FEDERAL SOLUTIONS TO EUROPEAN ISSUES

FEDERAL SOLUTIONS TO EUROPEAN ISSUES

EDITORIAL BOARD This book was edited by Bernard Burrows, Geoffrey Denton and Geoffrey Edwards, with the assistance of an Editorial Board consisting of Bernard Burrows, Geoffrey Denton, Frans:ois Duchene, Geoffrey Edwards, David Howell, MP, Richard Mayne, lohn Pinder, William Wallace and Ernest Wistrich.

FEDERAL SOLUTIONS TO EUROPEAN ISSUES Edited by BERNARD BURROWS, GEOFFREY DENTON and GEOFFREY EDWARDS Contributions by Bernard Burrows, Geoffrey Denton, Douglas Dosser, Geoffrey Edwards, Tom Ellis, MP, Michael Fogarty, Neville March Hunnings, Ghita Ionescu, Tim losling, Giovanni MagnificQ, Roderick MacFarquhar, MP, lohn Marsh, lohn Pinder, Michael Shanks, Helen Wallace, William Wallace and Ernest Wistrich für the Federal Trust

The Federal Trust for Education and Research Ltd 1977, 1978 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1978 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission First published 1978 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London and Basingstoke Associated companies indelhi Dublin Hong Kong Johannesburg Lagos Melbourne New York Singapore Tokyo ISBN 978-0-333-21948-5 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Federal solutions to European issues. 1. European federation I. Burrows, Sir Bernard 11. Denton, Geoffrey III. Edwards, Geoffrey IV. Federal Trust for Education and Research 321'.02'094 DI060 ISBN 978-1-349-15890-4 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-15890-4 The paperback edition of this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in wh ich it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser This book is sold subject to the standard conditions 0/ the Net Book Agreement

Contents Notes on the Contributors vii INTRODUCTION The New Federalism PART A POLITICAL NEEDS AND INSTITUTIONS 15 The Community, the Nation State and the Regions Roderick 17 MacFarquhar 2 Institutions in a Decentralised Community Helen Wal/ace 25 3 Why a Federal Britain? Tom Ellis 37 4 The Future of Community Law Neville March Hunnings 51 5 Promoting a European Identity Ernest Wistrich 62 6 The European Social Partners Ghi/a Ionescu 71 PART B ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL POLICIES 85 7 European Monetary Unifieation: Problems and Perspeetives 87 Giovanni Magnifico 8 A Federal Budget for the Community? Douglas Dosser 98 9 Industrial Poliey for a Federal Europe Geoffrey Denton \08 \0 The New European Enterprise Michael Fogarty 122 II Eur9pean Social Poliey: the Next Stage Michael Shanks 136 12 European Agricultural Poliey: A Federalist Solution lohn 147 Marsh PART C EUROPE IN THE WORLD 161 13 How Large a Community? Geoffrey Edwards 163 14 A Common European Foreign Poliey: Mirage or Reality? 174 William Wal/ace 15 European Defenee Bernard Burrows 187 16 Buying Europe's Raw Materials Tim losling 198 17 A Federal Community in an Ungoverned World Economy lohn 211 Pinder Postscript The Value of Federalism Geoffrey Denton 221

Notes on the Contributors SIR BERNARD BURROWS served in the British Diplomatie Service from 1934 to 1970 and was Ambassador to Turkey from 1958 to 1962. Between 1966 and 1970 he was Permanent Representative on the NATO Council. In 1973 he was appointed Director-General of the Federal Trust for Education and Research, and he held this post until1976 when he became Consultant. He is the co-author, with Christopher lrwin, of The Security 0/ Western Europe. GEOFFREY DENTON has been Director of the Federal Trust since 1976. He is Reader in Economics at the University of Reading and Specialist Adviser to the House of Lords European Communities Committee. His publications include Economic Planning and Policies in Britain, France and Germany (joint author), Economic Integration in Europe, Economic and Monetary Union in Europe, The Economics 0/ Renegotiation, and Beyond Bullock: Economic Implications 0/ Worker Participation in Control and Ownership o/industry. DOUGLAS DOSSER is Professor and Head of the Department of Economics at the University of York, and has held visiting professorships at Columbia and other US universities. A specialist on EEC taxation and budgetary quest ions, he is a member and rapporteur ofthe Commission's Study Group on Economic and Monetary Union. His publications include: Fiscal Harmonisation in Common Markets, British Taxation and the Common Market, and European Economic Integration and Monetary Unification. GEOFFREY EDWARDS has been Assistant Director ofthe Federal Trust since 1975. He is the co-author, with William Wallace, of A Wider European Community: Issues and Problems 0/ Further Enlargement, and, with Helen Wallace, of The Council 0/ Ministers 0/ the European Communities and the President in Office. He was joint rapporteur of the Helsinki Review Group, under the chairmanship of Lord Thomson of Monifieth, which published From Helsinki to Belgrade. TOM ELLIS was born in 1924 at Rhosllanerchrugog, North Wales. He was a coal miner in North Wales from 1947 to 1951, gained a degree in mining engineering in 1952, and was a colliery manager for the National Coa1 Board from 1958 until 1970, when he became Member of Parliament for Wrexham. Since July 1975 he has been a Member of the European Parliament. He is the author of Mines and Men. vii

MICHAEL FOGARTY is Senior Fellow and Deputy Director of the Centre for Studies in Social Policy. He was previously Director ofthe Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin, and Professor of Industrial Relations at University College, Cardiff. His publications include Company and Corporation-One Law? (on the history of German co-determination), and a number of other books and PEP broadsheets on industrial participation and company law reform. NEVILLE MARCH HUNNINGS is the Editor of Common Market Law Reports and European Law Digest, and Assistant Editor of the Index to Foreign Legal Periodieals. He is also a visiting lecturer in European Law at Queen Mary College, London, and a member of the Law and Technology Committee of the Union Internationale des A voeats. His publications inc1ude Film Censors and the Law and Legal Problems 0/ an Enlarged European Community (joint editor~. GHl'{A IONESCU is Professor of Government at the University of Manchester, and the Editor of Government and Opposition, a quarterly journal of comparative politics. He is the author of Comparative Communist Polities and the editor of The New PolWes 0/ European Integration. TIM losung is Professor of Agricultural Economics at the U niversity of Reading. He was previously Reader in Economics at the London School of Economics. He is an expert adviser to the Consumers' Consultative Committee of the European Commission in Brussels and adviser to the World Food Council (WFC) Secretariat and to the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). He is the author of many publications on the problems of European agriculture, of world trade in temperate zone commodities, and in the economics of commodity markets. RODERICK M AcF ARQUHAR has spent most of his professional life writing on the problems of China, Asia and the communist world, but he has been committed to and worked for the cause of European unity since his student days. He has been Member of Parliament for Belper since February 1974 and is Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Social Services. GIOVANNI MAGNIFICO is Chief Economic Adviser to the Banca d'italia. He has previously been Financial Adviser to the Italian Embassies in London and Bonn, Professor at the University of Rome and at lohns Hopkins University in Bologna, and a member of several working groups sponsored by European and international economic and financial organisations. His publications inc1ude European Monetary Unifieation and numerous artic1es on economic theory and policy. lohn MARSH is Professor of Agricultural Economics in the University of Aberdeen and Head of the Economics Division of the North of Scotland College of Agriculture. He was formerly Reader in Agricultural Economics in the University of Reading. His publications inc1ude Agrieultural Poliey in the Common Market, Farmers and Foreigners, European Agrieulture in an Uneertain World, and many articles in journals. VIII

JOHN PINDER is Director of PEP, a Trustee of the Federal Trust and Professor at the College of Europe in Bruges. He is Vice-Chairman of the European Movement and is active in a number of other European organisations. Publications on Europe include Britain and the Common Market, Europe after De Gaulle (with Roy Pryce), The European Community and Eastern Europe (with Pauline Pinder), and many articles and contributions to books. MICHAEL SHANKS was Director-General for Social Affairs in the European Commission from 1973 to 1976. He is currently a director of a number of multinational and UK-based companies, and a Visiting Professor at Brunel University. An economist, his previous career has included periods injournalism, business management, and as Chief Industrial Adviser to the UK Government. He is the author of a number of books, including The Stagnant Society, The Innovators, The Quest for Growth, Planning and Politics, Britain and the New Europe, and European Social Policy Today and Tomorrow. HELEN WALLACE is Lecturer in European Studies at the University of Manchester Institute of Seien ce and Technology, and Chairman of the University Association for Contemporary European Studies. Her publications include National Governments and the European Communities and Policy-Making in the European Communities (joint editor). WILLIAM WALLACE is Lecturer in Government at Manchester University and Research Fellow at Chatham House, studying the management of foreign policy in Britain, France and Germany. His publications include The Foreign Policy Process in Britain and Policy-Making in the European Communities (joint editor). ERNEST WISTRICH is Director of the European Movement in Britain, and was responsible for organising the Movement's campaign between 1970 and 1972 for British entry into the European Community, and its referendum campaign in 1975. He was an elected member of his local authority from 1969 to 1974, and a Parliamentary candidate in the 1964 and 1966 General Elections. He is the editor of a number of journals and the author of many articles on European issues. IX