1. In the Dred Scott case, the first question faced by the Supreme Court was A. Whether or not Scott was a citizen B. The legality of slavery in Missouri C. The constitutionality of inheritance laws involving slaves D. Whether slaves could be taken across state lines E. Whether Scott s owner had the right to free him 2. The Emancipation Proclamation freed A. All African Americans B. Only slaves in the loyal border states C. Only slaves in the Confederate-controlled areas D. Only slaves in the military occupation zones of the Union army E. All slaves 3. Regiments of black soldiers assigned to duty in the West became known as A. Lincoln s Brigade B. Freedmen Fighters C. Buffalo Soldiers D. Exodusters E. The Ethiopian Regiment 4. In using the term New South, Henry Grady meant A. Reconstruction had achieved its goal B. The old planter elite no longer dominated the South C. The former Confederate states were now looking forward-looking and embraced industrialization D. Democrats had reclaimed control of the South E. Blacks had been brought under control by the sharecropping system 5. The African American leader who advocated higher education as a means of achieving equality was A. Marcus Garvey B. W.E.B. Du Bois C. Henry Pratt D. Booker T. Washington E. Ida B. Wells 6. The arrival of large numbers of immigrants during the a840s and 1850s A. Was a positive development for American cities B. Did not contribute measurably to city development C. Worsened the already serious problem of the cities
D. Did not worsen living conditions in the cities E. Forced the development of more sanitary waste systems 7. What amendment to the Constitution states that no person could be denied the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude? A. Eleventh B. Twelfth C. Thirteenth D. Fourteenth E. Fifteenth 8. The leader of the Tuskegee Institute and advocate of vocational training for African Americans was A. Marcus Garvey B. W.E.B. Du Bois C. Henry Pratt D. Booker T. Washington E. Gertrude Bonnin 9. After the Civil War, A. There was little need for reform movements B. Women were excluded from reform movements C. Reform movements remained active in American life D. The national government was the major agent for change E. Reformers focused exclusively on temperance 10. Jim Crow was a term referring to A. Sharecropping B. Lynching young black men C. A Klan leader D. Legalizes racial segregation E. Voting rights suppression 11. The federal agency designed to assist former slaves in/making the economic adjustment to freedom was known as the A. Freedmen s Bureau B. Department of education C. African American Rights Association D. Liberty Association E. Southern Reconstruction Agency
12. The Radical Republicans believed A. That the process of Reconstruction should be completed quickly B. That the South should be treated with sympathy and compassion C. That Reconstruction policy should be initiated by the president D. That the rights of the freedmen should be ensured by the federal government E. In inherent equality between races 13. Andrew Johnson was indicated by the House for his violation of the A. Civil Rights Act of 1866 B. Tenure of Office Act C. Wade-Davis Bill D. Fourteenth Amendment E. Loyalty Act 14. The principle of racial segregation was upheld in the court case A. Holden v. Hardy B. Prigg v. Illinois C. Plessey v. Ferguson D. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas E. Tape v. Hurley 15. The foreign policy initiative calling for an end to all European colonization efforts in the Western Hemisphere was known as the A. Monroe Doctrine B. Adams-Onis Agreement C. Continental Treaty 1818 D. Webster-Ashburton Treaty E. American-System 16. Which of the following in NOT true of American politics in the 1870s and 1880s? A. The republicans dominated the Northeast B. The Democrats dominated the South C. National elections were usually decided in the doubtful states that extended from New York to Illinois D. The influence of the Civil War generation was fading E. Nationally, the two parties were evenly balanced in strength
17. Which of the following was NOT part of the Republican Party s platform in the post-civil War period? A. High protective tariffs B. Civil rights legislation C. Subsidies to railroads D. Decentralized government power E. Promotion of moral progress 18. One of the South s greatest challenges during the Civil War was A. The reluctance of southern farmers to shift from cotton to foodstuffs B. Strengthening its own naval blockade of northern ports C. Breaking the military alliance between the North and Great Britain D. Trying to find even a few qualified generals E. To keep slaves from escaping 19. In the beginning, the Civil War was A. A struggle to free the slaves B. A struggle to preserve the Union C. A contest of sectional supremacy D. A personal struggle between Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis E. A struggle to preserve King Cotton 20. In the 1850s, the most important example of literary abolitionism was A. Uncle Tom s Cabin B. Moby Dick C. Walden D. The Raven E. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl 21. The organization that symbolized most vividly the white-backlash of the Reconstruction era was A. The Union League B. The Freedmen s Bureau C. The Redeemers D. The White Citizens Council E. The Ku Klux Klan
22. The border states of Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas (A) never seceded from the Union (B) were the first states to secede from the Union (C) seceded immediately after Lincoln s election as president (D) secede after Lincoln called for troops to suppress the rebellion (E) secede immediately after Lincoln s inauguration. Election of 1860 Candidate Popular Vote % of Popular Vote Electoral Vote Lincoln 1,867,198 39.79% 180 (every free state vote except 3 of 7 NJ) Douglas 1,379,434 29.4% 12 (only Missouri & 3 of 7 of NJ) Breckinridge 854,248 18.2% 72 (all cotton states) Bell 591,658 12.61% 39 (Virg, Ky, Tenn) 23. According to the table shown above, which of the following statements concerning the Election of 1860 is correct? (A) Abraham Lincoln won majorities in both the popular vote and the electoral college vote. (B) Stephen Douglas came in second in both the popular vote and the electoral college vote. (C) John C. Breckinridge came in second in both the popular vote and the electoral college vote. (D) Lincoln won because Douglas and Breckinridge split the votes from the South in the electoral college. (E) Breckinridge came in third in the popular vote but second in the electoral college vote. 24. All of the following were Confederate handicaps during the Civil War except: (A) depreciation of currency (B) over reliance on states rights (C) inadequate training of officers (D) poor use of available manpower (E) romantic view of warfare.
In his Inaugural Address Lincoln said: If the United States be not a government proper, but an association of States in the nature of contract merely, can it, as a contract, be peaceably unmade, by less than all the parities who made it? 25. In this statement Lincoln (A) rejected the theory that the southern states had the right to secede from the Union (B) conceded that the southern states could use force to break out of the Union (C) revealed his readiness to negotiate a peaceable dissolution of the Union (D) threatened to use force to keep the southern states in the Union (E) conceded that the United States did not have proper government. 26. King Cotton diplomacy was strategy used by (A) the South to force European recognition of the Confederacy by withholding cotton (B) the South to break the Union blockade of the Confederacy (C) the North to prevent European recognition of the Confederacy (D) the European powers to negotiate an end to the American Civil War (E) the European powers to break the Union blockade of the Confederacy. 27. The Battle of Vicksburg was important for the outcome of the Civil War because it (A) It gave the Union Army control over the Gulf of Mexico. (B) It led directly to Robert E. Lee s surrender of his army. (C) It gave the Union Army control of the South s capital. (D) It gave the Union Army control over the entire length of the Mississippi River. (E) It contributed directly to the Union Army s victory at Gettysburg. 28. In his 1863 plan for reconstruction, Lincoln announced that the people of a Confederate state could form a new government that he would recognize if (A) one tenth of the citizens took an oath of allegiance to the United States and accepted the wartime laws emancipating slaves (B) one tenth of the citizens took an oath of allegiance to the United States and yielded all of their property to the state government (C) a majority of the citizens ratified the Thirteenth Amendment and repudiated the Confederate debt (D) a majority of the citizens ratified the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments and repudiated the Confederate debt (E) one tenth of the citizens took an oath of allegiance to the United States and granted emancipated slaves the right to vote.
29. After he took office Andrew Johnson alienated northern Republicans when he (A) openly broke with Lincoln s reconstruction policies (B) attempted to obstruct the ratification of the thirteenth Amendment (C) permitted former rebels to assume control of southern state governments (D) supported a new federal law that restricted the rights of the freedmen (E) ignored the activities of the Ku Klux Klan. 30. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the impeachment of Andrew Johnson? (A) He was tried and convicted by the Senate. (B) He was tried but not convicted by the House of Representatives. (C) He was tried but not convicted by the Supreme Court. (D) He was tried but not convicted by the Senate. (E) He resigned his office rather than face a trial by the Senate. 31. All of the following factors contributed to the decline of Radical Reconstruction in the South except: (A) terroristic attacks against black and white Republicans by southern whites (B) the death or retirement of northern radical leaders (C) decreasing interest and growing disillusionment among Northerners about the issues of government in the South (D) an unwillingness to use force indefinitely to maintain racial equality in the South (E) a growing opposition to the policies of Andrew Johnson among Northerners. 32. Organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan were organized in a number of Southern states after the Civil War for the purpose of (A) extorting large amounts of money from former slaves (B) promising the return of former slaves to Africa (C) preventing the former slaves from voting (D) commemorating those who had died in the war (E) preparing for another armed uprising against the federal government.
33. Which of the following statements is true of Lincoln s Ten Percent Plan? (A) It stipulated that at least ten percent of former slaves must be accorded the right to vote within a given southern state before that state could be readmitted to the Union (B) It allowed the rights of citizenship only to those Southerners who could take an oath that they had never been disloyal to the Union (C) It allowed high-ranking rebel officials to regain the right to vote and hold office by simply promising future good behavior (D) It was silent on the issue of slavery (E) It provided for the restoration of loyal governments for the erstwhile Confederate states now under Union control. 34. All of the following were parts of Andrew Johnson s plan for Reconstruction except: (A) recommending to the Southern states that the vote be extended to the recently freed slaves (B) requiring ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment (C) requiring payment of monetary reparations for the damage caused by the war (D) requiring renunciation of secession (E) requiring repudiation of the Confederate debt. 35. When President Andrew Johnson removed Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton without the approval of the Senate, contrary to the terms of the recently passed Tenure of Office Act, he (A) was impeached and removed from office (B) came within one vote of being impeached (C) was impeached and came within one vote of being removed from office (D) resigned to avoid impeachment and was subsequently pardoned by his successor (E) was impeached, refused to resign, and his term ended before a vote could be taken on his removal from office. 36. In speaking of scalawag, white Southerners of the Reconstruction era had reference to (A) former slaves who had risen to high positions within the Reconstruction governments of the southern states (B) Northerners who had come south to take up high positions within the Reconstruction governments of the southern states (C) the U.S. Army generals who served as military governors in the South (D) the Radical Republicans in Congress who imposed the Reconstruction regimes on the South (E) Southerners who supported or participated in the Reconstruction regimes.
37. The Morrill Land Grant Act provided (A) one hundred sixty acres of free land within the public domain to any head of household who would settle on it and improve it over a period of five years (B) large amounts of federal government land to states that would establish agricultural and mechanical colleges (C) forty acres of land to former slaves (D) that the land of former Confederates should not be confiscated (E) large reservations for the Indians of the Great Plains. 38. Which of the following statements is true of the Wade-Davis bill? (A) It allowed restoration of a loyal government when as few as ten percent of a state s pre-war registered voters swore future loyalty to the Union and acceptance of emancipation (B) It explicitly required that the vote be accorded to the recently freed slaves (C) It allowed high-ranking rebel officials to regain the right to vote and hold office by simply promising future good behavior (D) It was pocket-vetoed by Lincoln (E) It provided substantially more lenient terms of Reconstruction than those favored by Lincoln. 39. In response to President Andrew Johnson s relatively mild reconstruction program, the Southern states did all of the following except: (A) refuse to repudiate the Confederate debt (B) elect many former high-ranking Confederates to Congress and other top positions (C) refuse to grant blacks the right to vote (D) attempt to re-institute slavery (E) pass special Black Codes restricting the legal rights of blacks.
40. The primary underlying reason that Reconstruction ended in 1877 was that (A) Southerners had succeeded in electing anti-reconstruction governments in all the former Confederate states (B) all the goals set by the Radical Republicans at the end of the Civil War had been accomplished (C) leading Radicals in the North had become convinced that Reconstruction had been unconstitutional (D) Northern voters had grown weary of the effort to Reconstruct the South and generally lost interest (E) Republican political managers had come to see further agitation of North-South differences arising from the Civil War as a political liability. 41. Waving the bloody shirt was the name given to the practice of (A) scaring black potential voters into staying away from the polls (B) voting large appropriations of federal funds for unnecessary projects in a powerful congressman s district (C) using animosities stirred up by the Civil War to gain election in the post-war North (D) inciting the country to go to war with Spain (E) machine politics as practiced in many major cities during the late 19th century. 42. The main reason that President Grant s administration is considered a failure is (A) his failure to retreat from the radical Reconstruction policies of his predecessors (B) his failure to effectively quell the Indian uprisings in the Western territories (C) his failure to control the corruption permeating his administration (D) his attempts to destroy the Democratic Party and return the country to a one-party system (E) his failure to be reelected after serving his first term in office. 43. The black codes of many Southern states in the 1830s were intended to (A) force Northern states to return runaway slaves to their Southern masters (B) prevent slave rebellions by allowing the execution of any slave found guilty of attempting to gain his or her freedom (C) limit the rights of freed blacks and force them to migrate to Northern states where they couldn t serve as models for slaves to idolize or emulate (D) keep all blacks in servitude by refusing to recognize any black as free and allowing so-called free blacks to be rounded up and enslaved whenever a shortage of slave labor developed (E) deal with the increased number of people of mixed race (due to white slaveholders impregnating black slaves) by setting up strict standards as to who was genetically white and who was genetically black.