acidification, glacial retreat and related impacts, salinization, land and forest degradation, loss of biodiversity and desertification.

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Mapping of existing institutional arrangements that address loss and damage associated with climate change impacts, including extreme weather events and slow onset events At the Doha Climate Change Conference, the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC requested the UNFCCC secretariat to prepare a technical paper on gaps in existing institutional arrangements within and outside of the Convention to address loss and damage, including those related to slow onset events. 1 In order to obtain an objective overview of the landscape of existing institutional arrangements address the full spectrum of loss and damage associated with climate change impacts, we would like to seek inputs, through the enclosed template, from a wide range of organizations and networks engaged in work related to reducing vulnerability and building resilience against climate change. To this end, we would be most grateful if you could kindly provide information on institutional arrangements in which your organization or its associated networks are engaged, to address loss and damage associated with climate change impacts, including extreme weather events and slow onset events (L&D). Please note that for the purpose of this mapping exercise, we are primarily soliciting information profiling ongoing efforts to address L&D that involve some form of organizational structure at trans-boundary, sub-regional, regional and/or international level. On the substantive focus of the institutional arrangements, please note that COP Decision 3/CP.18 identifies a range of undertakings to enhance action on addressing L&D, including: (a) Assessing the risk of loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change, including slow onset impacts; (b) Identifying options and designing and implementing country-driven risk management strategies and approaches, including risk reduction, and risk transfer and risk-sharing mechanisms; (c) The systematic observation of, and data collection on, the impacts of climate change, in particular slow onset impacts, and accounting for losses, as appropriate; (d) Implementing comprehensive climate risk management approaches, including scaling up and replicating good practices and pilot initiatives; (e) Promoting an enabling environment that would encourage investment and the involvement of relevant stakeholders in climate risk management; (f) Involving vulnerable communities and populations, and civil society, the private sector and other relevant stakeholders, in the assessment of and response to loss and damage; (g) Enhancing access to, sharing and the use of data, at the regional, national and subnational levels, such as hydrometeorological data and metadata, on a voluntary basis, to facilitate the assessment and management of climate-related risk. 1 COP Decision 1/CP.16 identifies slow onset events to include: sea level rise, increasing temperatures, ocean acidification, glacial retreat and related impacts, salinization, land and forest degradation, loss of biodiversity and desertification. 1

Inputs provided by: (please provide the name of your organization) 1. General description of mandates and objective(s) of your organization / associated network with institutional structure (Please provide information on organizational mandates and objective(s) of the organization / associated network with organizational/institutional structure, as explicitly and/or implicitly relevant to addressing loss and damage associated with climate change impacts, including extreme weather events and slow onset events. Please feel free to expand the boxes as needed throughout the template. ) General: Established in 1951, IOM is the leading inter- governmental organization in the field of migration and works closely with governmental, intergovernmental and non- governmental partners. IOM has 151 member states as of 2013, 12 states holding observer status, and more than 470 offices in over 130 countries. Mission statement and mandate: IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As the leading international organization for migration, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: - Assist in meeting the growing operational challenges of migration management - Advance understanding of migration issues - Encourage social and economic development through migration - Uphold the human dignity and well- being of migrants Organizational structure: IOM is composed of the following organs: - The Council, on which each Member State has one representative and one vote, is the highest authority and determines IOM policies. - The Executive Committee, at present comprising 35 Member States elected for a two- year period, examines and reviews the policies, operations and administration of the Organization. - The Standing Committee on Programmes and Finance, which is open to the entire membership, normally meets twice a year to examine and review policies, programmes and activities and to discuss budgetary and financial matters. - The Administration, which comprises the Director General, the Deputy Director General and such staff as the Council may determine, is responsible for administering and managing the Organization in accordance with the Constitution and the policies and decisions of the Council and the Executive Committee. The Director General, who is the Organization s highest executive official, and the Deputy Director General are elected by the Council for a period of five years. IOM is made up of the Headquarters in Geneva, the Manila Administrative Centre (MAC) and the Panama Administrative Centre (PAC), and the various Regional Offices (ROs), Special Liaison Offices (SLOs) and Country Offices (COs). Purposes and Functions: The IOM Constitution gives explicit recognition to the link between migration and economic, social and 2

cultural development, as well as to the right of freedom of movement of persons. IOM works in four areas of migration management: migration and development, facilitating migration, regulating migration, and addressing forced migration. Cross- cutting activities include the promotion of international migration law, policy debate and guidance, protection of migrants rights, migration health and gender. Link to loss and damage associated with climate change impacts: Through its mandate, IOM's programmes encompass all types of migration (forced, voluntary, internal, cross- border), including in particular movements related to natural disasters, environmental change and climate change (including extreme weather events and slow onset events). IOM's three core objectives are: preventing forced migration, assisting and protecting vulnerable mobile populations (including displaced persons) in the immediate to long- term, and promoting migration as an adaptation and livelihood strategy. These objectives are directly relevant to addressing economic, social and cultural loss and damage related to the negative impacts of climate change on human mobility. 2. Relevant operational framework(s) (Please provide information on the relevant operational framework(s) (e.g. programming principles, resource allocation strategies, coordination mechanism for operations at different levels etc.) within your organization/associated network as relevant to implementing work related to risk management for loss and management associated with climate change impacts) The following IOM operational frameworks and programmes provide the background for addressing issues related to migration and risk in the context of natural disasters and environmental change and degradation. As such, these frameworks and programmes may have direct relevance to loss and damage associated with climate change, as related to migration, displacement and planned relocations, as well as to the areas of action described in decision 3/CP.18: - IOM Constitution, which sets out the basis for IOM operations and support to national authorities and local communities in migration management, through direct assistance, promotion of political dialogue and research on the role of human mobility, including in the context of natural disasters and crises. The Constitution also recognizes the relationship between migration and the economic, social and cultural conditions, providing a background for IOM's operational and research work addressing the links between human mobility and environmental risk. - The IOM Strategy, adopted by the membership at the Ninety- third (Special) Session of the Council in June 2007, defines the Organization s strategic focus in the coming years. The Strategy outlines the following activities in relation to Environmental Degradation and Migration: - To offer expert advice, research, technical cooperation and operational assistance to States, intergovernmental and non- governmental organizations and other stakeholders, in order to build national capacities and facilitate international, regional and bilateral cooperation on migration matters. - To be a primary reference point for migration information, research, best practices, data collection, compatibility and sharing. 3

- To promote, facilitate and support regional and global debate and dialogue on migration, including through the International Dialogue on Migration, so as to advance understanding of the opportunities and challenges it presents, the identification and development of effective policies for addressing those challenges and to identify comprehensive approaches and measures for advancing international cooperation. - To participate in coordinated humanitarian responses in the context of inter- agency arrangements in this field and to provide migration services in other emergency or post crisis situations as appropriate and as relates to the needs of individuals, thereby contributing to their protection. - The IOM Migration Crisis Operational Framework (MCOF), developed at the request of States in 2012, to improve and systematize IOM's support to States and institutional partners in responding to the assistance and protection needs of populations affected by crises, including sudden or slow onset natural crises. The MCOF is intended to complement existing response systems and cover those patterns of mobility that are not covered by current regional, international and national frameworks. The MCOF covers all three phases of a crisis (pre- crisis preparedness, emergency response and post- crisis recovery) through interventions such as disaster risk reduction, disaster risk management and climate change adaptation. The MCOF addresses 15 sectors of assistance through IOM expertise in humanitarian activities and migration management services, including in particular: Camp management and displacement tracking; Shelter and non- food items; (Re)integration assistance; Disaster risk reduction and resilience building; Land and property support; Diaspora and human resource mobilization; Migration policy and legislation support. Furthermore, the MCOF, endorsed by IOM s Member States in November 2012, makes an explicit recognition of the links between disasters, climate change, loss and damage and human mobility: A slow- onset natural disaster, which can be exacerbated by the impact of climate change on the environment, such as drought, rising sea levels or coastal erosion, results in the eventual destruction and loss of shelter, infrastructure and livelihoods. It leads to internal and/or cross- border movements of affected populations, such as from rural to urban areas or within urban areas. For more information please refer to http://www.iom.int/cms/mcof The following documents provide further basis for IOM's institutional approach to environment and migration (including climate change): - Discussion Note: Migration and Environment, 94th Council Session document MC/INF/288 (2007) - 3rd Session of the Standing Committee on Programmes and Finance on Migration and the Environment (2008) (restricted access) - Paper on "IOM S role in the humanitarian response to displacement induced by natural disasters", 9th Standing Committee on Programmes and Finances (2011) (restricted accesss) In addition, IOM is part of the following external partnerships and frameworks: - Inter- Agency Standing Committee - United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) - United Nations Consolidated Appeals Process and Cluster Approach, in which IOM has the lead role in 4

camp coordination and camp management in natural disasters - Global Migration Group (for more information, please refer to the Statement of the Global Migration Group on the Impact of Climate Change on Migration) - Climate Change, Environment, and Migration Alliance (CCEMA) - United Nations: work with UNCT at country level, and collaboration with UNHCR, UNEP, UNDP and UNESCO - Nansen Initiative Steering Committee - Other partnerships, including the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the UN University (UNU- EHS), Munich Re Foundation, DARA. 3. Focus areas of risk management for loss and damage associated with climate change impacts (Please provide information on the areas of work in relation to the items included in decision 3/CP.18 as listed in the introductory note as well as any additional focus areas, that your organization/associated network has been mandated to address. These could include relevant institutional policy statements/operational guidance documents etc. Please provide web links where further details can be found.) IOM's work and inputs in relation to loss and damage associated with climate change impacts directly relates to paragraph 7.(vi) of the decision 3/CP.18, which acknowledges the necessity of "further work to advance the understanding of and expertise on loss and damage, which includes [...] how impacts of climate change are affecting patterns of migration, displacement and human mobility". IOM's efforts in this field build on: - IOM's joint submission to the SBI Work Program on Loss and Damage in October 2012 with UNHCR, UNU, NRC, IDMC and the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of IDPs, entitled "Human mobility in the context of loss and damage from climate change: Needs, gaps, and roles of the Convention in addressing loss and damage"; - IOM's role in integrating human mobility into the UN Plan of Action in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience; - IOM's adherence to the Hyogo Framework of Action. - For more information, please refer to the publication "International Dialogue on Migration N 18 - Climate Change, Environmental Degradation and Migration" (2011). IOM takes a comprehensive institutional approach in addressing human mobility in relation to environmental and climate change, which encompasses operational activities and research and policy activities. 1. The following operational focus areas of IOM have a direct application for loss and damage associated with climate change impacts: - Land and Property: access, ownership and tenancy rights, mapping, enumeration and titling, dispute resolution, access to justice and compensation/restitution mechanisms for lost land, property and livelihood resulting from forced migration associated with climate change; - Migration and Disaster Risk Management (DRM)*: As the Cluster Lead for Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) in natural disaster situations, IOM plays an essential role in the international coordinated humanitarian response system. IOM also provides humanitarian protection and assistance to 5

affected populations by delivering shelter, logistics, health, WASH, protection and early recovery activities; - Migration and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)*: bridging humanitarian and development efforts to prevent, prepare, respond, mitigate and address the consequences of disasters on human mobility by addressing vulnerabilities and strengthening resilience. (See http://www.iom.int/cms/drr- compendium); - Migration and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA)*: efforts to adapt to the consequences of climate change and increase climate risk resilience, and to facilitate migration as an adaptation strategy; - Migration and Development: contributing to poverty reduction and development through benefits of human mobility (including remittances); - Cross- cutting issues: gender, age, health, ethnicity, human rights, human security in relation to migration induced by environmental factors. *For more information on DRM, DRR and CCA at IOM, please refer to IOM page on DRR http://www.iom.int/cms/drr and to the publication Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Change Adaptation and Environmental Migration: A Policy Perspective (IOM, 2010). 2. The following research and policy focus areas are of relevance to loss and damage associated with climate change impacts: IOM research and policy efforts on migration, environment and climate change are based on a holistic, multidisciplinary approach, realizing the complexity of the migration- environment nexus, and the necessity to take into account multiple factors, including human security, human and economic development, livelihood strategies and conflict. Concretely, IOM research and policy efforts are devoted to: - Improving the understanding and conceptualization of the complex links between migration, environment, climate change, risk and development, including terminology, legal frameworks, to better accompany IOM's operational approach to DRM, DRR, CCA, vulnerability and resilience; - Identifying emerging areas of concern, such as loss and damage, financial mechanisms, urbanization, SIDS, pastoralists, tracking and modeling population movements, planned relocations from high risk areas; - Identifying best practices and appropriate frameworks and policies; - Developing mobility- based indicators of vulnerability and resilience to contribute to designing and implementing better risk reduction and mobility management measures, and to reducing losses from environmental shocks and change; - Integrating human mobility into climate change and environmental agenda (as observer to the climate change negotiations, through joint submissions to SBI with other institutional partners on human mobility, and work with UNCCD); - Integrating human mobility into disaster risk management and disaster risk reduction agenda at the global policy level (Inter- Agency Standing Committee, UNISDR, Post Hyogo Framework of Action, UN Plan of Action in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience, and integrating DRR into UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), Rio+20, and Habitat III); - Integrating human mobility into the development agenda (post- 2015); - Integrating climate change and environmental concerns into the migration agenda (UN High Level Dialogue on Migration and Development); - Building States capacity to address migration related to climate change and incorporate human mobility into 6

national adaptation strategies (NAPs and NAPAs). 4. Geographic coverage Worldwide (more than 130 countries, for more details please refer to the page Coverage of IOM Regional Offices and IOM's main website) 5. Key stakeholders - Local, national and regionals authorities and institutions - Migrants - Affected individuals and communities - Civil society - Institutional partners (UN and other intergovernmental organizations) 6. Implementation modality / delivery mechanisms IOM works in close cooperation with governments, local authorities and communities, as well as UN agencies, civil society organizations (CSOs) and the private sector. Implementation modalities vary from project to project and are based on relevant expertise, and include direct implementation by IOM, joint implementation with government and institutional partners, and externalization to service providers. With more than 470 offices in 130 countries, IOM has direct outreach to affected communities, stakeholders and governments, which facilitates timely delivery of services and assistance tailored to specific local needs. Over the last 4 years, IOM has been addressing the mobility implications of natural disasters with over 250 projects completed, 700 million USD invested and 23 million people assisted worldwide. Please provide information related to the technical, financial and institutional support mechanism IOM has two funding mechanisms which can be used for migration associated with climate change and disasters: - IOM Development Fund, created in 2011 to assist developing and transition countries in capacity- building. 6.4 million USD in 2013. - IOM Migration Emergency Funding Mechanism, created in 2011 for emergency humanitarian response. Planned balance up to 30 million USD, based on voluntary contributions from Member States and external donors. - Most IOM's funding is in the form of voluntary contributions to projects through external resource mobilization. The administrative budget is mainly funded from Member States contributions. Please provide information related to reporting, if any The Director General reports to the Council annually, at the end of each financial year, on the activities of IOM. 7

In terms of accounting, IOM adopts the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), which have been developed for not- for- profit public sector organizations, and which ensure high levels of accountability and transparency, harmonization and continuous improvement of resources management, improved internal control and efficiency, alignment with internationally recognized best accounting standards and recognition among donor and international community. IOM also conducts internal thematic evaluations of its programmes and projects, to assess their performance and success, and improve accountability by encouraging inclusion of evaluations in projects and improving relevant guidelines. The evaluation function is carried out by the Office of the Inspector General (OIG), which also covers Audit, Inspection and Monitoring of Monitoring. 7. Key activities / outputs to date The following IOM activities and outputs may provide some basis and examples for undertakings to enhance action on addressing loss and damage as expressed in COP Decision 3/CP.18. Of relevance to 3\CP.18 paragraphs (a), (b), (d), and (f): (risk management: assessing risk, designing and implementing risk management and reduction approaches, involving stakeholders) - Humanitarian response to natural disasters, including camp management and displacement tracking through the Displacement Tracking Matrix (for more information, please refer to Humanitarian Emergencies webpage); - Disaster preparedness activities; - Community- based activities on risk identification and hazard assessment; - Disaster risk reduction (hazard mitigation and reduction of exposure to risk); - Land and Property activities: compensation mechanisms for lost or damaged land and property (ownership/tenancy) and business of people affected by sudden or slow onset events induced by climate change; compensation and dispute resolution mechanisms for people or entities whose land, property and tenancy rights and business are affected by relocation of population affected by climate change; - Climate change adaptation activities; - Resilience building, community stabilization and development activities through income and opportunity diversification: circular migration schemes, support for return of migrations, diaspora investment into productive development, socio- economic stabilization and support efforts to reduce forced migration from environmentally affected areas; - Climate proofing of DRM and DRR programmes and projects, to prevent activities that increase vulnerability to the effects of climate change. For details of operational activities in this area, please refer to the dedicated page on IOM website and to the 2013 Compendium of IOM s Activities in Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience. Of relevance to 3\CP.18 paragraphs (d), (e) and (f): (institutional capacity- building: scaling up and replicating good practices, involving key stakeholders) - Asia- Pacific Training for Policymakers and Practitioners on Migration, Environment and Climate Change and Adaptation, Seoul, March 2013 (with ADB, Foresight and Geneva Centre for Security Policy); - Government capacity- building in Climate Change Adaptation through advocacy, trainings, counseling on 8

policy development, legal counseling; - Policy dialogue: International Dialogue on Migration and 2011 workshop on "Climate Change, Environmental Degradation and Migration"; - Guidance on policies and practices through regional and international conferences, as well as direct work with States on mainstreaming migration into development, climate change adaptation and DRR programmes, and integration of DRR into climate change adaptation frameworks. Of relevance to 3\CP.18 paragraphs (b), (c) and (g): (knowledge- building: identification of strategies and options, data collection, and enhancing access to data) Research - Policy briefs on Migration, Climate Change and Loss and Damage (see also article "Moving in the right direction? Assessing progress in Doha: Migration in climate change negotiations" in Migration Policy and Practice); - Country survey on migration, environment and climate change impacts; - International Migration Law: research on terminology, definitions and legal frameworks; - Research on links between migration, environment, climate change, and crosscutting issues: gender, age, health, ethnicity, human rights, human security in relation to migration induced by environmental disasters. Publication Highlights - Compendium of IOM s Activities in Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience (2013); - Atlas of Environmental Migration (forthcoming); - People on the Move in a Changing Climate: Comparing the Impact of Environmental Change on Migration in Different Regions of the World (Springer and IOM, forthcoming); - Environmental Degradation, Migration, Internal Displacement, and Rural Vulnerabilities in Tajikistan (2012); - Assessing the Evidence: Environment, Climate Change and Migration in Bangladesh, Dhaka (2010); - Assessing the Evidence: Environment, Climate Change and Migration in Bangladesh (2010). Research Network - Asia- Pacific Migration and Environment Network (APMEN): an online discussion and knowledge sharing platform and data base on migration and environment, a co- initiative of ADB and IOM For more details on research and publications on Migration, environment, climate change and development, see here. Of relevance to 3\CP.18 paragraph (e): (advocacy: encouraging investment and involvement) IOM is committed to close cooperation with governments, international and non- governmental organizations and other relevant stakeholders to develop more comprehensive strategies to better manage environmental migration and to address potential impacts of migration on the environment. Together with its partners, IOM works on promoting migration on international political agendas: - Participation in the UNFCCC negotiations as observer, including joint submissions on adaptation and loss and damage with UNHCR, UNU, NRC, IDMC and the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of IDPs, to 9

mainstream migration into the adaptation agenda; - Participation in the ECOSOC Humanitarian Trade Fair; - Participation in other international conferences, including UNCCCD and UN High Level Dialogue on Migration and Development. 8. Any additional information and contact details IOM Migration, Environment and Climate Change Focal Point: Dina Ionesco, Policy Officer, International Cooperation and Partnerships Department, IOM Geneva. Phone: +41227179481; Email: dionesco@iom.int Loss and Damage: Daria Mokhnacheva, Project Officer, International Cooperation and Partnerships Department. Email: dmokhnacheva@iom.int 10