Covering data collected by 4Mi in Mali and Niger between June and December 2017. Please visit our website or sign up to the mailing list here Overview Between June and December 2017, the Mixed Migration Monitoring Mechanism Initiative (4Mi) conducted 1,393 in-depth interviews with migrants and refugees in, including 521 people in Agadez and Niamey in Niger and 872 people in Mopti, Gao and Timbuktu in Mali. The data collected by 4Mi are not representative of mixed migration flows in. The 4Mi aims at providing information on profiles, journeys, protection incidents and needs of people on the move along the main migratory routes. Profiles 560 women and 833 men from 21 countries in Central and Western Africa were interviewed, with an average age of 27 years old. 1. Education in Country of origin 2. Employment in Country of origin 2 21% 30% 27% 8% 29% 31% 1 17% 8% University degree Secondary school Vocational Primary school Religious No education Unemployed Labourer Service Student Farmer/ industry farm worker Other Asylum 3. Intention to apply for asylum Of those interviewed, 52 respondents reported having applied for asylum or obtained refugee status in Niger (38 cases), Mali (8 cases), Burkina Faso (4 cases) and Nigeria (2 cases). of those interviewed intend to apply for asylum in their country of destination. Yes No 40% Don t know 32% Already applied for asylum or obtained refugee status RMMS 1
Departure 4. Encouragement to migrate Nobody Diaspora Friends Siblings Parents Spouse Other family members Smugglers 28% 8% 3 22% 2 8% 3 41% 18% 12% 5. Motivations for departure Economic reasons 71% 85% Personal or family reasons 27% 1 Lack of social services / poorly governed countries 19% Violence of general insecurity 1 8% Persecution, discrimation or lack of rights 11% Many departures around the person 5% 6. Motivations for departure if economic reasons Not earning enough 3 Sent by family to send money back home 5% Business not longer profitable No access to credit 7% Having studied, but no access to adequate jobs 12% No money to finance studies 1% Unemployed 27% 7. Motivations for departure if lack of social services or poorly governed country Poor infrastructure Lack of good health facilities Corruption in government, politics and police 19% Lack of good educational opportunities 19% Insufficient support for agriculture 15% Insufficient access to goods and services 17% 8. Motivations for departure if personal or family reasons Divorce 12% Joining family abroad Death of a family member 32% Domestic violence Fleeing forced or coerced marriage 12% Could not find a spouse 38 respondents, including 31 women and seven men indicated that they had left to flee forced or coerced marriage, in Guinea (13 cases), Burkina Faso (6 cases), Nigeria (5 cases), Cameroon (3 cases), Côte d Ivoire (3 cases), Gambia (2 cases), Senegal (2 cases), Niger (2 cases) and Ghana (2 cases). Easiest Price Recommanded by friends or family Smuggler's choice RMMS 2
Journey 9. Countries of intended destination Other regions Europe 37% North Africa 3 America 5% 1 Don t know 8% 10. Choice of the route 11. Use of smuggler Yes 78% Easiest Price Smuggler s choice Recommended by friends or family No 18% One smuggler 28% Several smugglers 50% Refused Migrants and refugees interviewed transiting through Mali and Niger reported having mainly used buses (1,217 respondents), pick ups (544 respondents) and trucks (182 respondents) as means of transport. In order to finance their journey, respondents indicated different financial ressources: 791 financed their journey trough their own savings, 297 received financial support from their community in their home country, 245 received financial support from their community abroad and 210 sold assets. 12. Mobile phone 13. Social media Yes 87% Facebook Yes initially but I lost it/it was stolen 5% 28% a smartphone 59% a non smartphone No 8% Email Snapchat Telegram Imo Twitter Youtube Viber Whatsapp RMMS 3
Protection 14. Assistance during the journey 15. Children on the move (Witnessed) No assistance 15% travelling alone Water Shelter Food Bathroom/washing facilities Psycho-social support Medical care Clothes/shoes Blankets or sleeping bags Cash assistance No 6 Yes 3 7% travelling in a group of children travelling in a group with both children and adults 70% 2 1 2% 1% 70% of migrants and refugees interviewed indicated that they did not receive assistance during their journey. Among those who indicated that they received assistance, the help was provided by smugglers (190 respondents), friends or family (94 respondents), local population (58 respondents), NGOs (38 respondents) and other migrants (20 respondents). 16. Protection Incidents Physical abuse Deaths (Witnessed) Detention by police, military, militia or immigration officials 9% 12% Sexual abuse (Witnessed or experienced) 2% 11% Kidnapping 5% Robberies 17. Perpetrators forces Group of thugs Single unknown individuals Immigration officials Smugglers Other migrants Physical abuse 45% 8% 7% 8% 7% Sexual abuse Robberies 17% 18% 17% 35% 2 0% 20% RMMS 4
Libya Algeria Sabha Western Sahara 18. Incidents map Tamanrasset Mauritania Seguedine Niger Mali Nouakchott 18 Timbuktu Gao Gossi 5 Senegal Dakar Gambia Banjul 6 Kayes Bissau Bamako 53 62Segou 23 9 34 Sikasso Agadez Tahoua 41 36 Kantchari 37 183 Abalak 11 Zinder Dosso 4 Chad 41 Gaya 5 N Djamena Benin Bobo Dioulasso 17 Conakry Niamey Ouagadougou 29 Guinea Bissau Guinea Bambara Maounde 6 Mopti/Sévaré Dori Koro 4 25 Abuja Free Town Sierra Leone Monrovia Liberia Abidjan Cote d Ivoire Accra Ghana Cotonou Lome Togo Central African Repblic Nigeria Cameroon Yaounde Bangui This map shows the protection incidents reported in Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso by 4Mi between June and December 2017, including cases of death, physical and sexual abuse, kidnappings, detentions and robberies. In total, 649 protection incidents were reported by migrants and refugees interviewed by 4MI, including 321 in Niger, 217 in Mali and 111 in Burkina Faso. The Mixed Migration Monitoring Mechanism Initiative (4Mi) is an innovative low-cost approach to collection and analyzing data along major mixed migration corridors, responding to the need for better data on protection issues with regards to asylum seekers, refugees and other people on the move. In Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso, 4Mi seeks to help fill the knowledge gaps regarding the nature of the mixed migratory movements and the protection risks for migrants and refugees on the move within and from. 4Mi data, graphics and analysis are based on the accumulated, ongoing data collection by 4Mi field monitors through direct interviews with migrants/refugees on the move. Sample sizes are clearly indicated and represent a limited section of those on the move. All findings derive from the surveyed sample of migrants/refugees and should not be used to make any inferences about the total population of any mixed migration flow. RMMS 5