World War I United States History
Section 1
Nationalism Arms Race Alliances Assassination of Austrian- Hungary Archduke Causes of War
Nationalism Militarism Alliances -Devotion to one s nation. - A nation should express the nationalism of a single ethnic group. -Influenced by the Social Darwinism. - Glorification of the military.- Cause that the countries competes to get more and better arms. - Increase military technology. - European leaders formed alliances. - Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria- Hungary and Italy. - Triple Entente: France, Great Britain and Russia. Hungary heir was assassinated during a visit in Sarajevo June 28, 1914. AssassinationAustria-
Nationalism, Militarism, and Alliances. Assassination of Francis Ferdinand. German emperor demand Serbia s total collaboration in the assassinate investigation. Serbia denied. Austria- Hungary declared war on July 28, 1914. In less one week Russia helps Serbia. Germany declare war against Russia. Germany declare war against Belgium (neutral). Great Britain declare war against Germany. Fighting Begins
They built trenches to defend their position. The Western Front was the most important strategic place. The Trench Warfare was not the most effective but, the most used during war. War Scenery: Western Front
Machine Guns Artillery Field Guns Poison Gas Technology
Submarines Tanks and armored cars Airplanes Technology
Wilson Urges Neutrality One third of Americans were foreign born. They support the nation were they born. Americans support France and Great Britain. Two groups emerge: isolationist and interventionists.
Isolationist Believed that war non of America s business and that the nation should insolate itself from the hostilities. Interventionist If war affect American interests and that the United States should intervene in the conflict on the side of the Triple Entente.
US and Britain protect their ships Triple Entente defended the West Front Americans help the Triple Entente to weak Germany offensive American troops take advantages behind enemy lines
Britain decided to use their navy to blockade Germany. Germany respond using U-boats.(1915) On May 7, 1915 German U-boat sank British passenger liner Lusitania. Germans claimed that the ship was carrying ammunitions. Neutrality Gives Way to War
Congress pass laws to expand the size of the army and to built more warships. American trade with the Allies had sustained Britain and France, while British blockade of Germany had stopped the flow of American goods to Central Powers. Zimmermann note: Germany proposed an alliance with Mexico. If United States declared war to Mexico should declare war on US. In return, after Germany victory they will return all the territories that Mexico lost during Mexican- American War. US Congress approved the declaration of war on April 2, 1917. Wilson Prepares for War
Organizing the Economy Congress created new agencies staffed by business executives, managers, and government officials to coordinate mobilization and ensure the efficient use of national resources. War Industries Food Administration Fuel Administration National War Labor Board Estipulate to manufactures what to produce, allocated raw materials, ordered new factory construction, and sometimes set prices. Increased food production Reduce civilian consumption Promoted conservation of energy. Introduced the daylight saving time. Encouraged Heatless Mondays. Negotiate with industries how to treat their employees to avoid strikes that interfere with the production.
United States entered WWI in the spring of 1917. Russia signed the Treaty of Brest- Litovsk and ended the war between them and Germany. Triple Entente British France United States (Russia) Triple Alliance Germany Austria- Hungary The Fallen of the Triple Alliance
Cause: Desertion Cause: Insubordination War s End: November 11, 1918 Germany Surrender
13 million soldiers 6.5 million civilians Why do you think that Russia mobilized more troops? Why do you think that US was the nation that had lees mobilization of troops? War Casualties
Woodrow Wilson He believe in a peace without victory Presented the Fourteen Points Britain, France and Italy Protect their colonies Punish Germany Just accept the League of Nations Paris Peace Conference
The Treaty was rough with Germany Ireland didn t become a independent nation Some senators weren t agree with the Article 10 of the League of Nations Arabs felt betrayed Middle East, Asia and Africa wasn t able to practice self-determination Disagreements with the Treaty of Paris
Adjust to Peace 1918-1919 Influenza Virus Competitive Job Market Inflation The Red Scare Result of the creation of the Soviet Union. Communists called for an international workers revolution. Palmer Raids (1920) Sacco and Vanzetti Case Americans Embrace Normalcy Simpler Life under President Warren G. Harding US largest creditor nation New World Order led by US Effects of War on US soil