APGAP Unit 3 Midterm Exam Mr. Steven Anderson, I Think Hawthorne Passed The Learning Free School Zone Act THE CONSTITUTION & FEDERALISM Part 2: Free-Response 1. Of those listed, which of the following Supreme Court cases was the first to increase the power of the federal government? a. Gibbons v. Ogden. b. Marbury v. Madison. c. McCulloch v. Maryland. d. Plessy v. Ferguson. e. Fletcher v. Peck. 2. As an opponent of a strong central government and a firm believer in states rights, Thomas Jefferson would be most likely to agree with the phase of federalism during the which of the following? a. the tenure of Chief Justice John Marshall b. the administrations of Franklin Delano Roosevelt c. the administrations of Lyndon Baines Johnson d. the administrations of Richard M. Nixon e. the administrations of William J. Clinton 3. Compared with a unitary system, a federal system is more likely to lead to a. more efficient management of complex programs. b. less local participation in public policy. c. regional variation in public policy. d. a single national policy with broad public support. e. all of the above 4. The ability to arrest someone for a crime that was not yet a crime when they committed it is a. an enumerated power of the federal government. b. an implied power of the federal government. c. a concurrent power. d. a reserved power 5. For states to qualify for certain federal highway funds, they must allow drivers to make a legal righthand turn after stopping at a red light. If this requirement by the federal government existed, it would be known as a a. mandate. b. quid pro quo order. c. condition of aid. d. categorical grant. 6. An example of a federal mandate would be a. funding for underachieving minority students at Hawthorne High School through federal Title I funds. b. a provision in the Los Angeles City charter that would have required a runoff election between 2009 mayoral candidates Francis Hotard and Antonio Villaraigosa if neither candidate received a majority of the votes cast. c. a law passed by the California State Legislature and signed into law by Governor Schwarzenegger which would allow undocumented residents/illegal immigrants with California Drivers Licenses. d. all of the above 7. The ability to tax U.S. citizens is a. an enumerated power of the federal government. OK b. an implied power of the federal government. c. a concurrent power. +1 d. a power reserved for the states. e. a power denied both the states and the federal government by the Constitution. 8. An example of cooperative federalism would be a. Mc Culloch v. Maryland b. the New Deal c. the Great Society d. the use of revenue sharing 9. Plessy v. Ferguson is an example of what phase of federalism? a. nationalization b. dual federalism c. cooperative federalism d. creative federalism e. new federalism 10. In which of the following did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that the federal government had acted in an unconstitutional manner? a. Printz v. U.S. b. Plessy v. Ferguson c. Marbury v. Madison d. Saenz v. Roe Although, now that I look at it, I can see another possible answer, can you? If you do and you answered it and can explain, I ll give you the question!
11. Which of the following mark moves toward returning autonomy to the states? I. Nationalization II. Dual Federalism III. Cooperative Federalism IV. Creative Federalism V. New Federalism a. I, II, III only b. I, II, V only c. II, III, IV only d. II and IV only e. II and V only If you answered e., you need to let me know on your corrections and circle the item on your Scantron and I owe you a question. 12. Which of the following represents an increase in federal power? a. Plessy v. Ferguson b. Printz v. U.S. c. Saenz v. Roe d. U.S. v. Lopez 13. A federal system of government would probably appeal most to an interest group with a. most of its support concentrated in one region. b. majority support throughout the country. c. minority support throughout the country. d. very little support in any region. e. no support anywhere to speak of A LOT of you missed this one! Think about the benefits of a federal system (and Federalist 10 & 51 ) and see if you understand WHY a. is the answer. 14. Fletcher v. Peck is considered a critical Supreme Court case because it established the precedent of a. federal regulation of interstate commerce. b. the prohibition of a state to interfere in the powers given to the federal government. c. the U.S. Supreme Court declaring actions of the legislative branch unconstitutional. d. the U.S. Supreme Court declaring laws of a state unconstitutional. Do you know why it s NOT b.? 15. The implied powers of Congress a. mean that Congress can make laws that are unconstitutional. b. are listed in the Fifth Amendment. c. are listed in the Tenth Amendment. d. include its power to coin money and collect taxes. Do you know why it s NOT c.? 16. The constitutional provision used in the Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland was: I. the "necessary and proper" clause. II. the supremacy clause. Ill. the interstate commerce clause. a. I only b. II only c. I and II only d. II and III only e. I, II, and III 17. During periods of fiscal federalism which of the following has not been the case? a. Presidents Nixon and Reagan favored allowing states less discretion in using federal funds. b. President Lyndon B. Johnson gave states funding, but required them to be used for specific purposes. c. block grants were less restrictive than categorical grants. d. categorical grants carried more conditions-of-aid than revenue sharing. e. in recent years, the federal government has required states to implement programs without providing the states funding. 18. Federal programs and federal officials perceptions of national needs came to dominate the allocation of federal grants to the states during the a. tenure of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney b. the period immediately following the Civil War. c. tenure of Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase. d. the administrations of Presidents Reagan and George H.W. Bush (Bush 41) administrations. 19. The ability to make and enforce laws it a. an enumerated power of the federal government. OK b. an implied power of the federal government. c. a concurrent power. +1 d. a power reserved for the states. e. a power denied both the states and the federal government by the Constitution. 20. In McCulloch v. Maryland, had the Supreme Court reached the opposite conclusion on the right of Congress to charter a bank, the bank would have been a. taken over by the state of Maryland. b. forced to foreclose on the farms of Maryland farmers who had defaulted on their mortgages. c. declared unconstitutional. d. taken over by the federal government. e. declared constitutional.
21. Of the following, the Welfare Reform Act of 1996 is mostly an example of a. competitive federalism b. new federalism c. creative federalism d. cooperative federalism 22. Which of the following increased the power of the federal government? a. Marbury v. Madison b. McCulloch v. Maryland c. Gibbons v. Ogden d. all of the above 23. Creative federalism was characterized by I. shared costs between the national and state governments. II. guidelines and rules set down by the federal government. III. singular administration of programs. a. I only b. II only c. I and III only d. I and II only e. I,II, and III A lot of you argued this question with me after class. Good! :) Can you tell me why II is the only correct answer? Why are I and III incorrect? 24. Which of the following would be federal mandates? I. a law requiring each state to meet certain federal levels of air and water purity. II. a law requiring each state to provide access for all disabled persons in all public facilities. III. a law overhauling the Medicare system and providing prescription drug benefits for seniors in all fifty states. IV. a law requiring all federal air traffic controllers to take an anti-terror course as part of their training V. a law requiring local law enforcement in each state to perform background checks on anyone wishing to purchase a handgun. a. I, II and III only b. I, III and V only c. I, II, and V only d. III and IV only C. is the right answer, but as I m looking at this, I don t remember if I had this one right on the key. Check your Scantron if you marked c. 25. Congress under the Articles of Confederation a. could require the states to provide financial support to the U.S. government. b. forcefully dealt with Shays Rebellion. c. was dominated by a strong executive branch. d. represented the interest of the individual states in the Union over the interests of the American people as a whole. e. could draft Americans for military service. The people are turbulent and changing: they seldom judge or determine right. Give therefore to the [upper] class a permanent share in the government. They will check the unsteadiness of the [lower] class, as they cannot receive any advantage by a change, they will ever maintain good government. 26. The above quotation best addresses which of the following views expressed at the Constitutional Convention? a. the First Amendment b. the electoral college c. judicial review d. the elastic clause e. checks and balances This one was frequently missed do you know WHY b. is the answer? 27. Which of the following statements best describes the Articles of Confederation? I. domination of the government by the states II. a unicameral national congress an no executive III. no national court system IV. inability of the national government to collect taxes a. I only b. I and II only c. I, II, and III only d. I and IV only e. I, II, III, and IV 28. Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched? a. President Ronald Reagan-New Federalism b. President Lyndon Johnson-Creative Federalism c. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney-Dual Federalism d. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt-Competitive Federalism e. Chief Justice John Marshall-Nationalization 29. In The Federalist papers, James Madison expressed the view that political factions a. should be nurtured be a free nation. b. should play a minor role in any free nation. c. are central to the creation of a free nation. d. are undesirable but inevitable in a free nation. e. are necessary to control the masses in a free nation.
30. All of the following represent examples of the use of checks and balances except a. President Clinton s veto of the Congressional law banning Partial Birth Abortions. b. The U.S. Senate s 1987 rejection of President Reagan s nomination of Justice Robert Bork to the Supreme Court. c. President George H.W. Bush s 1991 call for Congress to propose a constitutional amendment banning the burning of the American flag. d. The impeachment of President Clinton in 1998. e. The U.S. Senate s 1920 rejection of the Treaty of Versailles, ending World War I. 31. All of the following were problems under the Articles of Confederation except a. power was decentralized. b. the nation s economy was in a state of chaos and bankruptcy. c. the United States could not defend itself militarily. d. it was virtually impossible for legislation to get passed. e. the nation s smaller states felt they did not have equal representation in the national legislature. 32. Which of the following is not an example of a check on presidential power? a. Only Congress can declare war. b. The Senate most approve ambassadorial appointments. c. The Senate and House must agree on a version of a bill before sending it to the president. d. Presidential appointments made while Congress is in recess last only until the end of the Congressional session. e. Congress passes the final annual budget. 33. Which of the following would represent the use of the implied power or necessary and proper clause of the U.S. Constitution? a. a federal ban on assault rifles b. the withdraw of funds allocated to troops in Iraq c. raising the price of stamps to 50 cents d. passing a balanced budget amendment to the U.S. Constitution. e. passing a law setting quotas for immigrants from Central American countries 34. Which of the following represents a major reason the electoral college was established? a. It would encourage third party candidates. b. It would enable a select group of electors to cast the final vote for president and vice president. c. It would encourage greater voter turnout. d. It would give the power to Congress in determining the outcome of all Presidential elections. e. It would give the smaller states more power in choosing the President and Vice President. 35. The significance of the Great Compromise when the Founding Fathers agreed to adopt the new constitution was that it a. guaranteed equal protection under the law for all citizens. b. created a judicial branch of government. c. set up a bicameral legislature. d. prohibited import taxes. e. counted slaves for the purposes of representation. 36. Charles A. Beard s economic interpretation of the U.S. Constitution argues that those who supported the Constitution a. were property owners and saw the Constitution as benefiting landowners. b. were slave owners who saw that the Constitution would enable them to retain slave labor. c. were men who were owed money by the government and, therefore, had an interest in seeing the new government survive. d. cared little about financial gain and voted for the Constitution out of a sense of political virtue. e. were men who were seeking political offices in the new government. 37. The Virginia and New Jersey Plans introduced at the Constitutional Convention differed mainly over whether a. slavery should be permitted in the country. b. there should be a legislative branch at the national level. c. the states or the national government should regulate interstate commerce. d. states should send equal numbers of representatives to Congress. e. there should be a president. 38. Which of these was NOT one of the big three disagreements at the Constitutional Convention? a. whether the courts should have the power of judicial review b. whether or not the states should have an equal number of votes in Congress c. what to do about slavery d. who should have the right to vote Do you know WHY it was thrown out?
39. Regarding the right to vote in national elections, the framers of the Constitution a. decided to leave it up to the United States Supreme Court to decide the issue b. included a requirement that all free, adult males be allowed to vote. c. required that all free, adult males with property worth at least $50 be allowed to vote. d. provided that free men and women over the age of 20 be allowed to vote. So what DID they do then? 40. Which of the following pairs is incorrectly matched? a. Saenz v. Roe competitive federalism b. the New Deal cooperative federalism c. Plessy v. Ferguson New Federalism d. categorical grants creative federalism e. John Marshall Nationalization 41. All of the following are consequences of the federal system in the United States except a. inequality and variation in government services from region to region. b. opportunities for experimentation in government programs. c. multiple points of access for interest groups. d. a strict division of power among different levels of government. e. the states are subservient to the supremacy of the national government in all areas. Several of you came to argue this one after class as well. What in e. makes it incorrect (and therefore the answer!)? 42. Which of the following would technically be the opposite of a grant-in-aid? a. condition of aid b. unfunded mandate c. program grant d. formula grant e. block grant But WHY? 43. The question of how the national and state powers are related to one another were addressed by all of the following except a. the Civil War. b. McCulloch v. Maryland c. Plessy v. Ferguson d. the Constitution e. Marbury v. Madison 44. The reserved powers of the state governments can be best described as those powers a. not specifically granted to the national government or denied to the states. b. implied in the Fifth Amendment. c. listed specifically in the Tenth Amendment. d. exercised by both national and state governments. e. granted to states as part of the implied power doctrine. 45. All of the following mark a return to greater autonomy of state governments EXCEPT a. Plessy v. Ferguson b. New Federalism c. Printz v. U.S. d. Saenz v. Roe e. U.S. v. Lopez 46. Which of the following would best represent a federal mandate? a. the federal interstate highway program. b. the November 2000 manual recount of Florida ballots as ordered by the Florida Supreme Court. c. the California law requiring all children under 6 years of age or 60 pounds to be in a car seat while auto passengers. d. a provision in the Constitution which keeps Governor Schwarzenegger from becoming President of the U.S. 47. A categorical grant is a transfer of federal funds designed for a. state programs already in place. b. discretionary use by a state. c. specific purposes. d. education. e. programs with matching grants. 48. The doctrine of nullification refers to a. the power of Congress to veto state laws that violate the Constitution. b. the power of the Supreme Court to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional. c. the power of the president to veto state laws for violating the Constitution. d. the authority of the president to dissolve Congress and to call for new elections. e. the claimed authority of the states to declare a federal law void for violating the Constitution. 49. The Americans With Disabilities Act was an example of a. a decision by the federal courts that imposed strict spending limits on the states b. Congress attaching conditions of aid to federal funds to the states c. Congress imposing a financial burden on the states but not providing funding d. A federal agency requiring the states to take action e. cooperative federalism This is the BEST answer. You could argue that another one of these MIGHT be correct (though it s not really), but c. is CLEARLY the BEST answer!
50. U.S. v. Morrison was an example of a. The U.S. Supreme Court expanding the power of the federal government. b. Congress attaching conditions of aid to federal funds to the states c. Congress imposing a financial burden on the states but not providing funding d. Congress using the commerce clause to increase it s power. e. The U.S. Supreme Court limiting the power of the federal government.