APEH D-Day Review Points Possible: 300 pts per section 1-3 Name: APEH Comprehensive Review Study Guide Part 2 Part 2 (French Revolution World War I, pp. 51-99) The Age of Montesquieu ( ) The Age of Rousseau ( ) The Age of Voltaire ( ) Long term causes Short term causes
National Assembly ( ) Age of Montesquieu Legislative Assembly ( ) National Convention ( ) Age of Rousseau Thermidorian Reaction ( ) The Directory ( )
French Social Classes in the Revolution & Empire: 1799-1815 (study these) Napoleonic Era ( ) Age of Voltaire Empire Period ( ) Congress of Vienna ( ) Balance of Power: 1689-1815 (2 nd Hundred Years War)
Industrial Revolution o Roots of the Industrial Revolution o Proto-industrialization (cottage industry) o Reasons favorable to England o Transportation Revolution o Continental Europe Industrializes after 1815 o Social Implications from Industrial Revolution
o Working class injustices, gender exploitation, standard of living issues 19 th Century Politics: 1815-1848 The Age of Metternich (1815-1848) The Age of Realpolitik (1848-1871) The Age of Mass Politics (1871-1914) Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) Concert of Europe Conservatism
Post-war conservative repression ( ) France: King Louis XVIII Russia: Decemberist Uprising, 1825 Liberalism o Definition: o Classical Liberalism o Liberalism in Economics Utilitarianism
Nationalism National revolutionary movements: 1815-1829 Revolutions of 1830 o France: July Revolution (1830) o Italy (1831-1832) o Germany (1830-1833) o Prussia o Belgium o Poland
Reform in England Labor Reform Revolutions of 1848 France o February Revolution o June Days Revolution o Election of 1848
o Italy o Austria o German States o Frankfurt Parliament Socialism o Early French Socialists
o Scientific Socialism or Marxism Romanticism ( ) Romanticism Enlightenment o Forerunners of romanticism o Romantic Poetry o Romantic Literature
o Romantic Art o Music Urbanization in the Late 19 th Century o Second Industrial Revolution: last half of 19 th Century Urbanization o Public Health Movement o Urban planning & public transportation o Changes in social structure as a result of industrial revolution
Life at the fin-de-siecle (end of the century) o Belle Epoque The Bacterial Revolution Charles Darwin Sigmund Freud The New Physics Realism
Impressionism Post-Impressionism THE AGE OF REALPOLITIK ( ) o Characteristics o Crimean War ( ) o Second French Republic o The Second Empire (or Liberal Empire)
o Italian Unification Count Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi o German Unification Otto von Bismarck Bismarck s Wars of Unification o Austro-Hungarian Empire: Ausgleich (1867)
THE AGE OF MASS POLITICS ( ) o The German Empire ( ) Kaiser Wilhelm I Bismarck as Chancellor Wilhelm II o Third French Republic Dreyfus Affair o Great Britain
Reforms under Prime Minister Gladstone Reform groups in the 1880s and 1890s seeking extension of Democracy o Women s Suffrage Movement in England o The Irish Question o Austria-Hungary o The Eastern-Question Pan-Slavism Congress of Berlin ( )
o Socialist Movements Revisionism Socialist impact on politics in late-19 th and early-20 th centuries o Russia Alexander II Emancipation Act ( ) Industrialization of Russia Critics of Alexander II late in his reign
o Alexander III o Nicholas II Russo-Japanese War ( ) Revolution of 1905 19 th Century Political Study Guide (By Periods), pp. 86-91 o STUDY THESE TABLES! THEY ARE INCREDIBLY USEFUL! IMPERIALISM o Definition o Old Imperialism China Egypt
New Imperialism began in the 1870s o Major causes Scramble for Africa (details by country) New Imperialism in Asia o Responses to Western Imperialism of Asia Japan
WORLD WAR I Long-term causes o Rival Alliances o Anglo-German Arms Race o Imperialism and increased tensions o Nationalism created a powder keg in the Balkans Immediate causes of World War I Two opposing alliances
Eastern Front Total War Diplomacy during the War End of War ( ) Paris Peace Conference, 1919 o Big Four o Versailles Treaty, 1919
Results of WWI RUSSIAN REVOLUTION o Nicholas II o Birth of Socialism in Russia Mensheviks Bolsheviks February Revolution (additional details)
October Revolution (additional details) Russian Civil War o Reds (Bolsheviks) vs. Whites (counter-revolutionaries) o War communism