International History Declassified

Digital Archive International History Declassified digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org May 12, 1975 Note concerning a Conversation between Ambassador Everhartz with the Head of Department II in the DPRK Foreign Ministry, Comrade Choe Sang-muk, about the Visit by Comrade Kim Il Sung to the PR China Citation: Note concerning a Conversation between Ambassador Everhartz with the Head of Department II in the DPRK Foreign Ministry, Comrade Choe Sang-muk, about the Visit by Comrade Kim Il Sung to the PR China, May 12, 1975, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Political Archive of the Federal Foreign Office, Berlin (PolA AA), MfAA, C 6857. Translated for NKIDP by Bernd Schaefer. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/114127 Summary: Choe Sang-muk informs Everhartz about Kim Il Sung s recent visit to the PRC, in which Kim discussed the situation in Cambodia and South Vietnam and the unification of the Korean peninsula. Credits: This document was made possible with support from the ROK Ministry of Unification and the Leon Levy Foundation. Original Language: German Contents: English Translation Korean Translation

GDR Embassy to the DPRK Pyongyang, 12 May 1975 N o t e concerning a conversation between Ambassador Comrade Everhartz with the Head of Department II in the DPRK Foreign Ministry, Comrade Choe Sang-muk, on 7 May, 1975, about the Visit by Comrade Kim Il Sung to the PR China The meeting was arranged upon the initiative of the DPRK Foreign Ministry. Comrade Choe Sang-muk explained that the visit took place between 18 and 26 April in the PR China. The last visit by Comrade Kim Il Sung to the PRC was said to have taken place more than 10 years ago. The DPRK mostly attributed a protocol character to the visit, while its great importance lies in demonstrating, in certain situations, to the capitalist world how relations between DPRK and PRC are moving along well. Since the newspapers have reported extensively about Comrade Kim Il Sung's journey and its results, he [Choe] just wanted to provide additional information on some issues which go somewhat beyond the general public coverage. At both meetings with Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, an exchange of opinions was held about current political problems. The center of the talks was on the situation in Asia, in particular the newly emerging situation in Cambodia and South Vietnam and its impact on developments in South Korea. With other officials from the PRC, the same issues were discussed, in addition to the development of socialist construction in the respective countries as well as issues of Korean unification and Taiwan's alignment with China. With regard to the situation in Cambodia and South Vietnam, there was mutual agreement to continue the assistance to those peoples. Comrade Choe Sang-muk stated that Comrade Kim Il Sung alerted the Chinese side to attempts by the U.S. imperialists to continue their occupation of South Korea and to cement the existence of two Koreas in collaboration with Park Chung Hee. The Chinese side commented that it continues to recognize as correct the three principles for the reunification of the country from 1972, as well as the Five-Point-Proposal of Comrade Kim Il Sung. The Chinese stated those should serve as the basis for the unification of the country. The Chinese side condemned the attempts by U.S. imperialism to fabricate two Koreas as well as Park Chung Hee's terror against the South Korean population. The PRC is convinced that such a policy will suffer defeat. The Chinese side wants to launch further efforts and initiatives to remove the U.N. mandate from the U.S. forces and achieve their withdrawal from South Korea. China will continue to fully support the DPRK s peace offensive for the unification of the country. In the context of Park Chung Hee's attempts to establish contacts with socialist countries, the Chinese side stated it will not establish relations with this regime and is going to continue to fight for the isolation of the Park Chung Hee clique. When analyzing the situation of the countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, Kim Il Sung emphasized the need for increased cooperation with the states of the Third World in order to achieve larger support for the DPRK on issues concerning reunification of the country. The Chinese side stated its willingness to collaborate with the DPRK on this matter in the context of the Third World.

Both sides conducted negotiations about the expansion of economic relations. It was agreed to realize the mutual exchange of products for 1975 in full and in compliance with trade agreements signed. Given the fact that the DPRK s Six-Year-Plan will be fulfilled one year earlier than scheduled, there was an agreement to have negotiations on short notice about future cooperation in the context of scientific-technological collaboration and trade. There is the intention to extend economic relations in a systematic manner. Following up on this information I asked the following questions: - Were issues discussed concerning unity of the communist world movement? If so, which point of view was taken by the Chinese side? As the visit was conducted by a DPRK party and government delegation respective positions were discussed on this issue as well. The KWP has come up with its own position on the unity of the communist world movement and in particular regarding the socialist states. The leading comrades of the SED and the GDR government are aware of this position, which has not changed. Comrade Kim Il Sung reiterated this position also in his first speech. A joint communiqué cannot reflect everything that had been said. Yet the DPRK position on this issue is not identical with the Chinese position. He asked for my understanding not to elaborate further on these questions. - How does the Chinese side explain its growing relations with the most reactionary representatives of the FRG [Federal Republic of Germany, aka West Germany] monopolistic capitalists, and the shift of PRC policy towards positions directed against the GDR and other fraternal countries? There was no discussion about problems of Europe and the FRG. In its negotiations the DPRK side was mostly guided by commonalities. Questions where differences of opinions exist were deliberately not placed in the center of talks. Consequently, discussions focused mainly on the situation in Indochina and on problems of the Third World. - Comrade Kim Il Sung mentioned that in case of a war the DPRK would have only lose a line of demarcation but would gain instead an united Korea. How did the Chinese side comment on that? Comrade Kim Il Sung mostly talked about the situation in the country. He analyzed and explained how the Korean revolution is part of the world revolution. The most important question for the DPRK is the withdrawal of U.S. forces from South Korea. The DPRK is mainly concerned about international solidarity to strengthen its political course. The Chinese side supported the three principles and the Five-Point-Proposal of Comrade Kim Il Sung, which simultaneously serves as the DPRK peace program for the solution of the Korea question. - In speeches and documents both sides talked about the Third World, but what is the Chinese position on the First and Second World in comparison to the DPRK position?

The DPRK holds the opinion that the peace offensive also simultaneously means class struggle. If Park Chung Hee will launch a war, the Korean comrades expect respective support from their class brothers. The latter are primarily defined as the socialist countries and the progressive people of the world. Most important here are facts such as that the DPRK has a military assistance treaty with both the Soviet Union and the PR China. The DPRK is convinced that in case of war China will assist the DPRK the same way it did during the Patriotic Liberation War between 1950 and 1953. In his speech Deng Xiaoping stated the PR China will fight shoulder to shoulder with the DPRK for the reunification of the country. - What is the status of economic relations between DPRK and PR China? What volume is expected for those relations in upcoming future periods? Regarding economic relations it was reiterated that the trade agreements for 1975 will be mutually fulfilled. This way the [DPRK foreign ministry] conversation partner admitted there had been problems in this regard in the past. He claimed to be unable to provide exact figures about trade volumes of the current year and future plans. - Does information exist about travel intentions of Comrade Kim Il Sung for this year? It was confirmed that another journey is planned for this year. However, he does not know exactly which countries will be included and when the visits are going to take place. The meeting was open and friendly. It was evident that the partner was under instructions not to provide more detailed information. [Signed] Everhartz Ambassador CC: Comrade Mahlow Central Committee/ Department IV Comrade Moldt Foreign Ministry Comrade Liebermann Foreign Ministry, Far East Department Foreign Ministry/ Central Information Embassy

에버하르츠대사와조선민주주의인민공화국외무성제2부부장최상묵동지와의대화록 (1975년 5월 12일, 김일성동지의중국방문에대해서 ) 조선민주주의인민공화국주재동독대사관 1975 년 5 월 12 일평양 회의는조선민주주의인민공화국외무성의제안으로준비되었다. 최상묵동지는 4 월 18 일부터 26 일에있었던중국방문에대해설명했다. 김일성동지의중국방문은 10 년만의일이었다. 조선민주주의인민공화국은보통자본주의사회에게북중관계의견고함을보여주기위해중국을방문하곤한다. 김일성동지의방문과그성과에대해최근신문보도가있었으므로, 최상묵동지는대중에알려진것외에추가적인설명을제공하고싶어했다. 김일성동지는마우쩌둥과저우언라이를각각만나, 정치문제의해결방안에관한의견을교환했다. 대화는주로아시아의상황, 특히새롭게떠오르는캄보디아, 월남의상황과이것이남조선의성장에미치는영향에관한것이었다. 중국의다른공직자들과도이문제는물론각국의사회주의건설의전개상황, 한반도통일그리고대만의중국연합에관해서도논의했다. 캄보디아와월남의상황과관련하여이들에게지속적인지원을제공하는것에상호협의했다. 최상묵동지는김일성동지가미제국주의가남조선의점령을장기화하고박정희와협력하여분단을지속시키려한다는점을중국에경고했다고말했다. 중국은 1972 년의 3 대통일원칙은물론김일성동지의 5 대강령까지주지하고있다고대답했다. 중국은이것이한반도통일의밑거름이될것이라고했다. 중국은미제국주의가분단을획책하고박정희가남조선인민에게테러를자행하는것을비난했다. 중국은이것이실패할것이라고확신했다. 중국은미국의영향력하에있는유엔위임통치를중단하고, 남조선에서미군이철수하기를바란다. 중국은통일을위한조선민주주의인민공화국의평화공세를지속적으로전폭지지할것이다. 사회주의국가와의국교수립을위한박정희의노력에도불구하고, 중국은박정희정부와는수교를하지않을것이며박정희도당의고립을위하여투쟁을계속할것이라고입장을밝혔다. 아시아와아프리카, 남미의상황에대해서, 김일성은조선민주주의인민공화국의통일을위해 제 3 세계 와의연대필요성이점차증가하고있다고강조했다. 중국은이러한 제 3 세계 방침에대해조선민주주의인민공화국을흔쾌히지지한다고밝혔다. 양측은경제관계를확대하는것에대해협상했다. 체결된협정에따라 1975 년에전체적인상호교역을진행할것을합의했다. 조선민주주의인민공화국의 6 개년계획이계획보다 1 년먼저수행될것이라는점을감안하면, 과학기술협력과무역에대한미래협력에어느정도는동의했다고볼수있다. 이는조직적으로경제교역을확대하고자하는의도이다.

다음은나의질문에대한정보이다. 국제공산주의운동의통합에관한문제를논의했는가? 그렇다면중국은어떤입장인가? 조선민주주의인민공화국의당과정부대표자들이각부서별로모두방문에참여했기때문에이문제가제대로논의되었다. 조선로동당은국제공산주의운동에관한자신의독자적인입장, 특히사회주의적입장을내세웠다. 독일사회주의통합당과동독정부의지도자들은이입장이바뀌지않을것이라는것을알고있다. 김일성동지는이입장을그의첫번째연설에서다시되풀이했다. 공동성명에모든것을담을수는없는것이지만, 조선민주주의인민공화국은이문제에대해중국과입장을달리하고있다. 그는이문제에대해서더설명하지못함에양해를구했다. 서독의독점적자본주의의가장반동적인대표들과의관계는강화하면서, 동독및다른우방국들과는적을삼는최근중국의정책변화를어떻게설명할것인가? 유럽과서독에관한논의는없었다. 조선민주주의인민공화국은협상에서공통된안건에집중했다. 의견차가있는질문은다루어지지않았다. 주로인도차이나상황과 제 3 세계 에관한문제들위주로논의되었다. 김일성동지는전쟁시에조선민주주의인민공화국이분단선은잃겠지만통일된조선을얻게될것이라고언급한바있다. 이에대한중국의입장은무엇인가? 김일성은한반도상황에대해주로이야기했다. 그는조선혁명이세계혁명과정의한부분이라고분석하며설명했다. 조선민주주의인민공화국에있어가장중요한문제는남조선에서의미군철수이다. 조선민주주의인민공화국은이를위한정치적행보를강화하고자우선적으로국제연대를생각하고있다. 중국은조선문제를해결하기위한조선민주주의인민공화국의평화적구상인 3 대원칙과김일성동지의 5 대강령을지지했다. 양측의연설과문서에서 제 3 세계 를다루었는데, 제 1 세계와제 2 세계대한중국의입장을조선민주주의인민공화국과비교한다면어떠한가? 조선민주주의인민공화국은평화공세가결국계급투쟁이라고했다. 박정희가전쟁을시작한다면, 조선의동지들은사회주의국가들과세계진보인사의각계급에걸친지원을기대할것이다. 여기서가장중요한것은조선민주주의인민공화국이소련과중국양측과군사지원조약을맺었다는사실이다. 조선민주주의인민공화국은전쟁이발발한다면, 중국이애국해방전쟁 (1950-1953) 당시와같이우리를지원해줄것이라고확신한다.

덩샤오핑은연설에서중국이한반도의통일을위해조선민주주의인민공화국과함께싸울것이라고했다. 조선민주주의인민공화국과중국의경제관계는어떤가? 향후어느정도의교역량을예상하는가? 경제관계관련, 1975 년의무역협정이상호이행될것이라는것을다시한번언급했다. 이런식으로그는과거조선민주주의인민공화국외무성과의대화에서뭔가문제가있었음을인정했다. 그는올해의교역량과앞으로의계획에대해서정확한수치를제공할수없다고했다. 올해김일성동지의여행에어떤의도가있는가? 그는또다른여행이올해계획되어있다고하면서도언제어느나라를방문할지에대해서는정확히알지못했다 회의는공개적, 우호적으로진행되었지만, 자세한정보를제공하지는않을것을지시받은것이분명해보였다. [ 서명 ] Everhartz 대사 CC: Mahlow 동지 중앙위원회 / 제 4 부 Moldt 동지 외무부 Liebermann 동지 - 외무부, 극동부서 외무부 / 중앙정보부 대사관