New forms of European citizenship in migration era Survey data on Perception of Migration
AIM AND METHOD OF THE STUDY SOCIAL PERCEPTIONS OF MIGRATION IN THE COUNTRIES INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT ON-LINE SURVEY DISTRIBUITED BY PROJECT PARTNERS, BEGINNING OF 2017 NOT REPRESENTATIVE EUROPEAN SAMPLE: 3,840 RESPONDENTS PARTNER COUNTRIES INVOLVED IN THE SURVEY: ALBANIA, BELGIUM, BULGARIA, CROATIA, GERMANY, GREECE, MALTA, ITALY, LATVIA, MACEDONIA, POLAND, PORTUGAL, CZECH REPUBLIC, ROMANIA, SERBIA, SPAIN.
SAMPLE N=3840 F= 61%; M= 39%
LEVEL OF EDUCATION
OCCUPATIONAL STATUS 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Student Employed Self-employed Unemployed Apprentice Searching for job Retired
HAVE YOU EXPERIENCED MIGRATION FOR MORE THAN ONE YEAR?
EXPERIENCE OF MIGRATION: SELF AND FAMILY
PARTICIPATION IN EU EXCHANGE PROGRAMS
SHOULD PEOPLE FROM OTHER EU COUNTRIES BE CONSIDERED MIGRANTS?
HOW MANY MIGRANTS LIVE IN YOUR COUNTRY?
PERCEPTION OF THE NUMBER OF MIGRANTS PER COUNTRY
IN YOUR OPINION, THE NUMBER OF MIGRANTS IN YOUR COUNTRY, AS COMPARED TO OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, IS:
NUMBER OF MIGRANTS IN MY COUNTRY, COMPARED TO OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES:
DO YOU THINK THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MIGRATION AND A DECREASE IN PUBLIC SAFETY?
MOST COMMON REASONS FOR MIGRATION: PER COUNTRY
THE MOST COMMON REASONS FOR MIGRATION: ALL COUNTRIES
TRUST IN DIFFERENT SOURCES
PERCEPTION OF ILLEGAL MIGRATION 80.6% VERY AND SOMEWHAT CONCERNED ABOUT ILLEGAL MIGRATION 19.4% A LITTLE OR NOT CONCERNED COUNTRIES WITH A HIGHER PERCENTAGE: POLAND (97%) ROMANIA (95%) ALBANIA (92%) ITALY (92%) MALTA (91%) PORTUGAL (90%) COUNTRIES WITH LOWER PERCENTAGE: GERMANY (54%) CZECH REP. (61%) GREECE (67%) BELGIUM (68%) 32.4% OF 16- TO 20 YEARS OLD ARE VERY OR SOMEWHAT CONCERNED 23.0% OF 26- TO 30 YEARS OLD ARE A LITTLE OR NOT CONCERNED
PERCEPTION ON THE NUMBER OF ILLEGAL MIGRANTS Do you think the number of illegal migrants in your country are: GREATER THAN LEGAL MIGRANTS 32.9% EQUAL 21.1% LESS THAN LEGAL MIGRANTS 46.0% TOT 100% % COUNTRIES > 46.0% (European average) COUNTRIES < 46.0% (European average) ALBANIA (78%) PORTUGAL (75%) CZECH REP. (73%) GERMANY (67%) BELGIUM (65%) ITALY (19.3%) GREECE (29.9%)
PERCEPTION OF THE EXPLOITATION OF BOTH LEGAL AND ILLEGAL MIGRANTS 86.7% of migrants may be exposed to forms of exploitation 91.5% the conditions of illegal migrants increases the risk of exploitation According to you, in your country, migrants may be exposed to forms of exploitation? According to you, in your country, do the conditions of illegal migrants increase the risk of exploitation? Always 16.0 % 29.5 % Sometimes 70.7 % 62.0 % Never 13.3 % 8.5 %
PERCEPTION OF THE EXPLOITATION OF LEGAL AND ILLEGAL MIGRANTS BY COUNTRY LEGAL MIGRANTS ILLEGAL MIGRANTS Always Sometimes Never Always Sometimes Never Albania 7.9% 77.5% 14.6 25.8 67.5 6.6 Belgium 8.9% 86.3% 4.8 17.7 74.2 8.1 Bulgaria 9.9% 77.3% 12.8 24.5 71.3 4.3 Croatia 13.5% 68.9% 17.5 16.7 64.1 19.1 Germany 26.6% 71.0% 2.3 31.8 62.6 5.6 Greece 30.2% 66.9% 2.8 48.0 48.0 4.0 Malta 24.3% 75.0% 0.7 33.1 64.7 2.2 Italy 22.3% 54.2% 23.6 45.5 46.6 7.9 Latvia 4.5% 82.1% 13.4 10.1 76.0 13.9 Macedonia 15.8% 70.9% 13.4 21.9 69.2 8.9 Poland 6.1% 83.3% 10.6 9.1 78.8 12.1 Portugal 5.1% 86.0% 8.8 25.0 72.1 2.9 Czech Rep. 2.5% 65.8% 31.6 13.3 74.7 12.0 Romania 8.5% 71.2% 20.3 8.5 70.6 20.9 Serbia 10.5% 73.7% 15.8 26.3 63.2 10.5 Spain 25.4% 73.4% 1.1 61.6 37.3 1.1
PERCEPTION OF THE EXPLOITATION OF LEGAL AND ILLEGAL MIGRANTS BY AGE GROUP LEGAL MIGRANTS ARE ALWAYS EXPLOITATED ILLEGAL MIGRANTS ARE ALWAYS EXPLOITATED 16-20 26.6% 23.1% 51-55 4.1% 5.1% 56-60 2.7% 3.3% 61-65 1.2% 2.1% Over 65 1.6% 1.4%
PERCEPTION OF MALE AND FEMALE LABOR EXPLOITATION female labor exploitation male labor exploitation Not widespread 12.6% 13.6% A little widespread 26.1% 27.4% Somewhat widespread 35.5%* 34.2%* Very widespread 25.8%* 24.8%* *61.3% female labor exploitation is somewhat and very widespread *59.0% male labor exploitation is somewhat and very widespread
CHILD LABOR EXPLOITATION The distribution among countries Not widespread A little widespread Somewhat widespread Very widespread European percentages 49.7% CHILD LABOR EXPLOITATION IS NOT OR A LITTLE WIDESPREAD 50.3% CHILD LABOR EXPLOITATION IS SOMEWHAT OR VERY WIDESPREAD Albania 7.3 17.2 39.7 35.8 Belgium 48.4 24.2 17.7 9.7 Bulgaria 43.6 25.9 22.7 7.8 Croatia 20.7 33.1 34.3 12.0 Germany 16.8 36.9 32.7 13.6 Greece 4.0 10.5 35.5 50.0 Malta 15.4 30.9 32.4 21.3 Italy 12.1 29.8 34.5 23.6 Latvia 50.3 43.6 6.1 0.0 Macedonia 15.8 29.6 32.8 21.9 Poland 54.5 34.8 9.1 1.5 Portugal 6.6 19.1 45.6 28.7 Czech Rep. 42.4 39.2 15.2 3.2 Romania 13.1 33.3 36.6 17.0 Serbia 10.5 47.4 21.1 21.1 Spain 7.9 19.2 32.8 40.1
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MIGRATION AND ORGANIZED CRIME MIGRATION INEVITABLY AFFECTS THE SPREAD OF CRIME STRONGLY DISAGREE 10.2% DISAGREE 35.9% AGREE 36.4% STRONGLY AGREE 17.5% 46.1% 53.9% Countries with higher percentage than 53.9%: BULGARIA 88,9% MACEDONIA 69.4% CZECH REP. 65.6% LETTONIA 64.5% CROATIA 60.3% ITALIA 59.8% MALTA 58.0% BELGIUM 57.2%
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MIGRATION AND ORGANIZED CRIME ORGANIZED CRIME RECRUITS MIGRANTS Strongly disagree 3.3% Disagree 26.3% Agree 55.0% Strongly agree 15.4% 29.6% 70.4% Countries with higher percentage Countries with lower percentage ITALY 82.3% ROMANIA 40.9% BELGIUM 78.3% POLAND 28.1%
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MIGRATION AND CRIME Migrants enter organized crime networks voluntarily Strongly disagree 12.7% Disagree 48.3% Agree 31.5% Strongly agree 7.5% 61.0% 39.0% 61% of respondents strongly disagree or disagree 39% agree or strongly agree
LIMIT MIGRATION 31.1% COMBAT ORGANIZED CRIME 20.7% MAIN OBJECTIVE OF GOVERNMENT TO STOP THE BANKING AND FINANCIAL SECTOR FROM MAKING UNETHICAL PROFITS (BANKING SPECULATION) 19.7% PROTECT THE RIGHT OF FREEDOM AND SPEECH AND PRINT 13.8% NONE OF THEESE 14.7% REGARDING LIMITING MIGRATION (31%) COUNTRIES WITH HIGHER PERCENTAGE THAN THE EUROPEAN PERCENTAGE COUNTRIES WITH PENCENTAGE AROUND THE EUROPEAN PERCENTAGE COUNTRIES WITH PERCENTAGE LOWER THAN THE EUROPEAN PERCENTAGE PORTUGAL 43% vs 31% MALTA SERBIA 17% vs 31% CZECH REP. 17% vs 31% LATVIA 41% vs 31% BELGIUM ALBANIA 19% vs 31% GREECE 39% vs 31% MACEDONIA POLAND 22% vs 31% ROMANIA 22% vs 31% BULGARIA CROAZIA 23% vs 31% ITALY SPAIN 24% vs 31% GERMANY 25% vs 31% 27.9% OF THOSE WHO CHOSE LIMIT MIGRATION ARE BETWEEN 16 AND 20 YEARS OLD.
OPINIONS ON OPENING BORDERS VS CLOSING BORDERS With which of the following statements do you most agree? PERCENTAGES WE MUST UNCONDITIONALLY OPEN ALL NATIONAL BORDERS, ACCEPTING A MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY 31.5% WE MUST ACCEPT MIGRANTS WITH CONDITIONS ONLY AFTER GUARANTEEING JOBS FOR OUR CITIZENS 47.9% WE MUST CLOSE AND CONTROL BORDERS TO DEFEND THE IDENTITY OF OUR NATIONAL COUNTRY. 20.6%
OPINIONS ON OPENING BORDERS VS CLOSING BORDERS Partner countries distribution COUNTRIES UNCONDITIONAL OPENING CONDITIONAL OPENING UNCONDITIONAL CLOSING TOT. ALBANIA 25.2% 69.9% 4.9% 100% BELGIUM 28.2% 51.6% 20.2% 100% BULGARIA 3.6% 55.8% 40.6% 100% CROATIA 20.5% 56.1% 23.4% 100% GERMANY 61.8% 30.7% 7.5% 100% GREECE 38.1% 33.5% 28.4% 100% MALTA 43.0% 44.5% 12.5% 100% ITALY 40.3% 47.1% 12.6% 100% LATVIA 14.0% 63.4% 22.7% 100% MACEDONIA 18.7% 42.1% 39.1% 100% POLAND 6.7% 68.3% 25.0% 100% PORTUGAL 63.5% 35.7% 0.8% 100% CZECH REP. 9.3% 42.7% 48.0% 100% ROMANIA 26.5% 59.2% 14.3% 100% SERBIA 50.0% 44.4% 5.6% 100% SPAIN 62.9% 36.5% 0.6% 100%