Empire and Modern Political Thought This collection of original chapters by leading historians of political thought examines modern European thinkers writings about conquest, colonization, and empire. The creation of vast transcontinental empires and imperial trading networks played a key role in the development of modern European political thought. The rise of modern empires raised fundamental questions about virtually the entire contested set of concepts that lay at the heart of modern political philosophy, such as property, sovereignty, international justice, war, trade, rights, transnational duties, civilization, and progress. From Renaissance republican writings about conquest and liberty to sixteenth-century writings about the Spanish conquest of the Americas through Enlightenment perspectives about conquest and global commerce and nineteenth-century writings about imperial activities both within and outside of Europe, these chapters survey the central moral and political questions occasioned by the development of overseas empires and European encounters with the non-european world among theologians, historians, philosophers, diplomats, and merchants. Sankar Muthu is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago. He is the author of Enlightenment against Empire. in this web service
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Empire and Modern Political Thought Edited by Sankar Muthu University of Chicago in this web service
cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473, USA Information on this title: /9780521839426 2012 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of. First published 2012 Printed in the United States of America A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Empire and modern political thought / [edited by] Sankar Muthu. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-521-83942-6 (hardback) 1. Imperialism Philosophy History. I. Muthu, Sankar, 1970 JC359.E44 2012 325.3201 dc23 2011045033 ISBN 978-0-521-83942-6 Hardback has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. in this web service
Contents Contributors Acknowledgments page vii ix Introduction 1 Sankar Muthu 1 Machiavelli s Three Desires: Florentine Republicans on Liberty, Empire, and Justice 7 Mikael Hörnqvist 2 Conquest and the Just War: The School of Salamanca and the Affair of the Indies 30 Anthony Pagden 3 Alliances with Infidels in the European Imperial Expansion 61 Richard Tuck 4 John Locke: Theorist of Empire? 84 David Armitage 5 Montesquieu on Empire and Enlightenment 112 Michael Mosher 6 Edmund Burke on Empire, Self-Understanding, and Sympathy 155 Uday S. Mehta 7 Adam Smith in the British Empire 184 Emma Rothschild 8 Conquest, Commerce, and Cosmopolitanism in Enlightenment Political Thought 199 Sankar Muthu v in this web service
vi Contents 9 Liberalism, Nation, and Empire: The Case of J. S. Mill 232 Pratap Bhanu Mehta 10 Republicanism, Liberalism, and Empire in Postrevolutionary France 261 Jennifer Pitts 11 Colonies and Empire in the Political Thought of Hegel and Marx 292 Gabriel Paquette 12 Social Theory in the Age of Empire 324 Karuna Mantena 13 Political Theory of Empire and Imperialism: An Appendix 351 Jennifer Pitts Index 389 in this web service
Contributors David Armitage Lloyd C. Blankfein Professor of History, Harvard University Mikael Hörnqvist Senior Lecturer in the History of Science and Ideas, Uppsala University Karuna Mantena Associate Professor of Political Science, Yale University Pratap Bhanu Mehta President, Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi Uday S. Mehta Distinguished Professor of Political Science, Graduate Center, City University of New York Michael Mosher Professor of Political Science, University of Tulsa Sankar Muthu Associate Professor of Political Science, University of Chicago Anthony Pagden Distinguished Professor of Political Science and History, University of California, Los Angeles Gabriel Paquette Assistant Professor of History, the Johns Hopkins University Jennifer Pitts Associate Professor of Political Science, University of Chicago Emma Rothschild Jeremy and Jane Knowles Professor of History, Harvard University Richard Tuck Frank G. Thomson Professor of Government, Harvard University vii in this web service
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Acknowledgments For their support of this book at various stages, I am very pleased to be able to thank Sunil Agnani, Richard Bourke, Greg Conti, Steve Macedo, John McCormick, Alan Patten, Alan Ryan, and Cheryl Welch. Thanks also to the Rockefeller Foundation, which sponsored a conference at its Bellagio Center at which early versions of some of the chapters were presented. In particular, thanks to Susan Garfield of the Rockefeller Foundation as well as Pilar Palacià and Laura Podio of the Bellagio Center. At, I thank the late Terence Moore for his early support of this book as well as my editor, Beatrice Rehl, both for her expert oversight of this project and for her patience. For their careful and conscientious work on this manuscript as it made its way through the production process at, I am very grateful to Maria den Boer, James W. Dunn, Asya Graf, Helen Greenberg, Amanda J. Smith, Emily Spangler, and Helen Wheeler. ix in this web service