AMERICAN GOVERNMENT CHAPTER 10 GUIDED NOTES NAME PERIOD Chapter 10.1 is the of the. Its is to. Congress, then, is charged with the most : that of translating the public will into. How profoundly important the Framers thought that function to be can be seen in the fact that the first and lengthiest article is found in Article 1, Section 1: All l herin granted shall be in a, which shall consist of a. is a reflection of. Each of the States is equally represented in the and representatives in the is determined by. Theoretically the framers favored a in order that one house might act as a on the other. How long does Congress last per term? How many sessions are there in each term of Congress? The in 1933 states that it should start at noon on the of of every numbered year. Congress each regular session as it sees. Congress remains in through most of each. Both houses for several short periods during a session.
Neither house may without the of the other house. What is a special session? Only who can call a special session? How many special sessions have been held? Last special session was called by whom? The fact that Congress now meets nearly reduces the likelihood of special sessions. CHAPTER 10: SECTION 2: Size and Terms: The exact size of the House today is members is not by the. Rather it is set by. The provides that the of seats shall be that is, among the states on the basis of their. Each state is at least in the House, no matter what its population. Today, seven states, Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming have only. The District of Columbia, Guam, The Virgin Islands, and America Samoa each elect a delegate to represent them in the House and Puerto Rico chooses a. Those officials are not of the House of Representatives. The Constitution provides that Representatives shall be chosen. That is, for. This rather short term means that, for members, the next election is always around the corner and that fact tends to make them pay close attention to the folks back at home. There is no on the number of may serve.
Reapportionment: Article I of the Constitution directs Congress to in the House after each. Faced with the 1930 census, Congress moved to avoid repeating its earlier lapse with the. That law, still on the books, set up what is often called an. It provides: The permanent size of the House is. Following the Census the Census Bureau is to determine the number of each should have. When the Bureau s plan is ready, the must send it to. If, within of receiving it, neither house rejects the Census Bureau s plan, it becomes effective. has the responsibility for reapportion but it gives the the mechanical chores to do the task. Today each of the in the represents an average of some. Congressional Elections: Constitution gives for the states in congressional elections. Congressional elections are held on the same in every. Since 1872, had required that those elections be held on the following the Monday in of each year. Those Congressional elections that occur in the, that is, between presidential elections--- are called the. Quite consistently, the in power, the party that holds the loses seats in the off-year elections. Districts: By the of the House are chosen by the separate congressional
districts across the country. Seven states each only have one seat in the House of Representatives. There are within the other. Under the, the voters in each district of the state s representatives from among a field of candidates running for a seat in the from that district. There are congressional districts within the other states. Under the district arrangement, the in each district elect one of the from among a field of candidates running for a seat in the House from that. Most States quickly set up districts. Several states used the system. Under that arrangement, all of the State s seats were filled that is, from the as a. Every could vote for a for each one of the State s seats in the House. At-large elections proved for electing house members. is to elect representative that represent the whole rather than within a State. A party with a of the votes in a State, no matter how small, could win of the State s seats in the House. Congress finally did away with the in 1842. Thereafter all of the seats in the House were to be filled from districts in each State. State legislatures began to draw up to the advantages of and the like. have been drawn to the of the political party or faction that controls the.
The practice of can be found in most places where lines are drawn for the election of. Most often takes one of forms. To the in or a, thus leaving the other comfortably safe for the. To spread the as as possible among several, limiting the opposition s ability to anywhere. In fact, that remains the case in states today. Historically, most states were carved up on a vs. basis. The longstanding patterns of wide population variation in districts and of came to an end in the late. These abrupt changes were the direct result of a historic decision by the in 1964. The court held that the population differences among Georgia s congressional districts were so as to violate the. The importance of Wesberry and the Court s later, decisions cannot be overstated. They have had an extraordinary impact on the make-up of the, on the content of public policy, and on electoral politics in general. The nations cities and suburbs now speak with a much in Congress than ever before. Qualifications for House Membership: At least how old? How long does he or she have to be a citizen? What must he or she be an inhabitant of? What is the long standing custom for those who run for Congress?
The custom is based on the belief that the should be closely familiar with the locale he or she represents its and its. Rarely does a choose an to represent it. What does the Constitution make the house the judge of? Right of a to be seated is challenged, the has the power to decide the matter. are rarely successful. The House may to seat a. It may also its own members for by majority vote and with the concurrence of. CHAPTER 10:3 THE SENATE Most house members aspire for. Nearly a of the present are originally. Today there are Senators that represent the States. ELECTION AND TERMS: The Constitution says that the Senate shall be composed of from each State and so the Senate is a much smaller body than the. Originally, the provided that the members of the were to be chosen by the several. Since the ratification of the in 1913, however, senators have been picked by the in each at the regular elections. Each is elected from the at. The declares that all whom the State the vote for members of the most numerous branch of its legislature are to vote for
candidates for the A senator serves for a term for how long? They may be to any number of. What type of body is the senate called? That is, its are never up for at the same time. The is intended to make less subject to special interests than are their. The and the scope of their, the, and ; the represent are designed to In other words, senators are supposed to be with the of a specific and more focused on the of the. Indeed, are in general more likely to be regarded as than most. In addition, are more likely to have more power in their State party organizations. This is due partly to the relatively of the Senate, to its to the media, and no doubt, to the larger staffs that senators have at their. Also from the Senate, there are prime source of in both the and the parties. At least how old do you need to be to be a senator? You must be a citizen for how long? Must be an of the from which he or she is.
By what type of vote can members of the Senate exclude a member-elect? What type of behavior leads to a Senator to be punished? By how many votes can a Senator be expelled? What are six characteristics of the House? (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Senate (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) CHAPTER 10:4
The does not represent a of the. Well over a of the members of the House, and well over the. How many percent of Congress have college degrees? It does not represent the nation s population, Rather it is made up of, who are, on the whole, quite able and. DUTIES OF THE JOB: How many total members are in Congress? What is the major job for congress? Members of Congress are: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) As, and serve on those bodies to which proposed laws (bills) are referred in. They must screen those and decide which of them will go on to floor consideration that is, be acted upon by the of their.
As another and vital part of their committee work, representatives and senators also exercise the. That is, they that the various agencies in the executive branch are working effectively and are acting in line with the policies that Congress. What are four voting options that lawmakers have? (1) (2) (3) (4) These members believe that each question they face must be decided on its merits. Conscience and independent judgment are their guides. This call issues as they see them, regardless of the views held by their constituents or by any of the other groups that seek to influence their decision. This is called? These members see themselves as the agents of those who elected them. They believed that they should vote the way they think the folks back home would want. These members are willing to suppress their views, ignore those of their party s leaders, and turn a deaf ear to the arguments of colleagues and of special interests from outside their constituencies. This is called? These are those lawmakers who owe their first allegiance to their political party. They feel duty-bound to vote in line with the party platform and the wishes of their party s leaders. Most studies of legislator s voting behavior show that partisanship is the leading factor influencing their votes on most important measures. This is called? This attempts to combine the basic elements of the trustee, delegate, and partisan roles. They try to balance these often conflicting factors; their own views on what is best for their constituents and/or the nation as a whole, the political facts of life, and the peculiar pressures of the moment. This is called? Other Roles: Representatives and senators also act as. They do this particularly as they work to help them solve whatever they may have with the.
Many constituents of are in Washington especially to do favors for them. What are bills? As committee members, senators and representatives must screen. They decide in committee, which measures will go on to, that is be considered and acted upon by the of the. Although Congress enacts laws and the money to, the Constitution assigns the task of executing those laws to the. Congress must see that carry out those faithfully and spend that. It does so through the exercise of its critically important, the process by which Congress, through its committee checks to see that the are carrying out the policies that congress has. Representatives and Senators act as servants of who? How much are Senators and representatives paid? How much is the speaker of the house paid? How much is the Vice President paid? The privilege is well-known benefit that allows them to and other materials by substituting their facsimile signature (frank) for postage. What are two limits to Congressional pay?
(1) (2) Shall in all cases, except,, and, be from during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to, and returning from the same. For any or in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other place. The words any other place refers to the. It s to about members of Congress. The protects and from suits for or arising out of their official conduct. The Supreme Court has held that the applies to things generally done of its members in relation to the business before it. The protection goes, then, beyond, to include work in and all other things generally done by members of Congress in relation to However, a person is not free to another person in a, an article, a conversation or otherwise. Discussion Questions: What are some of the pressing issues that you see in the community that the congress should address? Are there any particular social issues that need to be dealt with? (List 8)
Do you think moral lifestyle is a standard for a congressperson? Please explain in one paragraph. How do you think a congressman or senator could better relate with the issues of young people today? Do you think it is acceptable for tax payers to pay for all these expenses of a Congressmen or Senator?