Unit Seven - Prosperity & Depression Study online at quizlet.com/_1fo80h 1. Agricultural Adjustment (AAA) 4. Calvin Coolidge 2. Bonus Army (FDR) 1933 and 1938, Helped farmers meet mortgages. Unconstitutional because the government was paying the farmers to waste 1/3 of there products. Created by Congress in 1933 as part of the New Deal this agency attempted to restrict agricultural production by paying farmers subsidies to take land out of production. 5. Charles Lindbergh 6. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) 30th U.S. President. 1923-1929. Republican, Became president when Harding died. Tried to clean up scandals. Business prospered and people's wealth increased American pilot who made the first non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean. 3. bootlegger A group of WWI veterans who were supposed to be given a "bonus" from the government for their services. In 1932 the deadline for the veterans was pushed back by the government thus causing the group to march onto Washington to demand their money. Excessive force was used to disband these protesters, and because they were veterans and heroes of this country, Hoover's popularity plummeted because of it. 7. disarmament a public work relief program for unemployed men so they have jobs. the men worked on jobs related to conservation and development of natural resources Smugglers of illegal alcohol during the Prohibition era reduction of armed forces and weapons
8. Dust Bowl 11. FDIC 9. Eleanor Roosevelt..., Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages. 12. Federal Emergency Recovery Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: a federally sponsored corporation that insures accounts in national banks and other qualified institutions FERA under Roosevelt it gave money to the states to help the poor FDR's Wife and New Deal supporter. Was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws. She also worked for birth control and better conditions for working women 13. flapper 10. Emergency Banking A government legislation passed during the depression that dealt with the bank problem. The act allowed a plan which would close down insolvent banks and reorganize and reopen those banks strong enough to survive. carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the bold, boyish look and shocking behavior of flappers as a sign of changing morals. Though hardly typical of American women, the flapper image reinforced the idea that women now had more freedom.
14. Franklin D. Roosevelt 18. Henry Ford 32nd US President - He began New Deal programs to help the nation out of the Great Depression, and he was the nation's leader during most of WWII 15. F. Scott Fitzgerald 19. Herbert Hoover 1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents. 16. Great Depression Was part of both the jazz age and the lost generation. Wrote books encouraging the flapper culture, and books scorning wealthy people being self-centered. 20. Hoovervilles 31st President of the United States, Republican candidate who assumed the presidency in March 1929 promising the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community. 17. Harlem Renaissance A severe, world wide economic crisis which lasted from the end of 1929 to the outbreak of World War II. Shanty towns that the unemployed built in the cities during the early years of the Depression; the name given to them shows that the people blamed Hoover directly for the Depression. A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished.
21. The Hundred Days 24. Langston Hughes 22. Jazz Age First 100 days of FDR's presidency; during this time, Congress passed 15 major laws. African American poet who described the rich culture of african American life using rhythms influenced by jazz music. He wrote of African American hope and defiance, as well as the culture of Harlem and also had a major impact on the Harlem Renaissance. 25. Lost Generation 23. John Steinbeck Name for the 1920s, because of the popularity of jazz-a new type of American music that combined African rhythms, blues, and ragtime 26. National Industrial Recovery (NRA) Group of writers in 1920s who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked moral values and often choose to flee to Europe (1902-1968) Writer who captured the desperation of Americans struggling to get through the Great Depression, especially those affected by the Dust Bowl; among his works were THE GRAPES OF WRATH and OF MICE AND MEN. permitted all workers to join unions of their choice, allowed workers to bargain collectively for wage increases and benefits, allowed workers to go on strike to try to force employers to meet their demands
27. New Deal 31. Red Scare 28. Niccola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti 29. prohibition (1) FDR's programs that sought relief & recovery (first one) and later reform (second one) during the Depression; (2) FDR had no specific plan, but he used many trial-and-error methods to increase faith in the economy, avoid radicalism/riots, and apply Keynesian principles (of using government spending to jumpstart the private sector) Immigrants from Italy; both guilty for murder of a guard though there was no evidence linking them to the crime, only had radical political ideas. 32. Scopes Monkey Trial 33. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) A period of intense fear of communism and other politically radical ideas 1925, the trial that pitted the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution against teaching Bible creationism 30. Public Works Administration (PWA) A ban on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages Government agency having primary responsibility for enforcing the Federal securities laws and regulating the securities industry. It protected investors, listened to complaints, issued licenses and penalized fraud. 1933; set aside $3 billion to create jobs building roads, sewers, public housing units, and other civic necessities.
34. Social Security 37. Stock Market speculation 35. speakeasy (FDR) 1935, guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health 38. suffrage Took place in late 20s, people thought the market would just keep going up, put money in just for kicks, with no regard for the actual company. Caused giant bubble, led in part to the 1929 Crash. 36. Stock Market Crash A place where alcoholic drinks were sold and consumed illegally during prohibition 39. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) The legal right to vote, extended to African Americans by the Fifteenth Amendment, to women by the Nineteenth Amendment, and to people over the age of 18 by the Twenty-sixth Amendment. (1929)The steep fall in the prices of stocks due to widespread financial panic. It was caused by stock brokers who called in the loans they had made to stock investors. This caused stock prices to fall, and many people lost their entire life savings as many financial institutions went bankrupt. A New Deal agency created to generate electric power and control floods in a seven-u.s.-state region around the Tennessee River Valley. It created many dams that provided electricity as well as jobs.
40. Wagner 1935; established National Labor Relations Board; protected the rights of most workers in the private sector to organize labor unions, to engage in collective bargaining, and to take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands. 41. Warren G. Harding president who called for a return to normalcy following WWI