POLITICS AND SECURITY IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF THE ATLANTIC ALLIANCE

POLITICS AND SECURITY IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF THE ATLANTIC ALLIANCE

Also by Douglas T. Stuart CHINA, THE SOVIET UNION, AND THE WEST (editor with William T. Tow) THE LIMITS OF ALLIANCE (with William T. Tow) SECURITY IN THE PACIFIC RIM (editor)

Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance Edited by Douglas T. Stuart Associate Professor of Political Science, and Director, International Studies Program, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania M MACMILLAN PRESS

Douglas T. Stuart 1988 Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1988 978-0-333-40706-6 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1956 (as amended), or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 7 Ridgmount Street, London WClE 7AE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1988 Published by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Politics and security in the southern region of the Atlantic Alliance. 1. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 2. Security, International 3. Europe, Southern-Strategic aspects I. Stuart, Douglas T. 335' 031'091821 UA646.3 ISBN 978-1-349-08495-1 ISBN 978-1-349-08493-7 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-08493-7

Contents Notes on the Contributors vn Acknowledgements IX Introduction 1 Douglas T. Stuart 1 The Management of Discord in Alliance Relations 7 Simon Serfaty 2 Burden Sharing and the Southern Region of the Alliance 27 Rainer W. Rupp 3 France 46 Douglas T. Stuart 4 Italy 68 Luigi Caligaris 5 On Spain, NATO and Democracy 96 Antonio Sanchez-Gijon 6 Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security 117 Alvaro Vasconcelos 7 Greece 137 Thanos Veremis 8 Turkey's Security Policy: Continuity and Change Ali L. Karaosmanoglu Conclusion Douglas T. Stuart Some Additional Bibliographic Sources Index v 157 181 187 201

Notes on the Contributors Luigi Caligaris is an Italian journalist specializing in foreign and security affairs. He was formerly Director of Office of Politico Military Affairs at the Italian Ministry of Defence. He is the co-author of I nuovi militari and Obbietivo Difesa (forthcoming) and author of Italian Defense Policy: Problems and Prospects. Ali L. Karaosmanoglu is a researcher at the Foreign Policy Institute, Ankara. He is the author of 'Turkey's Security and the Middle East', which appeared in Foreign Affairs. Rainer W. Rupp is a member of the Economic Directorate, NATO, Brussels. He is the author of several articles dealing with economic aspects of the NATO alliance. Antonio Sanchez-Gijon is the Secretary General of the Instituto de Cuestiones Internacionales, Madrid. He is the author of several works in Spanish security, including La Opcion AtUmtia. Simon Serfaty is Adjunct Professor of International Relations at the Johns Hopkins University, Washington DC, and Associate Director of the Johns Hopkins Foreign Policy Institute. He is the author of Fading Partnership: America and Europe after 30 Years. Douglas T. Stuart is Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the International Studies Program at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Prior to joining the Dickinson faculty he was Associate Professor of International Relations and Director of the Research Institute at the Johns Hopkins University, Bologna Center. He is the author of several articles on European and Asian security issues, which have appeared in such journals as Atlantic Quarterly, International Affairs, China Quarterly, Orbis and World Today. He is editor of Security in the Pacific Rim and (with William T. Tow) China, the Soviet Union and the West, and author (also with William T. Tow) of The Limits of Alliance. VII

VIII Notes on the Contributors Alvaro Vasconcelos is Executive Director at the Instituto de Estudos, Estrategicos e lnternacionais, Lisbon. Thanos Veremis is Associate Professor of History at the Panteios School of Political Science, Athens, Greece. He is the author of Greek Security: Issues and Politics.

Acknowledgements Several of the papers included in this volume were first presented, as preliminary drafts, in April 1984 to a conference entitled 'The Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance'. The conference was jointly sponsored by the NATO Information Directorate, the Circolo Bolognese del Club Atlantica dell'emilia-romagna, the Club Atlantica dell'emilia-romagna, the Club Atlantica Pugliese, the Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung, and the German Marshall Fund of the United States. I would like to express my sincere thanks to all of these organisations for the financial or logistical support they provided. I am also most grateful to Mr Art Hoffman and Dr Giuseppe Stano of the NATO Information Directorate; to Professor Giuseppe De Vergottini, Dr Angelo Scavone, and Dr Maria Letizia Tinarelli, of the Bologna and Emilia-Romagna chapters of the Club Atlantica, Professor Giovanni de Bonfils of the Club Atlantica Pugliese and in particular, Dr Roberto Toniatti of the University of Bologna. Each of these individuals contributed personally to the quality of the conference proceedings by their advice and assistance. The greatest benefit of teaching for Johns Hopkins was the quality of the students. During and after the conference I was particularly fortunate to have the collaboration of five young people whose efforts deserve recognition: Roberto Domeison, Philip Frayne, Chikako Kuno, Angela Kurtz and Agnieszka Junosza-Jankowski. Joy Carper, the faculty secretary, was also instrumental during the preparation of the manuscript. Finally, Professor Robert G. Gard of Johns Hopkins, and Professor Anton Giulio de Robertis of the University of Bari have been indispensible colleagues throughout the last two years. Without their personal support, the conference, and this volume, would have been impossible. DouGLAS T. STUART IX