Chapter 12 Jamar L. Alston, Ed.D
Journal #1 The result of the election of 1800 produced a tie within the Democratic-Republican ticket. Both Jefferson and Burr claimed the presidency. Jefferson ran for president and Burr was his vice president. However, when Jefferson had run for president, there wasn t a separate ballet for the two candidates. What do you think the nation should do if the presidential election results in a tie? Should we have a run off? Should Congress choose? Should the popular vote be used instead? Briefly write your response.
Students will: Chapter 12 Explain the importance of geography in shaping U.S. foreign policy. Take a well-reasoned stand on foreign policy dilemmas faced by Presidents Adams, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe. Define and explain the importance of isolaeonism, Washington s farewell address, and the Monroe Doctrine. Describe the causes, major events, and consequences of the War of 1812. Understand how foreign policy decisions from 1789 to 1823 set the tone for future U.S. foreign policy.
Essential Question To what extent should the United States have become involved in world affairs early in 1800s?
Lesson 1: Agenda and Objectives Agenda Journal #1 Review and create a list that spells out the differences among the democratic and republican party Homework: None Objectives Evaluate the presidential process and determine whether the electoral college is needed or out dated. Create a list between the Democratic and Republican parties
Political Parties Left Liberal Wants change Communism Socialism Progressive Democrats Donkey = Mascot Right Conservative No change or remain the same Tradition Fascism Authoritative Republican Grand Old Party Elephant = Mascot
Lesson 1: Closure and Pa standards Standards 8.5.6-8.A. B., and D. (Reading Informational Text) 5.1.8.C (Principals and Documents) 5.3.8.B (Government works) 5.3.8.J (System of Government) 8.2.8.C (Pennsylvania Continuity and Change History) 8.3.8.A (Contributions of Individuals and Groups U.S. History) 8.3.8B. (Historical Documents and Artifacts U.S. History Closure List two differences between conservatives and liberal groups.
Journal #2 Washington had a policy of being neutral and the U.S. geographic position made the country isolated from the rest world. Despite pleas from the French who helped us out during our independence and our historic and cultural ties to England, Washington remained and urged the U.S. not to get involved in other countries problems. In spite of Washington s suggestion, do you think being isolated, removed, and neutral was the best policy for our nation? Do you find this position to be reactive rather than proactive? Is this position a lack of leadership, empathy, selfishness or a position of self-preservation?
Lesson 2: Agenda and Objectives Agenda Journal #2 Complete Preview 12 on page 111 in the I.S.N. in groups of two. Notes on Washington Homework: None Objective Critique Washington s policy of neutrality. State whether you believe it was effective. List two suggestions to solve the U.S. foreign affair problem during the Washington administration
Washington Foreign Policy The U.S. was surrounded by threats France was at war with England (1793) and wanted our help, in which most Americans were willing to help. Neutrality Proclamation (1793) or the Washington Doctrine. Rather than choose a side, Washington declared neutrality; Impacted the next four presidents directly and dominated U.S. foreign policy till 1945.
Lesson 2: Closure and Pa standards Standards 8.5.6-8.A. B., and D. (Reading Informational Text) 5.1.8.C (Principals and Documents) 5.3.8.B (Government works) 5.3.8.J (System of Government) 8.2.8.C (Pennsylvania Continuity and Change History) 8.3.8.A (Contributions of Individuals and Groups U.S. History) 8.3.8B. (Historical Documents and Artifacts U.S. History Closure Evaluate the policy of neutrality, explain whether you believe it is an effective or ineffective approach to dealing with foreign affairs?
Citizens Genet was a representative to the U.S. during the Washington administration. Genet was sent to the U.S. to convince Washington to side with the French during their conflict with England. Despite his plea, Washington refuses to take a side. Genet then began to publically criticize Washington. What are your thoughts about guest or other countries representatives attacking our county leader? Do you think Genet was out of line or do you believe he should have given and protected by the freedom of speech? Journal #3
Lesson 3: Agenda and Objectives Agenda Journal #3 I.S.N. page 112 and page #164 to 165 in the textbook. Notes on XYZ affair. Homework: None Objectives Evaluate and determine whether it is appropriate for guest in our country to openly criticize the president of the United States Explain and describe the background to the XYZ affair and its out come.
XYZ Affair France seized U.S. cargo ships during the Adam s presidency. Adams sent three diplomats to France to negotiate a treaty with the French Foreign Minister Talleyrand Rather than meet with the minister, they were met by three secret agents who demanded $250,000.00 and $10 million dollar loan. Charles Pickney stated, No no no, not a six pence Adams refused to pay the loan and armed U.S. merchant ships. Treaty of Mortefontaine ended conflict John Adams was the father the U.S. Navy
Lesson 3: Closure and Pa standards Standards 8.5.6-8.A. B., and D. (Reading Informational Text) 5.1.8.C (Principals and Documents) 5.3.8.B (Government works) 5.3.8.J (System of Government) 8.2.8.C (Pennsylvania Continuity and Change History) 8.3.8.A (Contributions of Individuals and Groups U.S. History) 8.3.8B. (Historical Documents and Artifacts U.S. History Closure Who was Citizen s Genet? What was his issue with Washington?
Journal #4 The XYZ affair, as you know was based on Adams plea for neutrality despite the French demanding a bribe. Imagine if you were Adams, what would have done if the French had threatened and bribed you? Would you have gone to war? Would you have continued to pursue peace? Or none of the above and chosen a different option?
Lesson 4: Agenda and Objectives Agenda Journal #4 Vocabulary Review Read pages 166 to 167 in the textbook. Complete pages 112 to 113 in the I.S.N. Homework: Vocabulary Quiz (11/30) Early American (11/30) Current Events (11/29) Objective Describe and then evaluate [three] aspects of the XYZ affair that pertain to Adams s leadership and the French response. Define Chapter 12 vocabulary words. Explain Jefferson policy towards the Barbary pirates and then provide [two] alternative approaches to that policy.
Lesson 4: Closure and Pa standards Standards 8.5.6-8.A. B., and D. (Reading Informational Text) 5.1.8.C (Principals and Documents) 5.3.8.B (Government works) 5.3.8.J (System of Government) 8.2.8.C (Pennsylvania Continuity and Change History) 8.3.8.A (Contributions of Individuals and Groups U.S. History) 8.3.8B. (Historical Documents and Artifacts U.S. History Closure Explain the Barbary conflict in brief detail and provide one alternative approach to how Jefferson handled the conflict.
Journal #5 President Jefferson, similar to Washington and Adams paid annual tribute to the Barbary pirates. The tribute was used to provide safe passage through the Mediterranean sea. However, Jefferson felt that the pirate were bullies and refused to pay the tribute thus causing sailors to be captured and put the U.S. in its first mini war. Do you agree with Jefferson? Do you think paying them encourages the bullying behavior or do you stand up and risk American lives on the high seas?
Lesson 5: Agenda and Objectives Agenda Journal #5 Complete pages 113 to 114 in the I.S.N. Short Video on President Jefferson. Notes on Jefferson. Homework: Vocabulary Quiz (11/30) Early American (11/30) Current Events (11/29) Objective Describe background information on Jefferson and his approach to foreign policy Explain [two] reasons for why Jefferson signed the Embargo and Non-Intercourse Acts and then list [two] results of the policies.
Jefferson Foreign Policy Barbary Pirates Pirates from Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli had demanded bribes to sail in the Mediterranean Sea. Washington and Adams annually paid the tribute to the pirates. The U.S. had paid nearly 2 million and the ruler of Tripoli wanted more and declared war. Jefferson sent a small fleet and in 1804, on the ships, the Philadelphia was captured and the men held for ransom. Stephan Decatur led a small group of men and blew the Philadelphia up. A year later, a treaty was signed and U.S. paid 60,000 for the men. In 1815, the pirates were eventually destroyed. England/France Followed the Washington policy of neutrality. Great Britain impressed American sailors. Great Britain opened fired killed/wounded 21 sailors on the Chesapeake. To address the issues with both countries, he signed the Embargo Act of 1807, which stop trading with all nations. Hurt sailors and caused many of them to be out of work, but will later help the economy during James Monroe s presidency He passed the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809, which allowed trading with all nations except England and France.
Lesson 5: Closure and Pa standards Standards 8.5.6-8.A. B., and D. (Reading Informational Text) 5.1.8.C (Principals and Documents) 5.3.8.B (Government works) 5.3.8.J (System of Government) 8.2.8.C (Pennsylvania Continuity and Change History) 8.3.8.A (Contributions of Individuals and Groups U.S. History) 8.3.8B. (Historical Documents and Artifacts U.S. History Closure Provide two reasons for Jefferson signed the Embargo and Nonintercourse Acts and explain the positive and negative consequences acts had on American people during and after Jefferson terms in office.
Journal #6 As you have learned, two former presidents hated the office because of events beyond their control. After three attempts at being neutral and isolated, Great Britain and France continued to seizing our ships and impressing our sailors. If you were president, would you break precedent and declare war? Which side would you take? Did presidents Washington, Adams, and Jefferson exhaust all options or do you believe there could be a better approach?
Lesson 6: Agenda and Objectives Agenda Journal #6 Read pages 168 to 170 in the textbook Complete pages 115 to 116 in the I.S.N. Homework: Vocabulary Quiz (11/30) Early American (11/30) Current Events (11/29) Objective Describe background information on James Madison and his approach to foreign policy Explain [three] reasons for why Madison declared war on England
Lesson 6: Closure and Pa standards Standards 8.5.6-8.A. B., and D. (Reading Informational Text) 5.1.8.C (Principals and Documents) 5.3.8.B (Government works) 5.3.8.J (System of Government) 8.2.8.C (Pennsylvania Continuity and Change History) 8.3.8.A (Contributions of Individuals and Groups U.S. History) 8.3.8B. (Historical Documents and Artifacts U.S. History Closure List two reasons why James Madison declared war on Great Britain?
Journal #7 The War of 1812 or nicked named, the Second American Revolution was fought to maintain our sovereignty over Great Britain. Although we were heavily out matched (16 to 1000), the Americans fought bravely won some key battles. Based on these odds, do you think it was a foolish decision to go to war? As president, would ask men to go to war based on principles knowing there is a high probability they will die? Should president consider the outcome before launching an attack?
Lesson 7: Agenda and Objectives Agenda Journal #7 Complete pages 115 to 116 in the I.S.N. Video on James Madison Notes on James Madison Homework: Vocabulary Quiz (11/30) Early American (11/30) Current Events (11/29) Objective Describe background information on James Madison and his approach to foreign policy Explain [three] reasons for why Madison declared war on England. List three outcomes from the War of 1812
James Madison Was the shortest president and always wore black. Was Jefferson s best friend and strikingly the opposite of him. From Virginia and was secretary of state Was well prepared Dolly Madison, his first lady was very effective at her role of being the hostess of the President s Mansion She was able to formulate alliances, in which he was unable to do because of politics
War of 1812 Madison sided with France and declare war on June 17 th 1812 New Englanders were against the war, but southerners and westerners were in favor. Reason for going to war: Impressment Sold weapons to Native Americans (Tecumseh and Prophet) who attacked the U.S. The U.S. wanted Canada Great Britain blockade port cities. Canada The U.S. were driven back in 1812, 1813, and 1814. Oliver Hazard Perry seized a fleet of six British ships William Henry Harrison marched into Canada fought at Tippecanoe and Battle of Thames in which Tecumseh had died.
War of 1812 (2) In 1814, the British invaded Washington D.C. and burned it to the ground. The bombing of Fort McHenry was the inspiration for writing the Star Spangled Banner. Great Britain surrendered a fleet at Lack Champlain. Battle of New Orleans Took place after Treaty of Ghent. Andrew Jackson killed over 2,000 British soldiers while losing 16 men. Treaty of Ghent Both sides declared victory National unity Federalist Party died Native Americans unity lost Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison become presidents.
Lesson 7: Closure and Pa standards Standards 8.5.6-8.A. B., and D. (Reading Informational Text) 5.1.8.C (Principals and Documents) 5.3.8.B (Government works) 5.3.8.J (System of Government) 8.2.8.C (Pennsylvania Continuity and Change History) 8.3.8.A (Contributions of Individuals and Groups U.S. History) 8.3.8B. (Historical Documents and Artifacts U.S. History Closure Explain who were the winners and losers of the war of 1812
Journal #8 Almost 30 years after the United States declared their independence, other colonies in the Americas also declared independence from the European colonizers. As these colonies declared independence, the Europeans were reluctant, defiant, and aggressive in their approach to keep them under their control. If you were president, would you provide assistance or aid to these new countries? What type of aid would you give? What advise would you give them?
Lesson 8: Agenda and Objectives Agenda Journal #8 Vocabulary Quiz Read pages 171 to 172 in the textbook Complete pages 117 to 118 in the I.S.N. Homework: None Objective Evaluate whether they would help colonies become countries if they were president Define chapter 12 vocabulary words List three of the Latin American countries who declared independence
Lesson 8: Closure and Pa standards Standards 8.5.6-8.A. B., and D. (Reading Informational Text) 5.1.8.C (Principals and Documents) 5.3.8.B (Government works) 5.3.8.J (System of Government) 8.2.8.C (Pennsylvania Continuity and Change History) 8.3.8.A (Contributions of Individuals and Groups U.S. History) 8.3.8B. (Historical Documents and Artifacts U.S. History Closure Who was Miguel Hidalgo and how did he inspire Mexico to declare their independence from Spain?
Journal #9 Presidents often reach out to former presidents for advice. James Monroe reached out to former presidents Adams and Jefferson regarding the conflicts in Latin America. They advised Monroe that siding with the British was good strategy to help some of Latin American countries to gain their independence. If you were president, would you have reached out to former presidents? Would you have aligned with Great Britain? Would have risked going to war with the rest of the world for the newly formed countries?
Lesson 9: Agenda and Objectives Agenda Journal #9 Video on James Monroe Notes on James Monroe Finish I.S.N. pages 117 to 118 Review directions for take home essay Homework: Take home test (Essay on Chapter 12) Objective Explain background information on James Monroe Analyze the Monroe Doctrine and its impact on US foreign affairs. Understand directions for writing essay on Chapter 12
James Monroe Was James Madison s Sectary of State The last of the Revolutionary War presidents Won every electoral vote, except one in 1820 Well like and was president during the Era of Good Feeling Well like and was president during the Era of Good Feeling Was a Democratic- Republican Last president to wear knee breeches Only president to have a foreign capital names after him, Monrovia
Monroe Doctrine Written by his Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams Monroe stated that, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European Power. This policy along with the Washington Doctrine was U.S. policy until 1945.
Lesson 8: Closure and Pa standards Standards 8.5.6-8.A. B., and D. (Reading Informational Text) 5.1.8.C (Principals and Documents) 5.3.8.B (Government works) 5.3.8.J (System of Government) 8.2.8.C (Pennsylvania Continuity and Change History) 8.3.8.A (Contributions of Individuals and Groups U.S. History) 8.3.8B. (Historical Documents and Artifacts U.S. History Closure In your own words, interpret the Monroe Doctrine and what it meant for U.S. policy up and till 1945.