISSIONAIRIES CONTINUED THEIR WORK IN EAST TEXAS AND ON THE PLAINS WHEN MANY PEOPLE THERE RESENTED THEM? Slide 14 Welcome to 7 th Grade Texas History! Natural Texas and People Age of Contact Spanish Colonial Mexican National Revolution and Republic Early Statehood Texas in the Civil War and Reconstruction Spanish Texas September 20th, 2017 Slide 15 I CAN describe reasons why Spanish missions in East Texas closed. explain the importance of the Adams-Onis Treaty. state Spanish contributions to the American Revolution. identify important individuals and their impact on Spanish Texas during the late 1700s and early 1800s. TEKS: 7.1A, 7.2C Natural Texas and People Age of Contact Spanish Colonial Mexican National Revolution and Republic When you see this pencil symbol, that s your cue to jot down some good notes. Early Statehood Texas in the Civil War and Reconstruction
Slide 16 Spain Acquires Louisiana Great Britain & France had been in a war called The Seven Years War. Quick look up: What can you tell me about The Seven Years War? What it meant for Texas: France was no longer a colonial power in North America, so Spanish officials questioned whether the East Texas missions and presidios were still needed. Slide 17 Spain closes east Texas missions The Spanish government sent the Marques de Rubi, a Spanish officer, to investigate the need for missions. Spain had neither the wealth nor the power to defend its missions. Rubi suggested that Spain abandon all its missions in Texas except those at San Antonio and Goliad (La Bahia). Then Spain could concentrate on forming alliances with the Comanches. Both would fight the Apaches. What is an alliance? Slide 18 Marques de Rubi s Recommendations Spain should form an alliance with the Comanche against the Apaches. Spanish settlers in East Texas should move closer to San Antonio for protection. Make a prediction: Do you think the Spanish settlers in East Texas would want to move closer to San Antonio for protection? Red X for NO Green check for YES
Slide 19 Nacogdoches founded The leader of the East Texans who were forced to move to San Antonio, Gil Ybarbo, pleaded for permission for the families to return to their former homes. In early 1779, Ybarbo, without government approval, led the settlers back into the East Texas timberlands. They built the town of Nacogdoches near the abandoned Mission Guadalupe. Nacogdoches was deep in the Piney Woods. Because they were isolated, they developed a more independent way of life. Slide 20 Settlers Face Many Dangers Spain tried to colonize Texas throughout the late 1700s, but conflict with Apaches and Comanche interfered. Governor Ripperda was anxious to make the province safe for settlers but did not have the troops to do this. Slide 21 Breakout Room There is not an instant by day or night when reports do not arrive from all the ranches of barbarities and disorders falling on us. Totally unprotected as we are, they will result in the absolute destruction and loss of this province. Group Interpretation: What did Governor Domingo Cabello mean when he said this? Work with your group to put the quote in your own words.
Slide 22 Spain stopped funding the Texas missions In the 1790s, Spain stopped funding the Texas missions. The Spanish government insisted that the churches support themselves. In the government s view, the missions had already succeeded in transforming the mission-based Native Americans into good citizens. Do you agree? Slide 23 Spain helps the American Colonists While the Spanish were wrestling with the problems in Texas, Americans east of the Mississippi River were fighting for independence from Great Britain. During the American Revolution, both France and Spain supported the colonists. Slide 24 Peace Treaty After the American Revolution, British and American leaders signed a peace treaty in 1783: 1. Great Britain recognized the United States as an independent nation. The new nation s boundaries were set. 2. Spain s claim to Florida was reconfirmed, and both the United States and Great Britain were granted trading rights on the Mississippi River.
Slide 25 The United States buys Louisiana In 1800, Spain was forced to give Louisiana back to France. Three years later, the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for about $15 million. The territory doubled the size of the United States. Slide 26 Disputes about boundaries For several years, Spanish and American authorities argued about the boundary. Finally, they compromised. Neither Spain nor the United States would occupy the area between the Sabine River and the Arroyo Hondo-Calcasieu line. This territory became the Neutral Ground. Make a prediction: What would become of the Neutral Ground??? Slide 27 Neutral Ground Between 1806 and 1819, no nation governed the Neutral Ground and it soon became a haven where smugglers and fugitives from both Spanish and American territories could escape the law. Quick Look-Up: Smugglers Fugitives
Slide 28 Adams-Onis Treaty In 1819, the United States and Spain signed the Adams-Onis Treaty, settling the boundary dispute. Spain transferred Florida to the United States and agreed to the Sabine River as the eastern boundary of Texas. In return, the United States surrendered all claims to Texas. The Neutral Ground was now in U.S. Territory and Texas still officially belonged to Spain. Slide 29 Americans migrate to Texas Many Americans migrated to Texas Some were farmers Some were traders Some were filibusters What is a filibuster when used in this list? ANSWER: A military adventurer some of them plotted to seize control of Texas. Slide 30 This Week s Course Calendar