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impact of public encounters with the police. Policing and Society, 19(1), 20 46. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439460802457594 Bradley, R. (1998). Public Expectations and Perceptions of Policing. Bratton, W. (1997). Crime is down in New York City: Blame the police. In Policing: key readings (pp. 472 482). Brodeur, J.-P. (2010). Policing and security as club goods : the new enclosures? In Democracy, society and the governance of security. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Brodeur, Jean-Paul, & Oxford Scholarship Online Law. (2010a). The policing web (Vol. Studies in crime and public policy). New York: Oxford University Press. Brodeur, Jean-Paul, & Oxford Scholarship Online Law. (2010b). The policing web (Vol. Studies in crime and public policy). New York: Oxford University Press. Brogden, M. (1999a). Community policing as cherry pie. In Policing across the world: issues for the twenty-first century (pp. 167 186). London: Routldge. Brogden, M. (1999b). Community policing as cherry pie. In Policing across the world: issues for the twenty-first century (pp. 167 186). London: Distributed in North America by Garland Pub. Brunson, R. K. (2007). Police Don t Like Black People : African-American Young Men s Accumulated Police Experiences. Criminology & Public Policy, 6(1), 71 101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2007.00423.x Carr, P. J., Napolitano, L., & Keating, J. (2007). We never call the cops and here is why: A qualitative examination of legal cynicism in three Philadelphia neighbourhoods. Criminology, 45(2), 445 480. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2007.00084.x Clifford D. Shearing and Philip C. Stenning. (n.d.). Private Security: Implications for Social Control. Social Problems, 30(5), 493 506. Crawford, A. (2008). Plural policing in the UK: policing beyond the police. In Handbook of policing (2nd ed, pp. 147 181). Dalgleish, D., & Myhill, A. (2004). Reassuring the Public: A Review of International Policing Interventions, Home Office Research Study 284. David H. Bayley and Clifford D. Shearing. (n.d.). The Future of Policing. Law & Society Review, 30(3), 585 606. Delsol, R., & Shiner, M. (2006). Regulating stop and search: a challenge for police and community relations in England and Wales. Critical Criminology, 14(3), 241 263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-006-9013-1 Dixon, D. (1999). Beyond zero-tolerance. In Policing: key readings (pp. 483 507). 2/9
Dixon, D. (2005). Beyond zero-tolerance. In Policing: key readings (pp. 483 507). Emsley, C. (2008). The birth and development of the police. In Handbook of policing (2nd ed, pp. 72 89). Emsley, Clive. (2010). The great British bobby: a history of British policing from the 18th century to the present (Updated ed). London: Quercus. Foster, J., Newburn, T., & Souhami, A. (2005). Assessing the Impact of the Stephen lawrence Inquiry. Goldstein, H. (1979). Improving policing: a problem-oriented approach. In Policing: key readings (pp. 392 411). Goldstein, H. (1987). Toward Community-Oriented Policing: Potential, Basic Requirements, and Threshold Questions. Crime & Delinquency, 33(1), 6 30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128787033001002 Greene, J. A. (1999). Zero Tolerance: A Case Study of Police Policies and Practices in New York City. Crime & Delinquency, 45(2), 171 187. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128799045002001 Harcourt, Bernard E. (2004). Illusion of order: the false promise of broken windows policing. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. Hough, M. (2007a). Policing London, 20 years on. In Transformations of policing (Vol. Edinburgh Centre of Law and Society, pp. 191 212). Aldershot: Ashgate. Hough, M. (2007b). Policing London, 20 years on. In Transformations of policing (Vol. Edinburgh Centre of Law and Society, pp. 191 212). Aldershot: Ashgate. Innes, M. (1999). An Iron Fist in an Iron Glove The Zero Tolerance Policing Debate. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 38(4), 397 410. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2311.00143 Innes, M. (2004). Reinventing Tradition?: Reassurance, Neighbourhood Security and Policing. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 4(2), 151 171. https://doi.org/10.1177/1466802504044914 Innes, M. (2005). Why soft policing is hard: on the curious development of reassurance policing, how it became neighbourhood policing and what this signifies about the politics of police reform. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 15(3), 156 169. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.818 Jackson, J., & Bradford, B. (2009). Crime, policing and social order: on the expressive nature of public confidence in policing. The British Journal of Sociology, 60(3), 493 521. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2009.01253.x Jackson, J., & Bradford, B. (2010). What is Trust and Confidence in the Police? Policing, 4 (3), 241 248. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paq020 3/9
Jackson, J., Bradford, B., Hough, M., Myhill, A., Quinton, P. K., & Tyler, T. (2012). Why Do People Comply with the Law? Legitimacy and the Influence of Legal Institutions. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1994490 Jackson, J., & Sunshine, J. (2006a). Public Confidence in Policing: A Neo-Durkheimian Perspective. British Journal of Criminology, 47(2), 214 233. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azl031 Jackson, J., & Sunshine, J. (2006b). Public Confidence in Policing: A Neo-Durkheimian Perspective. British Journal of Criminology, 47(2), 214 233. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azl031 Jackson, Jonathan, & Taylor & Francis. (2013). Just authority?: trust in the police in England and Wales (1st ed). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Retrieved from http://0-www.tandfebooks.com.wam.city.ac.uk/isbn/9780203105610 Jason Sunshine and Tom R. Tyler. (2003). The Role of Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Shaping Public Support for Policing. Law & Society Review, 37(3), 513 548. Retrieved from http://0-www.jstor.org.wam.city.ac.uk/stable/1555077 Johnston, L. (2007). The trajectory of private policing. In Transformations of policing (Vol. Edinburgh Centre of Law and Society). Aldershot: Ashgate. Jones, T. (2008). The accountability of policing. In Handbook of policing (2nd ed, pp. 693 724). Jones, T., Jones, T., & Newburn, T. (2007). Policy transfer and criminal justice: exploring US influence over British crime control policy. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/city/detail.action?docid=316290 Jones, T., & Newburn, T. (1999). Urban change and policing: mass private property re-considered. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 7(2), 225 244. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008757411970 Jones, T., & Newburn, T. (2002a). The Transformation of Policing? Understanding Current Trends ni Policing Systems. In Policing: key readings (pp. 733 750). Jones, T., & Newburn, T. (2002b). Transformations of policing? Understanding current trends in policing systems. In Policing: key readings (pp. 730 750). Jones, Trevor, Newburn, Tim, & Oxford Scholarship Online Law. (1998). Private security and public policing (Vol. Clarendon studies in criminology). [London]: Policy Studies Institute. Jones, Trevor, Newburn, Tim, & Policy Studies Institute. (1998). Private security and public policing (Vol. Clarendon studies in criminology). Oxford: Clarendon Press. Kempa, M. (2004). Policing Communal Spaces: A Reconfiguration of the Mass Private Property Hypothesis. British Journal of Criminology, 44(4), 562 581. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azh027 Klockars, C. (1988). The rhetoric of community policing. In Policing: key readings (pp. 4/9
442 459). Loader, I. (1997). Private security and the demand for protection in contemporary britain. Policing and Society, 7(3), 143 162. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1997.9964770 Loader, I. (1999). Consumer Culture and the Commodification of Policing and Security. Sociology, 33(2), 373 392. https://doi.org/10.1177/s003803859900022x Loader, I. (2001a). The Power of Legitimate Naming: Part I--Chief Constables as Social Commentators in Post-War England. British Journal of Criminology, 41(1), 41 55. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/41.1.41 Loader, I. (2001b). The Power of Legitimate Naming: Part II Making Sense of the Elite Police Voice. British Journal of Criminology, 41(2), 252 265. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/41.2.252 Loader, I. (2005). Fall of the Platonic Guardians : Liberalism, Criminology and Political Responses to Crime in England and Wales. British Journal of Criminology, 46(4), 561 586. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azi091 Loader, I. (2006a). Policing, Recognition, and Belonging. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 605(1), 201 221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716206286723 Loader, I. (2006b). Policing, Recognition, and Belonging. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 605(1), 201 221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716206286723 Loader, I., & Walker, N. (2006). Necessary virtues: the legitimate place of the state in the production of security. In Democracy, society and the governance of security. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Loader, Ian, & Mulcahy, Aogán. (2003). Policing and the condition of England: memory, politics and culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Loader, Ian, Mulcahy, Aogán, & Oxford Scholarship Online Law. (2003). Policing and the condition of England: memory, politics and culture (Vol. Clarendon studies in criminology). New York: Oxford University Press. Loftus, B. (2010). Police occupational culture: classic themes, altered times. Policing and Society, 20(1), 1 20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439460903281547 Mackenzie, S., & Henry, A. (2009). Community Policing: A Review of the Evidence. Macpherson, William, Cook, Tom, Sentamu, John, Stone, Richard, & Great Britain. (1999a). The Stephen Lawrence inquiry: report of an inquiry (Vol. Cm). London: Stationery Office. Macpherson, William, Cook, Tom, Sentamu, John, Stone, Richard, & Great Britain. (1999b). The Stephen Lawrence inquiry: report of an inquiry (Vol. Cm). London: Stationery Office. Maguire, M., & John, T. (2006). Intelligence Led Policing, Managerialism and Community Engagement: Competing Priorities and the Role of the National Intelligence Model in the 5/9
UK. Policing and Society, 16(1), 67 85. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439460500399791 Manning, P. (2005). The police: mandate, strategies and appearances. In Policing: key readings (pp. 191 214). Marshall, G. (1978). Police accountability revisited. In Policing: key readings (pp. 624 635). Mastrofski, S. (2006a). Community policing: a sceptical view. In Police innovation: contrasting perspectives (Vol. Cambridge studies in criminology, pp. 44 75). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mastrofski, S. (2006b). Community policing: a sceptical view. In Police innovation: contrasting perspectives (Vol. Cambridge studies in criminology, pp. 27 43). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mawby, R. C., & Wright, A. (2008). The police organisation. In Handbook of policing (2nd ed, pp. 224 252). Mclaughlin, E., & Murji, K. (1999). After the Stephen Lawrence Report. Critical Social Policy, 19(3), 371 385. https://doi.org/10.1177/026101839901900305 McLaughlin, Eugene. (2007a). The new policing. London: SAGE. McLaughlin, Eugene. (2007b). The new policing. London: SAGE. McLaughlin, Eugene. (2007c). The new policing. London: SAGE. McLaughlin, Eugene. (2007d). The new policing. London: SAGE. Murphy, K., & Cherney, A. (2011). Understanding Cooperation With Police in a Diverse Society. British Journal of Criminology, 52(1), 181 201. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azr065 Newburn, T. (2001). The Commodification of Policing: Security Networks in the Late Modern City. Urban Studies, 38(5-6), 829 848. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980123025 Newburn, T. (2004). Race, Crime and Injustice?: Strip Search and the Treatment of Suspects in Custody. British Journal of Criminology, 44(5), 677 694. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azh043 Newburn, T. (2008). Policing since 1945. In Handbook of policing (2nd ed, pp. 90 114). Newburn, T., & Reiner, R. (2007). Policing and the Police. In The Oxford handbook of criminology (4th ed, pp. 910 952). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Newburn, T., & Reiner, R. (2012). Policing and the police. In The Oxford handbook of criminology (5th ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Phillips, C., & Bowling, B. (2007). Ethnicities, Racism, Crime and Criminal Justice. In The Oxford handbook of criminology (4th ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rawlings, P. (2008). Policing before the police. In Handbook of policing (2nd ed, pp. 47 71). 6/9
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