Unauthorized Appropriations and Expiring Authorizations

JANUARY 15, 2015 Unauthorized Appropriations and Expiring Authorizations (In This Version, Appendix Material Is Sorted by House Authorizing Committee) CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES

Notes Numbers in the tables may not add up to totals because of rounding. In separate versions of this report, the public laws in the appendixes are displayed in three ways by House authorizing committee, by Senate authorizing committee, and by appropriations subcommittee. Each entry is listed only once, generally under the primary committee to which the bill was referred. CBO www.cbo.gov/publication/49871

Contents Overview 1 The Role of Authorizations 1 Listing of Unauthorized Appropriations and Expiring Authorizations 2 Programs Funded in Fiscal Year 2015 2 Authorizations of Appropriations That Expire On or Before September 30, 2015 3 About This Document 10 Appendix A: List of Programs Funded in Fiscal Year 2014 Appendix B: List of Authorizations of Appropriations Expiring During Fiscal Year 2014 Tables 1. Summary of Fiscal Year 2015 Appropriations With Expired Authorizations, by House Authorizing Committee 4 2. Summary of Fiscal Year 2015 Appropriations With Expired Authorizations, by Senate Authorizing Committee 5 3. Summary of Fiscal Year 2015 Appropriations With Expired Authorizations, by Appropriations Subcommittee 6 4. Summary of Authorizations of Appropriations Expiring On or Before September 30, 2015, by House Authorizing Committee 7 5. Summary of Authorizations of Appropriations Expiring On or Before September 30, 2015, by Senate Authorizing Committee 8 6. Summary of Authorizations of Appropriations Expiring On or Before September 30, 2015, by Appropriations Subcommittee 9 CBO

Unauthorized Appropriations and Expiring Authorizations Overview Each year, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) reports to the Congress on the following: All programs and activities funded for the current fiscal year for which authorizations of appropriations have expired, and All programs and activities for which authorizations of appropriations will expire during the current fiscal year. The requirement for that report is specified in section 202(e)(3) of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (Congressional Budget Act). 1 The Role of Authorizations The term authorization is used to describe two types of laws. One is an organic, or enabling, statute, which creates a federal agency, establishes a federal program, prescribes a federal function, or provides for a particular federal obligation or expenditure within a program. That type of authorization may allow a federal agency, program, or function to continue indefinitely or only for a specific period. Such an authorization may provide an agency with the authority to obligate and spend federal 1. See H. Rept. 99-433, p. 114 (December 10, 1985), the conference report accompanying the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, which amended the Congressional Budget Act to include the requirement for this report. The stated purpose of the requirement is to help Congress use the early months of the year to adopt authorizing legislation that must be in place before the regular appropriation bills can be considered. funds in the form of direct, or mandatory, spending, or it may simply specify a purpose for which a subsequent appropriation may be made available. This report focuses on the second type of law described by the term authorization : a specific provision that authorizes the appropriation of funds (generally providing for what is known as discretionary spending) to carry out the program or function established in the enabling statute. Such a provision constitutes guidance to the Congress regarding the amount of funding that may be necessary to implement the enabling statute. An authorization of appropriations may be contained in an enabling statute or may be provided separately. Such an authorization may set a specific dollar amount (a definite authorization) or allow the appropriation of such sums as may be necessary (an indefinite authorization), and it may be annual, multiyear, or permanent. House and Senate rules dating from the 19th century contain restrictions on the consideration of appropriations that are unauthorized. 2 Whether an appropriation is unauthorized and whether it is a violation of a House or Senate rule are determined by the Speaker of the House or the Presiding Officer of the Senate, respectively, on the basis of advice from the respective House s Office of the Parliamentarian. Although this report is intended to aid the Congress by identifying those authorizations of appropriations that have already expired or will expire this year, it is not and should not be considered definitive with respect to the application of House or Senate rules. 2. See Rule XXI of the House Rules and Manual, H. Doc. 110-162, pp. 836-891; and Rule XVI of the Standing Rules of the Senate, S. Doc. 110-9, pp. 11-12. CBO

2 UNAUTHORIZED APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPIRING AUTHORIZATIONS JANUARY 2015 Listing of Unauthorized Appropriations and Expiring Authorizations This report covers all programs funded through the annual appropriation process that at one time had an explicit authorization of appropriations that has expired (see Appendix A) or that will expire this year (see Appendix B). For the purposes of this report, an appropriation is considered unauthorized when it is made available for a program after that program s authorization of appropriations has expired. This report does not address appropriations that have never been authorized. Each listing includes the number and name of the public law containing the last authorization, the last year in which the authorization was in effect, and the amount (definite or indefinite) authorized in that year. In separate versions of this report, the listings of public laws in the appendixes are displayed in three ways by House authorizing committee, by Senate authorizing committee, and by appropriations subcommittee. Each entry is listed only once, generally under the primary committee to which the bill was referred. In general, House and Senate rules require the appropriations committees, in their reports on general appropriation bills, to identify any programs that are funded in the bills but lack an authorization including programs for which an explicit authorization of appropriations has never been enacted. This CBO report, as specified by law, is narrower in scope: It covers only programs that at one time had an explicit authorization that either has expired or is scheduled to expire this year. Many laws establish programs with an authorization of appropriations that does not expire. The reports of the appropriations committees as well as this report exclude programs with that type of permanent authorization. The information in this report is drawn from CBO s Legislative Classification System, a database containing all public laws that include nonpermanent authorizations of appropriations up to and including laws enacted during the second session of the 113th Congress. Programs Funded in Fiscal Year 2015 With Expired Authorizations of Appropriations Appendix A lists programs and activities funded by an appropriation for fiscal year 2015 whose authorization has expired. If the applicable 2015 appropriation law or its legislative history provides an explicit amount of funding for a program, that amount is shown under Unauthorized 2015 Appropriations in Appendix A. If no amount is provided (as in the case of a program or activity that is funded at an unspecified level in an appropriation account), CBO determined whether the program or activity is still being funded, and if so, how much is allocated for it. If that amount cannot be identified, the listing notes that the specific dollar amount of the unauthorized 2015 appropriation is not available. As of the publication date of this report, no full-year appropriations act has been signed into law for the Department of Homeland Security. Programs of the department normally funded through appropriations are currently funded by a continuing resolution (Division L of Public Law 113-235), which expires on February 27, 2015. Therefore, for that department, this report shows the programs with expired authorizations, but omits amounts and totals of appropriations for those programs. Lawmakers appropriated about $294 billion for fiscal year 2015 for programs and activities whose authorizations of appropriations have expired (see Tables 1, 2, and 3); in 2014, about $302 billion was appropriated for such programs. The difference stems from several factors. Recently expired authorizations, including those in the Higher Education Opportunity Act (with appropriations of $4 billion) and the Serve America Act ($0.5 billion), increased the total of unauthorized appropriations for 2015. In contrast, lawmakers enacted the Workforce Innovation Opportunity Act (P.L. 113-128) and the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-186), which, together, reauthorized programs that received about $10 billion in 2014. Because full-year appropriations have not yet been enacted for the Department of Homeland Security, the 2015 total provided above does not include any amount for its programs. In 2014, unauthorized appropriations for the department totaled $2 billion. Several large agencies or programs have expired authorizations, including the National Institutes of Health (with CBO

JANUARY 2015 UNAUTHORIZED APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPIRING AUTHORIZATIONS 3 appropriations of $29 billion for 2015), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (with appropriations of $17 billion for 2015). Some other large appropriations with expired authorizations are those for programs authorized in the Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-162, $26 billion), the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2003 (P.L. 107-228, $25 billion), the Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-276, $24 billion), and the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (P.L. 107-110, $22 billion). Authorizations of Appropriations That Expire On or Before September 30, 2015 For certain programs and activities, the authorization of appropriations will expire by the end of fiscal year 2015. Appendix B shows the amount authorized to be appropriated in 2015 for those programs and activities, not the amounts actually appropriated for that year. Definite, or specified, authorizations that will expire by the end of this fiscal year total about $648 billion (see Tables 4, 5, and 6). Most of that amount, about $577 billion, is authorized in a single law, the Carl Levin and Howard P. Buck McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (P.L. 113-291). Typically, authorizations for defense funding are renewed annually. Some other definite authorizations that are expiring at the end of 2015 are those for the Federal Aviation Administration ($12.7 billion was authorized in 2015), the Coast Guard ($8.7 billion in 2015), the Community Health Center Fund ($3.6 billion in 2015), and the Securities and Exchange Commission ($2.3 billion in 2015). Authorizations of appropriations for programs covered by the Highway and Transportation Funding Act, totaling $34.8 billion, will expire on May 31, 2015. Many of the authorizations in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act have already expired, but a number of definite (totaling $2 billion) and indefinite authorizations will expire at the end of 2015. CBO

4 UNAUTHORIZED APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPIRING AUTHORIZATIONS JANUARY 2015 Table 1. Summary of Fiscal Year 2015 Appropriations With Expired Authorizations, by House Authorizing Committee Amounts Appropriated House Committee Number of Laws a (Millions of dollars) b Agriculture 8 253 Education and the Workforce 22 40,697 Energy and Commerce 53 46,330 Financial Services 20 31,454 Foreign Affairs 22 49,960 Homeland Security 5 0 House Administration 4 81 Judiciary 33 28,742 Natural Resources 60 2,600 Oversight and Government Reform 8 154 Science, Space, and Technology 14 33,300 Small Business 3 452 Transportation and Infrastructure 29 3,522 Veterans Affairs 11 55,843 Ways and Means 4 139 Total 260 293,528 Source: Congressional Budget Office. Notes: This table shows only those committees that have jurisdiction over authorizations expiring in 2015; therefore, not all House committees are included. Full-year funding has not yet been provided for programs within the Department of Homeland Security. Funding has been provided only through February 27, 2015. Therefore, this table omits totals for the department s unauthorized appropriations. a. This column includes laws with expiring authorizations of appropriations for definite or indefinite amounts. The total is less than the sum of the entries because public laws containing authorizations that are under the jurisdiction of more than one committee are counted only once in the total. b. Amounts specified in statute, a conference report, or other legislative history. CBO

JANUARY 2015 UNAUTHORIZED APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPIRING AUTHORIZATIONS 5 Table 2. Summary of Fiscal Year 2015 Appropriations With Expired Authorizations, by Senate Authorizing Committee Amounts Appropriated Senate Committee Number of Laws a (Millions of dollars) b Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry 8 257 Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 19 31,478 Commerce, Science, and Transportation 42 32,206 Energy and Natural Resources 33 11,254 Environment and Public Works 41 5,655 Finance 6 139 Foreign Relations 21 49,960 Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions 41 77,221 Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 14 132 Human Resources 1 0 Indian Affairs 12 86 Judiciary 34 28,764 Rules and Administration 4 80 Small Business and Entrepreneurship 3 452 Veterans Affairs 11 55,843 Total 260 293,528 Source: Congressional Budget Office. Notes: This table shows only those committees that have jurisdiction over authorizations expiring in 2015; therefore, not all Senate committees are included. Full-year funding has not yet been provided for programs within the Department of Homeland Security. Funding has been provided only through February 27, 2015. Therefore, this table omits totals for the department s unauthorized appropriations. a. This column includes laws with expiring authorizations of appropriations for definite or indefinite amounts. The total is less than the sum of the entries because public laws containing authorizations that are under the jurisdiction of more than one committee are counted only once in the total. b. Amounts specified in statute, a conference report, or other legislative history. CBO

6 UNAUTHORIZED APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPIRING AUTHORIZATIONS JANUARY 2015 Table 3. Summary of Fiscal Year 2015 Appropriations With Expired Authorizations, by Appropriations Subcommittee Amounts Appropriated Appropriations Subcommittee Number of Laws a (Millions of dollars) b Agriculture, Rural Development, FDA, and Related Agencies 9 250 Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies 61 56,479 Defense 2 0 Energy and Water Development 20 6,853 Financial Services and General Government 26 1,900 Homeland Security 17 0 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies 67 6,881 Labor, HHS, Education, and Related Agencies 49 82,611 Legislative Branch 2 1 Military Construction and Veterans Affairs 11 55,843 State, Foreign Operations 24 49,949 Transportation, HUD 24 32,760 Total 260 293,528 Source: Congressional Budget Office. Notes: Full-year funding has not yet been provided for programs within the Department of Homeland Security. Funding has been provided only through February 27, 2015. Therefore, this table omits totals for the department s unauthorized appropriations. FDA = Food and Drug Administration; HHS = Health and Human Services; HUD = Housing and Urban Development. a. This column includes laws with expiring authorizations of appropriations for definite or indefinite amounts. The total is less than the sum of the entries because public laws containing authorizations that are under the jurisdiction of more than one subcommittee are counted only once in the total. b. Amounts specified in statute, a conference report, or other legislative history. CBO

JANUARY 2015 UNAUTHORIZED APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPIRING AUTHORIZATIONS 7 Table 4. Summary of Authorizations of Appropriations Expiring On or Before September 30, 2015, by House Authorizing Committee Amounts Authorized House Committee Number of Laws a (Millions of dollars) b Agriculture 2 30 Armed Sevices 1 577,457 Education and the Workforce 2 403 Energy and Commerce 7 5,778 Financial Services 4 3,190 Foreign Affairs 2 53 Intelligence 1 1,021 Judiciary 2 66 Natural Resources 5 1,739 Science, Space, and Technology 1 1 Small Business 1 5 Transportation and Infrastructure 5 56,351 Veterans Affairs 4 1,904 Total 35 647,997 Source: Congressional Budget Office. Note: This table shows only those committees that have jurisdiction over authorizations expiring in 2015; therefore, not all House committees are included. a. This column includes laws with expiring authorizations of appropriations for definite or indefinite amounts. The total is less than the sum of the entries because public laws containing authorizations that are under the jurisdiction of more than one committee are counted only once in the total. b. Amounts specified in statute, a conference report, or other legislative history. CBO

8 UNAUTHORIZED APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPIRING AUTHORIZATIONS JANUARY 2015 Table 5. Summary of Authorizations of Appropriations Expiring On or Before September 30, 2015, by Senate Authorizing Committee Amounts Authorized Senate Committee Number of Laws a (Millions of dollars) b Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry 2 30 Armed Services 1 577,457 Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 4 8,052 Commerce, Science, and Transportation 5 49,340 Energy and Natural Resources 6 1,565 Environment and Public Works 2 33 Finance 1 2,258 Foreign Relations 2 53 Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions 7 6,105 Indian Affairs 2 108 Intelligence 1 1,021 Judiciary 2 66 Small Business 1 5 Veterans Affairs 4 1,904 Total 35 647,997 Source: Congressional Budget Office. Note: This table shows only those committees that have jurisdiction over authorizations expiring in 2015; therefore, not all Senate committees are included. a. This column includes laws with expiring authorizations of appropriations for definite or indefinite amounts. The total is less than the sum of the entries because public laws containing authorizations that are under the jurisdiction of more than one committee are counted only once in the total. b. Amounts specified in statute, a conference report, or other legislative history. CBO

JANUARY 2015 UNAUTHORIZED APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPIRING AUTHORIZATIONS 9 Table 6. Summary of Authorizations of Appropriations Expiring On or Before September 30, 2015, by Appropriations Subcommittee Amounts Authorized Appropriations Subcommittee Number of Laws a (Millions of dollars) b Agriculture, Rural Development, FDA, and Related Agencies 2 30 Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies 4 205 Defense 2 553,872 Energy and Water Development 8 18,235 Financial Services and General Government 3 2,263 Homeland Security 2 8,720 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies 5 997 Labor, HHS, Education, and Related Agencies 8 6,120 Military Construction and Veterans Affairs 5 8,739 State, Foreign Operations 4 111 Transportation, HUD 7 48,706 Total 35 647,997 Source: Congressional Budget Office. Notes: This table shows only those subcommittees that have jurisdiction over appropriations with authorizations expiring in 2015; therefore, not all appropriations subcommittees are included. FDA = Food and Drug Administration; HHS = Health and Human Services; HUD = Housing and Urban Development. a. This column includes laws with expiring authorizations of appropriations for definite or indefinite amounts. The total is less than the sum of the entries because public laws containing authorizations that are under the jurisdiction of more than one subcommittee are counted only once in the total. b. Amounts specified in statute, a conference report, or other legislative history. CBO

10 UNAUTHORIZED APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPIRING AUTHORIZATIONS JANUARY 2015 About This Document This report by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) satisfies the requirements of section 202(e)(3) of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act, as amended. The report is intended to assist the Congress by identifying authorizations of appropriations that have expired or that will expire this year. The Scorekeeping Unit of CBO s Budget Analysis Division prepared this report under the direction of Janet Airis. The other members of the unit are Joanna Capps, Virginia Myers, Mark Sanford, Esther Steinbock, J nell Blanco Suchy, and Adam Wilson. Mary Froehlich of CBO and numerous staff members of Congressional committees provided assistance. Jeanine Rees edited the report and prepared it for publication. It is available on CBO s website (www.cbo.gov/publication/49871). Douglas W. Elmendorf Director January 2015 CBO

Appendix A: List of Programs Funded in Fiscal Year 2014 With Expired Authorizations of Appropriations

Page 1 House Agriculture Committee P.L. 110-246 Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 Commodity Futures Trading Commission (sec. 13104); goes to the Senate Financial Services and General Government subcommittee. FY 2013 Appropriation Authorized: 250,000,000 P.L. 109-58 Energy Policy Act of 2005 Education and outreach on biobased fuels and products (sec. 947) FY 2010 Appropriation Authorized: 1,000,000 Preprocessing and harvesting demonstration grants (sec. 946) FY 2010 Appropriation Authorized: 5,000,000 P.L. 108-465 Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004 Methyl bromide alternative research and extension activities (sec. 301; 7 U.S.C. 5925 note) FY 2009 Appropriation Authorized: 5,000,000 A fund to support emergency eradication and research activities in response to economic and health threats posed by pests and disease affecting agricultural commodities (sec. 401) FY 2009 Appropriation Authorized: 1,000,000 Agricultural Marketing Service inspection training center in Fredericksburg, Virginia (sec. 403) FY 2009 Appropriation Authorized: 1,500,000 P.L. 108-412 Noxious Weed Control and Eradication Act of 2004 Grants to weed management entities (sec. 454; 7 U.S.C. 7783) FY 2009 Appropriation Authorized: 7,500,000 Agreements with weed management entities (sec. 455) FY 2009 Appropriation Authorized: 7,500,000

Page 2 House Agriculture Committee P.L. 108-384 Brown Tree Snake Control and Eradication Act of 2004 For activities conducted through the Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Operations FY 2010 Appropriation Authorized: 2,600,000 For activities conducted through the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Methods Department FY 2010 Appropriation Authorized: 1,500,000 For the purpose of establishing quarantine protocols to stop the introduction and spread of the brown tree snake FY 2010 Appropriation Authorized: 3,000,000 Brown Tree Snake Technical Working Group FY 2010 Appropriation Authorized: 450,000 P.L. 108-148 Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 Program to monitor and inventory forest stands and to improve disease detection and response (sec. 601, 16 U.S.C. 6591) FY 2008 Appropriation Authorized: 5,000,000 Insect infestation and related diseases: developing basic and applied assessment programs to combat infestations, enlisting assistance of colleges and universities, and carrying out applied silvicultural assessments (sec. 406, 16 U.S.C. 6554) FY 2008 Appropriation Authorized: P.L. 108-7 Consolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003 Loans and grants for Alaska's dairy industry and related milk processing and packaging facilities (div. A, sec. 751) FY 2007 Appropriation Authorized: 5,000,000 P.L. 103-106 National Forest Foundation Act Amendments of 1993 Start-up and matching funding; project expenses for the foundation (sec. 3(b), 16 U.S.C. 583j-8) FY 1997 Appropriation Authorized: 1,000,000 3,000,000

Page 3 House Committee on Education and the Workforce P.L. 111-358 America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 Teacher assistance; grants to enable recipients to develop and implement programs to provide courses of study in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, or critical foreign languages that are integrated with teacher education and lead to a baccalaureate degree concurrent with teacher certification (sec. 1003(a), 20 U.S.C 9813,9816)) FY 2013 Appropriation Authorized: 2,000,000 Teacher assistance; grants to eligible recipients that enable the partnerships served by eligible recipients to develop and implement two-to-three year part-time masters programs in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, or critical foreign languages for teachers to enhance content knowledge; programs for professionals that lead to a one year master's degree with teacher certification (sec. 1003(a), 20 U.S.C 9814,9816)) FY 2013 Appropriation Authorized: 2,000,000 Advanced placement and international programs, and programs for Master's Degrees; grants to eligible recipients who will carry out activities designed to increase the number of qualified teachers serving high need schools and who are teaching advanced placement or international baccalaureate courses in mathematics, science, or critical foreign languages (sec. 1003(b)) FY 2013 Appropriation Authorized: 75,000,000 Grants to promote better alignment of content knowledge requirements for secondary school graduation with the knowledge and skills needed to succeed in postsecondary education, the 21st century workforce, or the Armed Forces; to establish or improve a statewide P-16 education data system (sec. 1003(c)) FY 2013 Appropriation Authorized: 120,000,000 P.L. 111-280 The WIPA and PABSS Reauthorization Act of 2010 Work Incentives Planning and Assistance Program for disseminating information to disabled beneficiaries on programs and issues (created in P.L. 106-170) (sec. 1149) FY 2011 Appropriation Authorized: 23,000,000 23,000,000 State grants for work incentives assistance to disabled beneficiaries of Social Security (created in P.L. 106-170) (sec. 1150) FY 2011 Appropriation Authorized: 7,000,000 7,000,000

Page 4 House Committee on Education and the Workforce P.L. 111-152 Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 Technical assistance to institutions of higher education for participation in the loan programs (sec. 2212(b)(2)(D), 20 U.S.C. 1087h(a)) FY 2010 Appropriation Authorized: 50,000,000 Assistance to loan servicers for retaining jobs at U.S. locations where such servicers were operating under Part B on January 1, 2010 (sec. 2212(b)(2)(D, 20 U.S.C. 1087h(a)) FY 2011 Appropriation Authorized: 25,000,000

Page 5 House Committee on Education and the Workforce P.L. 111-13 Serve America Act Learn and Serve America: programs for elementary and secondary schools to promote service learning (subtitle B of title I) National Service Trust Program and provision of national service educational awards (subtitles C and D of title I) 209,618,000 National civilian community corps (Subtitle E of Title I) 30,000,000 Investment for quality and innovation: additional corporation activities to support national service, including ServeAmerica Fellowships, National Service Reserve Corps, the Social Innovation Fund pilot program, national service program clearinghouses, Volunteer Generation Fund, and the Nonprofit Capacity Building Program (subtitle H of title I) Administration of the Serve America Act National volunteer antipoverty programs in the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973: Volunteers in service to America (part A of title I) 92,364,000 National volunteer antipoverty programs in the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973: special volunteer programs (part C of title I) National senior service corps in the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973: retired and senior volunteer program (part A of title II) 48,903,000 National senior service corps in the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973: foster grandparent program 107,702,000

Page 6 House Committee on Education and the Workforce P.L. 111-13 Serve America Act (Continued) National senior service corps in the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973: Senior Companion Program 45,512,000 National senior service corps (Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973): demonstration programs National Volunteer Antipoverty Programs (sec. 5081) and National Senior Service Corps (sec. 5082): administration and coordination P.L. 110-378 Reconnecting Homeless Youth Act of 2008 Basic center grant program, transitional living grant program, national communications system, and coordinating training research and other activities (sec. 11) FY 2013 Appropriation Authorized: 97,000,000 Sexual abuse prevention program (part E) FY 2013 Appropriation Authorized: Periodic report of incidence and prevalence of youth homelessness (part D, sec. 345) FY 2013 Appropriation Authorized:

Page 7 House Committee on Education and the Workforce P.L. 110-315 Higher Education Opportunity Act Promoting postbaccalaureate opportunities for Hispanic americans through grants to eligible institutions (sec. 505, 20 U.S.C. 1103c(a)(1)) 8,992,000 Grants to Hispanic-serving institutions of higher education to assist with planning, developing, and carrying out programs to improve and expand the institutions' capacity to serve Hispanic students and other low-income students (sec. 505, 20 U.S.C. 1103a(a)(2)) 100,231,000 International and foreign language studies programs (sec. 609, 20 U.S.C.1128b) 72,164,000 Business and international education programs (sec. 611, 20 U.S.C.1130b) Institute for International Public Policy (sec. 620, 20 U.S.C. 1131(f)) Jacob K. Javits Fellowship Program (sec. 702, 20 U.S.C. 1134D) 30,000,000 Graduate assistance in the areas of national needs: student stipends and institutional payments to support students studying in an area of designated national need (sec. 703, 20 U.S.C. 1135e) 35,000,000 29,293,000 Thurgood Marshall Legal Educational Opportunity Program (sec 704, 20 U.S.C. 1136(h)) 5,000,000 Master's degree programs at historically black colleges and universities and predominantly black institutions: grants to eligible institutions that are making a substantial contribution to graduate education opportunities (sec. 706, 20 U.S.C. 1136c)

Page 8 House Committee on Education and the Workforce P.L. 110-315 Higher Education Opportunity Act (Continued) Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (sec. 707, 20 U.S.C. 1138D) 67,775,000 Educating students with disabilities: demonstration projects to support postsecondary faculty, staff, and administration in providing a quality postsecondary education (sec. 761, 20 U.S.C. 1140e) Programs for students with intellectual disabilities to transition into higher education: grants to enable institutions to create or expand high-quality inclusive-model comprehensive transition and postsecondary programs for students with intellectual disabilities (sec. 766, 20 U.S.C. 1140i) 11,800,000 Commission on Accessible Materials: establishment of the Advisory Commission on Accessible Instructional Materials in Postsecondary Education for students with disabilities, and for model demonstration programs to support improved access to postsecondary instructional materials for students with print disabilities (sec. 771, 20 U.S.C. 1140o) National Center for Information and Technical Support for Postsecondary Students with Disabilities: coordinating center for institutions of higher education that offer inclusive comprehensive transition and postsecondary programs for students with intellectual disabilities (sec. 776, 20 U.S.C. 1140r) Project GRAD: five year contract to a nonprofit education organization whose purpose is the improvement of secondary school graduation and postsecondary attendance and completion rates for low-income students (sec. 801, 20 U.S.C. 1161a) Mathematics and science scholars program: grants to states to encourage secondary through postsecondary students to pursue a rigorous course of study in science, technology, engineering, mathematics or a health-related field (sec. 802, 20 U.S.C. 1161b)

Page 9 House Committee on Education and the Workforce P.L. 110-315 Higher Education Opportunity Act (Continued) Business workforce partnerships for job skill training in high-growth occupations and industries: grants to institutions of higher education partnering with employers to provide job skills to nontraditional students and strengthen degree credit offering for job experience (sec. 803, 20 U.S.C. 1161c) Capacity for nursing students and faculty: grants to institutions of higher education to expand to accommodate more students and to accommodate advanced practice degrees (sec. 804, 20 U.S.C. 1161d) American history for freedom: grants to institutions of higher education for the establishment or expansion of programs in traditional American history, the history and nature of free institutions, and the history and achievements of Western civilization (sec. 805, 20 U.S.C. 1161e) Teach for America: grant to Teach for America, Inc., to reach underserved communities in the United States with teachers and to expand its program of recruiting, selecting, training, and supporting new teachers (sec. 806, 20 U.S.C. 1161f) Patsy T. Mink Fellowship Program: fellowship awards to assist highly qualified minorities and women to acquire doctoral degrees or the highest possible degrees available in academic areas in which such individuals are underrepresented (sec. 807, 20 U.S.C. 1161g) Improving college enrollment by secondary schools: grant to a nonprofit organization with demonstrated expertise in increasing school wide postsecondary enrollment rates in low-income communities and in a postsecondary education transition data management system (sec. 808, 20 U.S.C. 1161h) Early childhood education professional development and career task force: grants to states to establish state task forces and to support their activities (sec. 811, 20 U.S.C. 1161i-7)

Page 10 House Committee on Education and the Workforce P.L. 110-315 Higher Education Opportunity Act (Continued) Increase college persistence and success: pilot programs for competitive grants to eligible institutions to develop programs that increase the persistence and success of low-income college students (sec. 820, 20 U.S.C. 1161k) Student safety and campus emergency management: grants to eligible institutions or consortia of institutions of higher education to pay the federal share of the costs to improve student safety and campus emergency management (sec. 821, 20 U.S.C. 1161l) Education disaster and emergency relief loan program: to establish an education disaster and emergency relief loan program for institutions of higher education affected by a major disaster or an emergency declared by the president (sec. 824, 20 U.S.C. 11611-3) Incentives and rewards for low tuition and guaranteed tuition: grants and rewards for institutions working to keep tuition low, or institutions that provide guaranteed tuition (sec. 830, 20 U.S.C. 1161m) Cooperative education and grants for cooperative education: grants to encourage institutions of higher education to develop and make available to their students work experience that will aid them in careers and that will enable students to support themselves financially while in school (sec. 833, 20 U.S.C. 1161n-2,4) Cooperative education, demonstration and innovation projects, training and resource centers, and research: grants and contracts for demonstration and innovative projects to determine the effectiveness of innovation in cooperative education, training and resource centers for those involved in cooperative education, and research relating to cooperative education (sec. 834, 20 U.S.C. 1161n-3,4) College partnership grants: grants to eligible partnerships for developing and implementing articulation agreements (sec. 841, 20 U.S.C. 1161o)

Page 11 House Committee on Education and the Workforce P.L. 110-315 Higher Education Opportunity Act (Continued) Grants to create bridges from jobs to careers: grants for improving developmental education to help students move into for-credit occupational courses and into better jobs that may require a certificate or degree (sec. 851, 20 U.S.C. 1161p) Rural development grants for rural-serving colleges and universities: grants to improve postsecondary enrollment rates, increase enrollment rates for nontraditional students, create or strengthen academic programs, and provide additional career training (sec. 861, 20 U.S.C. 1161q) Campus-based digital theft prevention: grants to develop, implement and improve programs to prevent campus-based digital theft (sec. 871, 20 U.S.C. 1161r) Training for real-time writers: grants to entities to promote the training and placement of individuals as real-time writers in order to meet the requirements for closed captioning of video programming (sec. 872, 20 U.S.C. 1161s) Centers of excellence for veteran student success: grants to develop and encourage model programs to support veteran student success in postsecondary education by coordinating services that address the academic, financial, physical, and social needs of students who are veterans (sec. 873, 20 U.S.C. 1161t) Grants for university sustainability programs: grants to establish sustainability programs that design and implement sustainability practices and to integrate campus operations with multidisciplinary academic programs (sec. 881, 20 U.S.C. 1161u) Modeling and simulation programs: establish a task force to raise awareness and define the study of modelling and simulation, to provide grants to develop new programs, and to provide grants that enhance existing programs (sec. 891, 20 U.S.C. 1161v)

Page 12 House Committee on Education and the Workforce P.L. 110-315 Higher Education Opportunity Act (Continued) Path to Success, community support for at-risk youth: grants to community colleges to enter into and maintain partnerships with juvenile detention centers and secure facilities to provide assistance, services, and education to eligible individuals who reenter the community and pursue a certificate of completion or associates degree (sec. 892, 20 U.S.C. 1161w) School of veterinary medicine competitive grant program: grants from the Secretary of Health and Human Services for improving public health preparedness by increasing the number of veterinarians in the workforce (sec. 893, 20 U.S.C. 1161x) Early federal Pell grant commitment demonstration program: grants to four states for administering and carrying out a demonstration program under which eighth grade students receive a commitment to receive a federal Pell grant (sec. 894, 20 U.S.C. 1161y) Henry Kuualoha Giugni Kupuna Memorial Archives: grant to the University of Hawaii Academy for Creative Media for the establishment, maintenance, and periodic modernization of the archives (sec. 895, 20 U.S.C. 1161z) Master's degree programs: grants to institutions that make contributions to master's degree programs at historically black colleges and universities and institutions; in addition to amounts authorized under sec. 725 (sec. 897, 20 U.S.C. 1161aa) 11,500,000 Post baccalaureate opportunities for Hispanic Americans: grants to eligible institutions to promote post baccalaureate opportunities for Hispanic Americans; in addition to funds authorized in sec. 505 (sec. 898, 20 U.S.C. 1161aa-1) 11,500,000 Establishment of a national center for research in advanced information and digital technologies (Sec. 802, 20 U.S.C. 9631)

Page 13 House Committee on Education and the Workforce P.L. 110-315 Higher Education Opportunity Act (Continued) Course materials pilot program: grants to institutions of higher education to support pilot programs that expand the services of bookstores to provide the option for students to rent course materials in order to achieve savings for students (sec. 803, 20 U.S.C. 1015b note) FY 2010 Appropriation Authorized: Cultural experiences grants: grants to and contracts and cooperative agreements with eligible entities to support cultural experiences for deaf and hard of hearing children and adults (sec. 904, 20 U.S.C. 4341) Education of the deaf: funds for Gallaudet University, Kendall Demonstration Elementary School, and the Model Secondary School for the Deaf (sec. 914, 20 U.S.C. 4360a(a)) 120,275,000 Education of the deaf: National Technical Institute for the Deaf (sec. 914, 20 U.S.C. 4360a(b)) 67,016,000 Grants to states for workplace and community transition training for incarcerated individuals: grants to state correctional education agencies to assist and encourage incarcerated individuals who have obtained a secondary school diploma or the equivalent to acquire educational job skills (sec. 922, 20 U.S.C. 1151i) Underground Railroad educational and cultural program (sec. 933, 20 U.S.C. 1153(c)) 3,000,000 Olympic scholarships (sec. 934, 20 U.S.C. 1070 note) Tribally Controlled College or University Assistance Act: grants to eligible institutions (sec.941(g), 25 U.S.C. 1810(a))

Page 14 House Committee on Education and the Workforce P.L. 110-315 Higher Education Opportunity Act (Continued) Tribally Controlled College or University Assistance Act: technical assistance contracts (sec. 941(g), 25 U.S.C. 1810(a)) 3,200,000 Tribally Controlled College or University Assistance Act: grants for construction of new facilities (sec. 941(g), 25 U.S.C. 1810(a)) Tribally Controlled College or University Assistance Act: endowment program reauthorization (sec. 941(h), 25 U.S.C. 1836(a)) Tribally Controlled College or University Assistance Act: tribal economic development reauthorization (sec. 941(i), 25 U.S.C. 1852) Navajo Nation Higher Education Act of 2008: grants to Dine' College for maintenance and operations and new construction (sec. 945, 25 U.S.C. 6406c-1) Prosecutors and Public Defenders Incentive Act (sec. 952): for the Attorney General to establish a program by which the Department of Justice would assume the obligation to repay student loans 2,000,000 Minority Serving Institution Digital and Wireless Technology Opportunity Program (sec. 971) FY 2012 Appropriation Authorized: Higher education drug and alcohol prevention: grants to institutions of higher education or consortia of such; enter into contracts with such institutions, consortia, and other organizations to develop, implement, operate, improve, and disseminate programs of prevention; and education (including treatment referral) to reduce and eliminate the illegal use of drugs and alcohol and the violence associated with such use (sec. 107)

Page 15 House Committee on Education and the Workforce P.L. 110-315 Higher Education Opportunity Act (Continued) State higher education information system pilot program: a pilot program for five states to improve and generate student data and to minimize the data reporting burden on institutions of higher education (sec. 115) Enhancing teacher education (title II, part B): a program to prepare teachers for digital-age learners; the Augustus F. Hawkins Centers of Excellence; a program to prepare general education teachers to more effectively educate students with disabilities; a program to identify, recruit and train subject matter specialists in math, science or critical foreign languages to serve as adjunct content specialists; and graduate fellowships to prepare faculty at colleges of education in high-need areas (sec. 231-258) Teacher quality enhancement grants (title II, part A): grants to eligible partnerships for pre-baccalaureate preparation, teaching residency, or leadership development programs (sec. 209, 20 U.S.C. 1022h) FY 2011 Appropriation Authorized: 40,592,000 Strengthening higher education institutions: a program to improve the academic quality, institutional management, and fiscal stability of eligible institutions to increase their self-sufficiency and strengthen their capacity to make a substantial contribution to higher-education resources (sec. 319(a), 20 U.S.C. 1068h(a)(1)(A)) 80,462,000 American tribally-controlled colleges and universities: grants and related assistance to Indian Tribal Colleges and Universities to enable such institutions to improve and expand their capacity to serve Indian students (sec. 303, 20 U.S.C. 1068h(a)(1)(B)) 25,662,000 Alaska native and native Hawaiian-serving institutions: grants and related assistance to enable such institutions to improve and expand their capacity to serve those groups (sec. 304, 20 U.S.C. 1068h(a)(1)(C)) 12,833,000 Predominantly black institutions: assist predominantly black institutions in expanding educational opportunity through federal assistance (sec. 305, 20 U.S.C. 1068h(a)(1)(D)) 75,000,000 9,244,000

Page 16 House Committee on Education and the Workforce P.L. 110-315 Higher Education Opportunity Act (Continued) Native American-serving, nontribal institutions: grants and related assistance to Native American-serving, nontribal institutions to improve and expand their capacity to serve Native Americans and low-income individuals (sec. 306, 20 U.S.C. 1068h(a)(1)(E)) 3,113,000 Asian American and Native American Pacific Islanders-serving institutions: grants and related assistance to enable such institutions to improve and expand their capacity to serve those groups (sec. 307, 20 U.S.C. 1068h(a)(1)(F)) 3,113,000 Strengthening Historically Black Colleges and Universities: financial assistance to establish or strengthen the physical plants, financial management, academic resources, and endowments of historically black colleges and universities (sec. 319 (a)(2)(a), 20 U.S.C. 1068h(a)(2)(A)) Professional or graduate institutions: program grants to postgraduate institutions that create substantial opportunities for black Americans to pursue graduate education in legal, medical, dental, veterinary, and other fields within mathematics, engineering, and the physical and natural sciences (sec. 319 (a)(2)(b), 20 U.S.C. 1068h(a)(2)(B)) Endowment Challenge Grants for Eligible Institutions, Part C: a program of matching grants to eligible institutions to establish or increase endowment funds, to provide additional incentives to promote fund raising activities, and to foster the increased independence and self-sufficiency of those institutions (sec. 319(a)(3), 20 U.S.C. 1068h(a)(3)) Historically Black College and University Capital Financing: a program of federal assistance to facilitate low-cost capital basis for historically black colleges and universities (sec. 319 (a) (4)(A), 20 U.S.C. 1068h(a)(4)(A)) 19,096,000 Historically Black College and University Capital Financing: grants or contracts, and technical assistance to eligible institutions to prepare them to qualify, apply for, and maintain capital improvement loans, including loans under this part (sec. 319 (a)(4)(b), 20 U.S.C. 1068h(a)(4)(B))

Page 17 House Committee on Education and the Workforce P.L. 110-315 Higher Education Opportunity Act (Continued) Minority Science and Engineering Improvement Program: grants to institutions of higher education to make long-term improvements in science and engineering education at predominantly minority institutions and to increase the participation of underrepresented ethnic minorities, particularly minority women, in scientific and technological careers (sec. 319 (a)(5)(a), 20 U.S.C. 1068h(a)(5)(A)) 8,971,000 YES partnerships grant program: grants to partnerships to support the engagement of underrepresented minority and low-income youth in science, technology, engineering and mathematics through outreach and experimental hands-on projects (sec. 319 (a)(5)(b), 20 U.S.C. 1068h(a)(5)(B)) Federal TRIO programs: grants and contracts designed to identify qualified individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds, to prepare them for a program of postsecondary education, to provide support services for such students who are pursuing programs of postsecondary education, to motivate and prepare students for doctoral programs, and to train individuals serving or preparing for service in programs and projects so designed (sec. 403, 20 U.S.C. 1070a-11) 839,752,000 Gaining early awareness and readiness for undergraduate programs: to establish a program that encourages entities to provide support and maintain a commitment to low-income students, including those with disabilities; to assist the students in obtaining a secondary school diploma and to prepare for and succeed in postsecondary education (sec. 404, 20 U.S.C. 1070a-28) Federal supplemental educational opportunity grants: through institutions of higher education, provide supplemental grants to assist in making available the benefits of postsecondary education to qualified students who demonstrate financial need (sec. 406, 20 U.S.C. 1070b(b)) 733,130,000 Leveraging Educational Assistance Partnership Program: incentive grants to states to assist them in providing grants to eligible students attending institutions of higher education or participating in programs of study abroad that are approved for credit by institutions of higher education and to eligible students for campus-based community service work-study (sec. 407, 20 U.S.C. 1070c(b)(1))

Page 18 House Committee on Education and the Workforce P.L. 110-315 Higher Education Opportunity Act (Continued) Special programs for students whose families are engaged in migrant and seasonal farm work: to maintain and expand existing secondary and postsecondary high school equivalency programs and college assistance programs for migrant workers at institutions of higher education or at private nonprofit organizations working with institutions of higher education (sec. 408, 20 U.S.C. 1070d-2(i)) 37,474,000 Robert C. Byrd scholarship program: a program to promote student excellence and achievement and to recognize students who show promise of continued excellence (sec. 409, 20 U.S.C. 1070d-41) Child Care Access Means Parents in School Program: to support the participation of low-income parents in postsecondary education through the provision of campus-based child care services; grants to institutions of higher education to assist them with providing campus-based child care services to low-income students (sec. 410, 20 U.S.C. 1070e(g)) 15,134,000 Loan Forgiveness for Service in Areas of National Need Program: a program of loan forgiveness for a borrower who is employed full-time in an area of national need (sec. 430, 20 U.S.C. 1078-11(h)) Loan repayment for civil legal assistance attorneys: a program of assuming the obligation to repay a student loan by direct payments on behalf of the borrower to the holder of such a loan in order to encourage qualified individuals to enter and continue employment as civil legal assistance lawyers (sec. 431, 20 U.S.C. 1078-12(i)) Federal work study programs: a program to stimulate and promote the part-time employment of students who are enrolled as undergraduate, graduate, or professional students and who are in need of earnings from employment to pursue courses of study at eligible institutions, and to encourage students receiving federal student financial assistance to participate in community service activities (sec. 441, 42 U.S.C. 2751(b)) 989,728,000