TABLE OF CONTENTS I III A WORD OF WELCOME by H. E. Lennart Meri, President of the Republic of Estonia, to the International Commission Investigating Crimes against Humanity in Estonia. In Kadriorg, on 26 January 1999 STATEMENT by the International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity. 27 January 1999, Tallinn REPORTS Reports of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity VII PHASE I : THE SOVIET OCCUPATION OF ESTONIA IN 1940 1941 XVII PHASE II : THE GERMAN OCCUPATION OF ESTONIA IN 1941 1944 XXV APPENDIX. Rome Statue of the International Criminal Court PART I Soviet occupation 1940 1941 1 THE OCCUPATION OF ESTONIA BY THE SOVIET UNION IN 1940,,, Aivar Niglas 7 SOVIET MILITARY BASES IN ESTONIAN TERRITORY IN 1939 1940 Magnus Ilmjärv 33 RESETTLEMENT OF THE GERMAN MINORITY FROM ESTONIA IN 1939 1941 Luule Rand 45 HEAD OF STATE, THE GOVERNMENT AND THE PARLIAMENT OF ESTONIA IN 1934 1940. AN OVERVIEW, 49 21 JUNE 1940 IN TALLINN AND ELSEWHERE IN ESTONIA,, 57 MEMBERS OF THE PUPPET GOVERNMENT OF JOHANNES VARES, 65 ROLE OF THE ESTONIAN COMMUNIST PARTY IN SUMMER 1940,,, Aivar Niglas 79 ELECTION OF THE RIIGIVOLIKOGU OF THE ESSR ON 14 15 JULY 1940 91 APPENDIX 1. Members of the districts committees for the ESSR Riigivolikogu election by profession 91 APPENDIX 2. Candidates opposing the ETRL who participated in the ESSR Riigivolikogu election 98 APPENDIX 3. Summarised data concerning the ESSR Riigivolikogu election 99 THE ESSR RIIGIVOLIKOGU,
105 DISSOLUTION OF STATE INSTITUTIONS AND REPLACEMENT OF HIGHER STATE OFFICIALS 110 APPENDIX. Dismissal of the higher officials of the Republic of Estonia by the puppet government of Johannes Vares from 21 June to 25 August 1940 119 REORGANISATION OF THE POLICE FORCE AND THE COURT SYSTEM. PEOPLE S HOME GUARD, 124 APPENDIX 1. Dismissal of the Estonian Political Police personnel by the Government of Johannes Vares 131 LIQUIDATION OF THE ESTONIAN DEFENCE LEAGUE IN 1940 140 APPENDIX 1. Enactment for disbanding the Defence League 141 APPENDIX 2. Territorial structure of the Defence League in 1940 143 DISBANDING OF THE ESTONIAN ARMY AND MILITARY ESTABLISHMENTS 163 BEGINNING OF SOVIETISATION OF THE ECONOMY, AGRICULTURE AND SOCIAL POLICY 175 DISSOLUTION OF PROFESSIONAL CHAMBERS, REORGANISATION OF WORKERS ASSOCIATIONS AND OTHER ORGANISATIONS 179 APPENDIX. Dissolution of the professional chambers 181 EDUCATION, UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCH. THE BEGINNING OF SOVIETISATION, 189 SOVIETISATION OF THE PRESS 193 RESISTANCE MOVEMENT 195 LEGAL CONTINUATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA AND THE POLICIES OF NON-RECOGNITION 199 REPRESENTATIVES OF THE SOVIET UNION IN ESTONIA IN THE SUMMER OF 1940. DECISIONS OF THE POLITBURO CONCERNING ESTONIA IN 1940 1941 207 THE ESSR SUPREME SOVIET AND ITS PRESIDIUM IN 1940 1941 217 THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE S COMMISSARS OF THE ESTONIAN SSR IN 1940 1941 241 SOVIETISATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN 1940 1941 257 FATE OF THE ESTONIAN BORDER GUARDIN 1940 1941 Tiit Noormets
271 SOVIETISATION OF THE ESTONIAN COURT SYSTEM IN 1940 1941, 286 APPENDIX 1. Replacement of judges 291 APPENDIX 2. Supreme Court of the ESSR 293 APPENDIX 3. Staff of the Prosecutor s Office of the ESSR on 7 April 1941 297 INTERNAL AFFAIRS AND STATE SECURITY INSTITUTIONS OF THE ESSR IN 1940 1941 Valdur Ohmann 303 APPENDIX 1. ESSR People s Commissariat for Internal Affairs in 1940 1941 306 APPENDIX 2. ESSR People s Commissariat for State Security. Structure on 1 April 1941 309 POLITICAL REPRESSION FROM JUNE TO AUGUST 1940 312 APPENDIX. Fate of 14 individuals arrested in Estonia in June and July 1940 319 POLITICAL ARRESTS AND COURT CASES FROM AUGUST 1940 TO SEPTEMBER 1941, 329 APPENDIX 1. Article 58 of the Penal Code of the RSFSR 332 APPENDIX 2. Individuals sentenced to death and executed in Estonia in 1940 1941 by different war tribunals. Executions without any judicial procedure 363 THE DEPORTATIONS OF 14 JUNE 1941, 380 APPENDIX 1. Operational instructions for the deportation of the anti-soviet element from Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia 384 APPENDIX 2. USSR NKGB and NKVD joint directive No. 0053/0051. 4 June 19418 388 APPENDIX 3. Order for the deportation of the family of Jüri Uluots 389 APPENDIX 4. Instructions to the heads of the echelons for sending detainees out from the Baltic States 391 FATE OF THE ESTONIAN ELITE IN 1940 1941 400 APPENDIX 1. Fate of the members of the Estonian governments in 1918 1940
413 COMBAT IN ESTONIA IN 1941 PART II Combat in Estonia in 1941 431 MOBILISATION INTO THE RED ARMY IN ESTONIA IN 1941 Tiit Noormets 445 EVACUATION IN 1941 TO THE REAR AREA IN THE SOVIET UNION, TŒnis Möldre 469 DESTRUCTION BATTALIONS IN ESTONIA IN 1941 488 APPENDIX 1. Data concerning the leadership of destruction battalions and workers regiments formed in Estonia in 1941 490 APPENDIX 2. Concerning the organisation of defence of the rear area of the 8th Army. The order of Deputy Commander of rear area defence of the 8th Army in the sphere Lieutenant Colonel L. Golovkin dated 15 July 1941 491 APPENDIX 3. Decoration of combatants, commanders and political workers of the destruction battalions of the People s Commissariat for Internal Affairs of the Estonian SSR. Act of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR dated 16 August 1941 495 ESTONIA FROM JUNE TO OCTOBER, 1941: FOREST BROTHERS AND SUMMER WAR, Mika Raudvassar PART III German occupation 1941 1944 521 GERMAN CIVILIAN ADMINISTRATION IN ESTONIA IN 1941 1944 539 ESTONIAN SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN 1941 1944 569 COURT SYSTEM IN ESTONIA IN 1941 1944 573 GERMAN POLICE INSTITUTIONS IN ESTONIA IN 1941 1944 577 SECURITY POLICE AND SD IN ESTONIA IN 1941 1944 596 APPENDIX 1. Task division plan of the Security Police and SD in Estonia. Effective from 18 March 1944 603 GERMAN ORDER POLICE IN ESTONIA IN 1941 1944 607 ESTONIAN CONSTABULARY IN 1941 1944 610 APPENDIX 1. Comparative table of Estonian and German police officers positions and ranks of the SS 611 SECRET FIELD POLICE OF THE WEHRMACHT IN ESTONIA IN 1941 1944
613 PUBLIC SENTIMENTS DURING THE PERIOD OF GERMAN OCCUPATION 639 ESTONIAN CITIZENS AND RESIDENTS EXECUTED OR DECEASED IN IMPRISONMENT IN 1941 1944. AN OVERVIEW 648 APPENDIX 1. Executions procedure 649 APPENDIX 2. Statistics of the death sentences pronounced in 1941 1942 651 EXECUTION OF ESTONIAN JEWS IN LOCAL DETENTION INSTITUTIONS IN 1941 1942 663 SOVIET INVESTIGATIONS, CONCERNING THE EXECUTIONS IN ESTONIA DURING THE GERMAN OCCUPATION IN 1941 1944 679 PRISON CAMPS IN ESTONIA IN 1941 1944, Riho Västrik 681 PLACES OF IMPRISONMENT SUBORDINATE TO THE CHIEF OF THE SECURITY POLICE AND SD IN 1941 1944 ESTONIA 689 TARTU CONCENTRATION CAMP IN 1941 1944 Riho Västrik 705 ANNIHILATION OF CZECH AND GERMAN JEWS IN ESTONIA IN 1942 1943 715 APPENDIX. The personnel of Jägala concentration camp 717 FRENCH JEWS AT THE TALLINN CENTRAL PRISON IN 1944 719 VAIVARA CONCENTRATION CAMP IN 1943 1944 Riho Västrik, 739 SOVIET PRISONERS OF WAR IN ESTONIA IN 1941 1944 PART IV Estonian military units in the Soviet and German armed forces 769 FORMATION OF THE ESTONIAN ARMY INTO THE RED ARMY RIFLE CORPS 791 APPENDIX 1. The fate of the Estonian generals (in active service in 1940) 792 APPENDIX 2. The structure and location of units of the 22nd (Estonian) Territorial Rifle Corps of the Red Army in 1940 1941 797 ESTONIAN OMAKAITSE IN 1941 1944 804 APPENDIX 1. Omakaitse territorial regiments (Malev) and commanders on 1 February 1943
807 ESTONIAN SECURITY GROUPS AND EASTERN BATTALIONS IN GERMAN ARMY IN 1941 1944 825 ESTONIAN DEFENCE BATTALIONS / POLICE BATTALIONS IN THE GERMAN ARMED FORCES Aivar Niglas, 877 SOVIET INVESTIGATIONS CONCERNING THE ACTIVITIES OF ESTONIAN DEFENCE BATTALIONS AND POLICE BATTALIONS OF THE GERMAN ARMED FORCES IN 1941 1944 885 FORMATION OF THE ESTONIAN RIFLE CORPSIN 1941 1942 903 APPENDIX 1. Structure of 7th and 249th Estonian Rifle Divisions and 8th Estonian Rifle Corps and commanders of units in 1942 909 THE 8TH ESTONIAN RIFLE CORPS IN NORTHWESTERN RUSSIA IN 1942 1944 927 ESTONIAN UNITS IN THE WAFFEN-SS, 969 ESTONIAN BORDER DEFENCE REGIMENTS IN 1944 Aivar Niglas, 999 APPENDIX 1. Commanders and battalion commanders of the border defence regiments 1001 THE 8TH ESTONIAN RIFLE CORPS IN THE CONQUEST OF ESTONIA IN 1944, IN COURLAND AND FROM SUMMER 1945 IN ESTONIA 1019 ESTONIAN PRISONERS OF WAR IN GERMANY AFTER WORLD WAR II Kaarel Piirimäe 1035 COMBAT IN ESTONIA IN 1944 PART V Combat in Estonia in 1944. Attempt to restore the independence of Estonia in 1944 1095 THE GOVERNMENT OF OTTO TIEF AND THE ATTEMPT TO RESTORE THE INDEPENDENCE OF ESTONIA IN 1944: A LEGAL APPRAISAL Lauri Mälksoo 1107 INTERNATIONAL STATUS OF ESTONIA IN 1941 1944: A LEGAL APPRAISAL Lauri Mälksoo 1113 REPATRIATIONS TO ESTONIA AND REPATRIATION POLICY IN ESSR 1944 1955 Ranno Roosi
PART VI 1129 BIOGRAPHIES 1191 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS IN 1939 1945 1237 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1289 COMPARATIVE TABLE OF ESTONIAN, GERMAN AND SOVIET RANKS 1293 TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 1305 INDEX 1305 PERSONAL NAME INDEX 1325 GEOGRAPHICAL NAME INDEX 1339 MAPS 1339 MAP 1. Estonia 1939: counties and rural municipalities 1341 MAP 2. The organisation of the NKVD and NKGB in Estonia 1940 1941 1343 MAP 3. Combat in Estonia 1941. The front on 21 July 1345 MAP 4. Combat in Estonia 1941. The front on 11 August 1347 MAP 5. Combat in Estonia 1941. The front on 24 August 1349 MAP 6. Northern part of the Occupied Eastern Territories 1351 MAP 7. The organisation of the Security Police and SD in Estonia 1941 1944 1353 MAP 8. Vaivara Concentration Camp and Soviet POW camps in Estonia 1941 1944 1355 MAP 9. Estonian Military units of the German Army in the rear area of Army Group Nord 1942 1943 1357 MAP 10. Combat in Estonia 1944