INTEGRITY AND ETHICS न ष ठ /इम न द र त सद च

ISSUES 2 प न य इन टयन ट स व गत र नबए ग र हकर ई त ऩ त द ख र इस न स य ज सम भ बक ऩ यभ स झ क २० फसर स व थ ल म भ रष ट कभ च य र ई उड यह क ह लरक प टयफ ट फ म क न फपलरपऩन सक य ष रऩत क च वन सयक य क म रमभ र आभ घ स य : प रत व दन स व जतनक स व य स व ग र ह क सन ष ष टसम फन ध सव णभ क र स व ग र ह भध म ४०.८ प रत श र घ स फ झ एक ष ववक य क छन च य ऩफ न ह लरक प टय च ट य! न म म रमभ य जन त क छ म स न सभ त न छ, भ लरक हय उ छन

MORALE 3 Personal/individual and spiritual character Right and wrong at a much deeper level Basic human marker of right conduct and behavior No external inducements or constrains needed and usually do not change

ETHICS 4 Professional standards Declaration of the moral values and standards of behavior required by all in an organization Well founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific qualities.

INTEGRITY 5 State or quality of being complete, undivided or unbroken moral soundness, honesty, uprightness It is a concept of consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations and outcomes Knowing and doing right things

ISSUES 6 Slaughtering animals and consuming meats Throwing thrashes from public buses then and now Abortion

7 Study Findings

8 35000 30000 25000 Figure : Trends of Corruption and Improper Conduct Cases Lodged Year 2006 to 2015 22602 31213 20000 15000 10000 5000 4324 3564 2732 4149 4294 6145 8839 11298 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Case Lodged Source: CIAA Annual Reports.

11 Officer, Non-officer and Corruption Complaints Types of Corruption Position Total (N) Officer (%), N = 803 Non-Officer (%), N = 1213 Fake Document Related 11.0 89.0 100.0 (630) Illegal Benefits and Illicit Earnings 66.4 33.6 100.0 (286) Bribery 42.7 57.3 100.0 (260) Fraud 56.0 44.0 100.0 (50) Misuse of Public Property 50.1 49.9 100.0 (485) Procurement and Construction 53.1 46.9 100.0 (305) Total 39.8 60.2 100.0 (2016) Chi Square 353.835*** Likelihood Ratio 393.003*** Phi and Cramer's V 0.419*** Note: Table generated based on the cases published in CIAA annual reports (2006-2015).

12 PUBLIC SECTOR ETHICS: CRITICAL ASPECTS Publicness in public service Capacity of public sector Healthy governance Effective prevention Sharp detection Robust prosecution and recovery Culture of integrity in public service Motivated primarily by money or professional fulfilment Sense of ownership: attachment, team sprit, proudness,

Case: Willing DEO Can Make a 13 Difference Watch the video case: Willing DEO Can Make a Difference Make note on how he was able to organize Share it in plenary.

SOURCES OF MORAL VALUES AND BEHAVIORAL NORMS Huberts, Maesschalck and Jurkiewicz, 2008; Ethics and Integrity of Governance Source Human Universals Cultural/ Social Perspectives Rational Analysis/Cognitive Processes Non-rational/Need based Perspective Theological Perspective Professional and Bureaucratic Roles Characteristics Innate and natural Derived from natural rights theory Experience with the environment Represented by behavioral psychology Thought, Reason and Education Experience, Expertise and Emotion God given moral values Unchallengeable among believers Public service ethics systems Public opinion

Options 15 A lawyer s approach Toughening laws & legislations A businessman s approach Offering incentives to officials to disengage from corruption (buy out corruption). A market or an economist s approach Introduce or increase competition An institutional approach Genuine political/leadership commitment

Promoting Integrity and Ethics 16 Identify and name an integrity problem Knowledge of the legislation, codes, standards, related to the problem Identify the solution

Things We Need! 17 Organisation: Commitment Clear set of values and standards Communication of values and standards Continuous and consistent actions Moreover, Acknowledge that it starts with me! Establish a legend; let it be disseminated Be wiling to pay price

References 19 Graaf, Gjalt De, 2007, Causes Of Corruption: Towards A Contextual Theory Of Corruption, Public Administration Quarterly, 39-86. Jain, Arvind, 2001, Corruption: A Review, Journal of Economic Surveys Vol 15, No.1, 71-121 Pinto, Jonathan; Carrie R. Leana; Frits K. Pil, 2008, Corrupt Organizations Or Organizations Of Corrupt Individuals? Two Types Of Organization-level Corruption, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 33, No. 3, 685 709 http://integrityaction.org/ Adhikari, S.H., 2014, Patron-Client Politics and Governance System of Nepal, submitted to Seoul National University, Republic of Korea, 2014 Adhikari, S.H., Gupta, A.K., & Shrestha, G.L. (2016). Level, Pattern and Trend of Corruption (Analysis Based on the Corruption and Improper Conducts' Cases Published by Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority, Nepal). Lalitpur, Nepal: Nepal Administrative Staff College.