Water Rights in Southeast Asia and India

Water Rights in Southeast Asia and India

Water Rights in Southeast Asia and India Ross M ichael Pink

WATER RIGHTS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND INDIA Copyright Ross Michael Pink 2016 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2016 978-1-137-50422-7 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission. In accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 2016 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN The author has asserted their right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of Nature America, Inc., One New York Plaza, Suite 4500, New York, NY 10004-1562. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. ISBN: 978 1 349 58042 2 E-PDF ISBN: 978 1 137 50423 4 DOI: 10.1057/9781137504234 Distribution in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pink, Ross Michael, 1959 author. Water rights in Southeast Asia and India / Ross Michael Pink. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: "Examines the foremost human rights issue of the twenty-first century: clean drinking water. Dynamic and vital water issues are explored in nine countries: Burma/Myanmar, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. 800 million people today have no clean water sources. This number will soar to over two billion by 2050 because of pollution, surging population in the developing world, and climate change, which will accelerate drought, flooding, and disease. The global community has a historic and epic task to establish innovative and sustainable practices at both the international and village level to safeguard the precious human right to water for billions of citizens" Provided by publisher. 1. Right to water Southeast Asia. 2. Right to water India. 3. Water security Southeast Asia. 4. Water security India. 5. Drinking water Southeast Asia. 6. Drinking water India. I. Title. KNC581.P56 2015 346.504 32 dc23 2015017605 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library.

To my children, Jordan and Olivia, for their inspiration and idealism

C ONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 One Myanmar: Resolving Water Insecurity and Poverty 15 Two Cambodia: A Rural Water Crisis 35 Three India: Drought, Climate Change, and Poverty 63 Four Indonesia: One of the Most Polluted Countries in the World 93 Five Laos: The Poorest Country in Asia 119 Six People s Republic of China: Confronting Catastrophic Drought and Pollution 139 Seven The Philippines: Devastated by Climate Change 171 Eight Thailand: A Struggle against Climate-Change Flooding 187 Nine Vietnam: A Struggle against Climate-Change Drought 207 Conclusion : Innovation and Water Security 227 Notes 233 Index 249

A CKNOWLEDGMENTS There are many knowledgeable and dedicated people who promote water rights and education in their own unique and valuable ways. They have been tremendously supportive during the research and writing of this book. To my editor Rachel Krause at Palgrave Macmillan, for the vision and support to bring this educational project forward. To Khanh Truong, Hearts for Hue; Petrus Suryadiputra Swarnam, YDD; Muhammad Reza, KRuHA; Dr. Khin Maung Lwin and Dr. Khin Thet Wai; Dr. Kyi Lwin Oo; Dr. Wah Wah Aung; Dr. Tin Oo; Dr. Su Latt; Dr. Kyaw Zin Thant; Tun Myint; Dr. Pan Tao; Dr. Apichart Anukulamphai, Dr. Ammarin Daranpob, and Dr. Jingjai Hanchanlash; Thinley Dorji; Lisa Kircher Lumbao; Sim Saora; Dr. Yim Viriya; Dr. Noemi Gal-Or, Kwantlen Polytechnic University; Dr. Patrick James, the University of Southern California; Dr. Shinder Purewal, Kwantlen Polytechnic University; Luthfi Dhofier; Abraham Pitono; Zee Leung, IDRC; Dr. Corrine Schuster-Wallace, United Nations University, McMaster University; Minni Jain, director, Earthlinks UK / Tarun Bharat Sangh India FLOW Partnership; Rajendra Singh, founder, Tarun Bharat Sangh. To Palgrave Macmillan editorial assistants Veronica Goldstein and Bradley Showalter, for attentive and supportive guidance. To my caring family. To all, I express my grateful appreciation.