Latin America and the Cold War Kiana Frederick
Post WWII Adjustments
Post WWII Adjustments Sharp differences arose between the United States and Latin America after WWII. Latin American leaders felt they should be rewarded for their contributions European recovery was the United States priority. Disagreements in Latin America over: Trade Industrialization Direction of economy Role of United States
Post WWII Adjustments Latin America favored massive government role in industrialization and restrictions on foreign trade and investment as the only means of modernizing and regaining control of their economy. After the war, Latin America sought help to: Finance industrialization Access manufactured goods High prices of manufactured goods and declining prices for raw material eroded Latin America s terms of trade.
Post WWII Adjustments Evidence suggests that United States went back to a disregard for Latin America s sensitivities. U.S meddled in three South American nations political affairs Argentina Presidential Campaign Government in Chile to oust communist members of coalition cabinet Helped undermine revolutionary regime in Bolivia
Latin America Policies of Truman
Latin America Policies of Truman The Truman administration (1945-1953) focused its attention on fight communism in Europe and the Far East. This meddled with mixed success in the political affairs of Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina. The Rio Treaty of 1947 brought Central and South America into military alliance with the United States. Under Truman, at the Conference of the American states the OAS was formed.
The OAS The OAS was to provide collective security; an attack on one member of the OAS was an attack on all. The OAS also would be a mediator in disputes between members.
Latin American Policies of Eisenhower
Latin America Policies of Eisenhower Eisenhower was president from (1953-1961) Eisenhower marked a revival of strong corporate influence in U.S Foreign Policy His administration divided the world into two categories: Nations that supported the United States and those that did not They considered any foreign government that restricted the activities of the U.S corporations to be communist and a threat to the United States.
Latin America Policies of Eisenhower Eisenhower faced four challenges to this kind in Latin America Bolivia British Guiana Guatemala Cuba In these cases, the administration reacted according to the scale of the U.S economic interests involved and the domestic and international conditions.
The Cold War - First Stage (Up until 1950 s) The US had pushed Latin America to the back burner in the initial stages of the Cold War The vast expansion of communism influence in Eastern and Central Europe as a result of World War II The communist victory in the Chinese CiviL War The gains of the communist party It wasn t until the second stage of the Cold War that the U.S became concerned with Latin America s role in the cold war.
The Cold War - Second Stage (Mid 1950 s) Emergence of the Third World Independent states of Africa and Asia proclaimed themselves unaligned. The Cuban Revolution (1959) would lead to the establishment of the first socialist state in the Americans
The Cuban Revolution & United States-Latin American Relations
The Cuban Revolution Eisenhower s successful interventions with Latin America produced bitter criticism of the United States in Latin America. This would not change until the victory of Fidel Castro in Cuba in 1959, replacing Batista. Batista had been supported by the Communist Party of Cuba during his first term as president, but became anti-communism during his second term. Gained political and military support from the U.S
Video: https://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=duk _pabbtwe&t=38s
The Cuban Revolution Fidel Castro originally petitioned to overthrow Batista for corruption and tyranny. Rejected by the Cuban Courts Castro decided to launch an armed revolution & him and his brother created The Movement
The movement allowed for stockpiling weapons and recruiting around 1,200 followers from Havana's disgruntled working class by the end of 1952. The Cuban Revolution- The Movement The movement also planned a multitude of multi-pronged attacks on several military institutions. His brother and him as well as their followers would be imprisoned for this, then soon released. From this, his brother and Fidel would join with exiles from Mexico and overthrow Batista.
The Cuban Revolution United States opposed Castro s revolutionary movement and embarked on a two-pronged program to destroy his government. Fidel Castro replaced the government of cuba with a revolutionary socialist state. This transitioned to communism over the next 10 years. Ultimately, this revolution transformed Cuba s relationship with the United States.
OPVCL
The Cuban Revolution (Fidel Castro s The Revolution Begins Now) -OPVCL Origin: January 3, 1959 at the Cospedes Park in Santiago de Cuba Purpose: To influence the people of Cuba to back his socialist approach and begin a revolution against the government system that was currently in place. Value: The value is it reveals what was said in order to influence people away from the support of the United States and the history as to why Cuba has the socialist/communist nature that it has today. Limit: The limit of this is it doesn t necessarily reveal Fidel Castro s real thoughts for why socialist is best rather used mainly to influence an audience.
Impacts on Latin America s relations with the U.S To avert new Cuba s, U.S Policymakers sought to placate the rest of Latin America with various concessions. They ensured Latin America s backing by committing limited funds to the Social Trust Fund for the region and committed to supporting common markets in the area such as the Latin American Free Trade Association. The United States proposed to foster democracy and economic justice in Latin America through a program of incentives. The U.S also undertook the strengthening of the region s military.
Non Alignment Movement
The Non Alignment Movement The movement advocated a middle course for states in the developing world between the Western and Eastern Blocs during the Cold War. Five Principles: Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty. Mutual non-aggression. Mutual non-interference in domestic affairs. Equality and mutual benefit. Peaceful co-existence. Because the Non-Aligned Movement was formed as an attempt to throw out the Cold War, it has struggled to find relevance since the Cold War ended
Carter s Latin America Policy: Nationalism, The Canal, and Human Rights
Carter s Latin America Policy President Jimmy Carter proclaimed a new approach for U.S Foreign Policy based on a high regard for the individuality and sovereignty of each Latin American and Caribbean nation our respect for human rights.. [and] our desire to press forward on the great issues which affect the relations between the developed and developing nations.
Carter s Latin America Policy Two major principles to this initiative: The reopening of negotiations with Panama over the canal Beginning talks of Cuba about normalization of relations
Carter s Latin America Policy Panama Canal: Since the signing of the original treaty of the Panama Canal occasional violent protests occurred. Carter and General Omar Torrijos sought to remove this tension New Treaty: United States and Panama agreed on a gradual return of control to the Canal Zone to Panama by 2000; however provision for the US to intervene to maintain the operation of the canal. Negotiations with Cuba: Led to opening of United States and Cuban Interest Sections in Havana and Washington (1977) Short lived and came into conflict early over Cuba s extensive involvement in Africa Broke off future talks and relations worsened during 1980
Carter s Latin America Policy Human Rights Carter s pursuit of human rights proved to be the most controversial aspect of his foreign policy. He centered his attention on Chile, Argentina and Brazil - the harshest practitioners of repression in the region U.S instituted sanctions against all these nations Reduce economic and military aid Impede their ability to obtain credit from international agencies With growing concern about communist influence, Carter backed off his human rights activism.
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