Which of the following best describes the concept of civil rights? a. Rights generally accorded all citizens b. Political rights of speech and assembly c. Rights extended to citizens from legislative action d. The guarantees of life, liberty, and property granted to all citizens *e. Powers and privileges guaranteed to individuals and protected against arbitrary withdrawal by the government or individuals The Amendment provides that Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. a. Fourteenth *b. Thirteenth c. Eleventh d. Fifteenth e. Third The civil rights guarantee of equal protection of the laws is located in a. the Civil Rights Act of 1875. b. the Preamble to the Constitution. c. the Declaration of Independence. *d. the Fourteenth Amendment. e. the Sixth Amendment. In the years after the Civil War, former slave states enacted, attempting to restrict the freedoms of blacks. a. constitutional amendments b. civil rights legislation c. set-asides *d. black codes e. jurisdiction laws The amendment permitting black American men to vote is the a. Eleventh Amendment. b. Twelfth Amendment. *c. Fifteenth Amendment. d. Twenty-first Amendment. e. Twenty-third Amendment. Which of the following tactics were used by white southerners to keep blacks from voting in the years after the Civil War? a. Poll tax b. Literacy tests c. Grandfather clause d. Intimidation and violence *e. All of these choices are true.
Homer Plessy attempted to challenge Louisiana s racial segregation policies by *a. refusing to move from a whites-only Louisiana train car. b. sitting in at a whites-only restaurant. c. refusing to sit at the back of a New Orleans streetcar. d. sitting on the ground floor of a public theater, instead of in the balcony. e. sending his daughter for treatment to a superior whites only hospital. Plessy v. Ferguson, which involved segregated public accommodations, is noteworthy because it a. upheld the principles of the Fourteenth Amendment. b. applied the national supremacy clause to such cases. *c. endorsed the separate-but-equal doctrine. d. stated that Congress had no power to pass legislation requiring open public accommodations. e. removed the barrier that denied blacks the right to enter public accommodations. In Sweatt v. Painter, the Supreme Court a. specifically reaffirmed the separate-but-equal doctrine. b. ruled that the University of Texas Law School must at a minimum hire black teachers to provide a legal education for black students. c. decided that the University of Texas was justified in not creating a blacks-only law school. d. determined that steps the University of Texas Law School had taken on behalf of Sweatt were satisfactory. *e. failed to revisit the Plessy-era separate-but-equal doctrine. Which of the following statements concerning Brown v. Board of Education is not correct? a. Linda Brown s father attempted to enroll her in a white public school in Topeka, Kansas. b. A federal district court found that the local black public school was equal in quality to the white school. c. The Supreme Court intentionally delayed hearing the case until after the 1952 presidential election. d. The Supreme Court found that public school segregation violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. *e. The Court decision was 8 1, with one dissenting opinion by Chief Justice Fred Vinson. In Brown v. Board of Education II, the Supreme Court ordered that public school systems must desegregate a. at the discretion of the local school district. b. without further ado. c. immediately. *d. with all deliberate speed.
e. or face closure. In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court held that a. because conditions at Linda Brown s all-black school were equal to those at the nearby white school, Brown did not have a valid claim. b. the separate-but-equal doctrine was upheld, though for procedural reasons Brown would prevail in this case. *c. separate is inherently unequal. d. busing to achieve racial integration was allowed. e. Jim Crow laws did not violate the constitution. Racial segregation that is not the result of government action (for example resulting from residential patterns) is called segregation. a. de jure *b. de facto c. uncoordinated d. res mensa e. geographic De jure segregation is segregation that is a. regional but not national. b. local but not regional. c. pending review by an administrator. d. upheld by the courts. *e. government-imposed. The central crucible of the black civil rights movement were black *a. churches. b. public school teachers. c. small business owners. d. activists who bused in from the North and West. e. college students. In 1955, after Rosa Parks boarded a Montgomery city bus and refused to sit at the back, *a. she was arrested and fined $10 for violating the city ordinance. b. she was allowed to keep her seat. c. she got in a fight with the bus driver. d. the bus driver was prosecuted for violating Parks civil rights. e. None of these choices is true. If a person participates in a boycott, he or she a. commits civil disobedience. b. stages rallies to protest unenforced civil rights laws. c. violates small laws that are generally not enforced so that the local police are too busy to engage in larger crime enforcement.
d. urges businesses not to comply with federal safety standards. *e. refuses to buy goods from a particular company. Civil disobedience is *a. the willful but nonviolent breach of unjust laws. b. the failure to fulfill a contractual agreement. c. engaging in actions that are unlikely to promote social change. d. violent societal protest, such as staging a riot. e. the lawful refusal to follow a court order. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 provided for all of the following except a. equal access to public accommodations regardless of race, religion, or national origin. b. equal employment opportunities regardless of race. c. withholding federal grants-in-aid from state programs that discriminated on the basis of race. *d. elimination of the poll tax as a requirement for voting. e. strengthened voting rights legislation. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 bans a. only governmental acts of discrimination. b. only discrimination by educational institutions. *c. private and governmental acts of discrimination. d. only discrimination against women and African Americans. e. only private discrimination. In a challenge to the Civil Rights Act before the Supreme Court, the Court based its decision upholding the act on which constitutional principle? *a. Congress s power to regulate interstate commerce b. The Fifth Amendment s equal protection clause c. The Thirteenth Amendment s protection against slavery clause d. The federal government s duty to ensure domestic tranquility e. The Bill of Rights The event that served as the catalyst for the gay liberation movement in the United States was a. the Montgomery bus boycott. b. the New York City St. Patrick s Day Parade of 1984. *c. the Stonewall Riots. d. the Watts Riot. e. the Gay Pride March of 1971. Why did the women s suffrage movement aim at a constitutional amendment? a. State legislatures consistently opposed efforts to grant the right to vote to women. *b. The Supreme Court ruled against efforts to apply the Fourteenth Amendment to women.
c. Ordinary legislation that Congress had passed had proved ineffective. d. The experience of African Americans showed that only a constitutional amendment could quickly and effectively guarantee the right to vote. e. An amendment was perceived as the easiest path to equal rights. Demands for women s rights were born in large part from *a. the abolitionist movement. b. debates held during the Constitutional Convention of 1787. c. the aftermath of the Civil War and the growth of freedom that ensued. d. the largely African-American-inspired Civil Rights movement. e. anger over defeat of the Suffragist Movement. What women s rights activist first persuaded a U. S. California senator to introduce a constitutional amendment calling for the right of women to vote? a. Elizabeth Blackwell b. Betty Friedan c. Carrie Nation *d. Susan B. Anthony e. Eleanor Roosevelt Which amendment to the Constitution guaranteed women the right to vote? a. Fifteenth Amendment in 1870 b. Eighteenth Amendment in 1918 *c. Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 d. Twenty-fourth Amendment in 1964 e. Twenty-sixth Amendment in 1971 Language protecting women from employment discrimination was added to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act a. after the intervention of President Lyndon Johnson. b. after a three-day women s March on Washington. c. after a dramatic testimony to the U.S. House by Betty Friedan. d. buried within a larger thirty-page amendment that many opponents of the measure failed to closely read. *e. in an attempt to ridicule the overall law and make it unacceptable to some of the male members of the U.S. House The Equal Rights Amendment was passed a. by both houses and signed into law. b. by the House but failed in the Senate. *c. by both houses but fell three states short of ratification. d. and ratified but was overturned by the Supreme Court. e. by a three-fourths vote of the state legislatures. What is the major rationale for affirmative action?
a. All hiring and promotion should result from objective tests and measures of job performance. b. To achieve racial equality, it is necessary only to remove de jure segregation. c. Racial criteria should never be used in school admission or employment decisions. *d. Special consideration for racial minorities is necessary to overcome the effects of centuries of racial discrimination. e. Previous court decisions failed to specifically address minimum economic needs. People who feel that they were unfairly denied their right to admission, employment, or promotion because an affirmative action program placed someone of another race or sex ahead of them claim a. restraint of trade. *b. reverse discrimination. c. discrimination. d. unfair competition. e. unequal access. Allan Bakke s application to the University of California Medical School at Davis was rejected at least in part because he a. was an African American. *b. was white. c. was clearly not qualified based on his transcripts and test scores. d. applied to the wrong program. e. missed critical deadlines. The text suggests that in today s environment, minority identification on a law school application a. will generally have no significance. b. remains a disadvantage to the applicant. *c. can be seen as a positive benefit. d. is probably unconstitutional. e. will definitely result in reverse discrimination.