New American Diplomacy Chapter 5 Section 3 US History (EOC) Roxanna Ford 2014
What s the Main Idea? The Russo-Japanese War, the Panama Canal, and the Mexican Revolution added to America s military and economic power.
Essential Question: Which individuals and events moved the United States into the role of a world power?
Lesson Objectives: Students will be able to: Explain how Theodore Roosevelt s foreign policy promoted American power around the world. Describe how Woodrow Wilson s missionary diplomacy ensured U.S. dominance in Latin America.
Teddy Roosevelt and the World
Roosevelt the Peacemaker What event brought Roosevelt to the presidency? The Assassination of William McKinley As a world leader, Roosevelt did not want Europeans to control the world economy and world policy. How does the Russo-Japanese War help America? 1904: Japan and Russia began arguing over Korea. Each nation wanted to control this resource-rich land. Japan attacked the Russian navy (twice) and WON! Japan quickly requested a peace treaty with Russia. Who would negotiate this treaty? Teddy Roosevelt won the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize
Panama Canal A canal through Central America was a trader s dream! Why a canal? Remove the hazards of sailing around South America Who started the process? France, 1879 A French company gained permission to build a canal in PANAMA! Problem Panama is part of COLUMBIA! Mismanagement and yellow fever caused the project to fail. Enter America The U.S. was to purchase the rights to the canal for $40 million in 1902! Columbia s agreement was $10 million & $250,000 per year
Was there a glitch? YES! Columbia s senate rejected the offer. Enter Teddy Roosevelt Roosevelt was determined to HAVE his canal. With the help of Philippe Bunau-Varilla, a revolution was organized for Panama From NEW YORK! What other revolution was organized from New York? 1903, Bunau-Varilla declared Panama independent Bunau-Varilla granted America the land (in perpetuity) accepting the offer Columbia rejected. By 1914: America has a canal!
The Roosevelt Corollary How does America become further involved in Latin America? ECONOMICS! Roosevelt feared European intervention in Latin America if there was a default on loan payments. How does Roosevelt respond? Roosevelt reminds European leaders of the Monroe Doctrine And adds the Roosevelt Corollary America will use force to protect economic interests in Latin America.
Dollar Diplomacy Does America HAVE to exercise its police power? YES! Several times! Is there an example of this use of power? YES! 1911: Taft arranged loans to Nicaragua to pay debts The US was allowed to regain monies through customs duties and railroads. The people of Nicaragua revolted when they discovered this connection. America had to stop the revolt Marines would remain in Nicaragua until 1933 Dollar Diplomacy: using the nation s economic power to exert influence over other countries.
Woodrow Wilson s Missionary Diplomacy
Missionary Diplomacy and The Mexican Revolution What is Missionary Diplomacy? The argument that the US has a MORAL responsibility to the world. Basically, America will not recognize regimes that are oppressive or undemocratic. How does Mexico s government change? A dictator came to power: Porfirio Diaz In 1911, peasant workers overthrew Diaz (new leader Francisco Madero) By 1913, Victoriano Huerta took over and Madero was murdered (days later) Why did America worry about this change? America will NOT support oppressive governments. America had MANY investments here! Both Missionary Diplomacy and Dollar Diplomacy at work!
Intervention in Mexico How did Wilson plan to handle the situation in Mexico? Watchful waiting: looking for the opportunity to act against Huerta. What causes America to act? April 1914: Huerta s officers arrest U.S. sailors but quickly release them. Huerta apologizes Wilson ordered US Marines to occupy Veracruz. 18 Americans and 200 Mexicans died in the invasion. Argentina, Brazil, Chile entered to mediate and avoid war. What solution was proposed? Huerta would step down US troops would withdraw No damages would be paid Mexico rejected the plan! Wilson refused to recognize the Huerta regime. The Huerta government soon collapsed and was replaced by nationalist Carranza.
Rebellion in Mexico Did everyone in Mexico like Carranza? NO! Who opposed this leader? Francisco Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata. What do these leaders desire? Zapata wants land reform Villa wanted the support of the American government. Who did Wilson recognize? Carranza s government Villa threatens reprisals because of this move. How did Villa cause problems for America? Villa s men raided American towns and killed Americans
Chasing Villa How did America respond to the Villa raids? Americans demanded revenge! What does Wilson do? Wilson orders Brig. Gen. John J. Pershing to lead forces in an effort to capture Villa. For almost 1 year, American forces fought with Villa and his forces. How did Mexico respond to these efforts? The Mexican people were angered over the US invasion. Carranza demands withdrawal of U.S. troops What events encourage Wilson to seek peace on the southern border? World War I was creeping into American territory and politics. Wilson orders Pershing home in 1917.