Slavery was the topic
» if slavery is legal or not?» where slavery is allowed (or not allowed)?
» The United States had been experiencing rapid growth (in terms of population and in land acquisition) from 1783-1860» Examples of expansion?» How we got the land?
» While this land expansion benefited the United States» How?» It also created controversy.
» Each new piece of land became a piece of the United States that needed to be governed.» Whose job was it to govern the new lands? What three choices do we have? + 1. + 2. + 3.» Which level is the most powerful?» Which impacts your daily life the most?
» So should it be The federal government that decides about slavery? The state government that decides about slavery? Or should slavery be decided by popular sovereignty (the people that live in that specific area)?
» Look at your map.» Label three post-its (Federal, State, People)» Put the correctly labeled post-it where it belongs on the map. Ex. Where did STATE government make a decision about slavery?
And as if that wasn t enough (1783-1860)
» Principal A: No homework for the rest of the year for all 7 th graders.» Principal B: All 7 th and 8 th graders will have one test in every subject per week for the rest of the year.» Principal C: One core subject class will be held outside each day for the rest of the year; 8 th grade only.
» Loyalty and devotion (patriotism) to your nation Did nationalism exist in the 1800 s? How do people show their nationalistic pride? Who supported this idea? + Military + Federal government (you would think) + Northerners (at times)
» Favoring the interests of one region (N,S,W) over the interests of the entire country How do people show their sectionalist pride? Did sectionalism exist in the 1800 s?
» Those from the North supported decisions that helped manufacturing, industry technology, urban life, tariffs and anti-slavery» Those from the South supported decisions that helped farming, agricultural tools, rural living, no tariffs, and slavery» Those from the West supported decisions that helped mining, railroads, relationships with Native Americans, Spanish, Chinese
» Who supported this idea? States Southerners (especially due to slavery)» Growing divide among the young United States
Who s to decide?
Who s to decide?
Who s to decide? President Congress Supreme Court
Who s to decide?
» Complete the Compromises chart (p. 5 of unit packet) Using the textbook Identify: + when the compromise was made + what the compromise did/components of the compromise (relative to slavery) + how the compromise dealt with slavery (allowing it to spread? What lands the compromise impacted? tried to slow the spread of slavery? tried to stop slavery?)» Review/Check answers via Smart Notebook
May 22, 1856
Who s to decide?
Slave Moves from slave state (VA, AL, MO) to free state (IL, MN territory) with owner Sued for his freedom based on his time in free territories Dred Scott v. Sanford (1846) Reaches U.S. Supreme Court Decision March 6, 1857 Refuse to free Scott Emerson (owner) finally frees Scott and he lives out his life in St. Louis (MO)
Blacks were not citizens; therefore, Scott had no right to sue Nor did the Supreme Court have jurisdiction to make a decision Words of governing documents (U.S. Constitution, Dec. of Ind., Bill of Rights) were not meant to include negroes Slaves were personal property; therefore, Could not be lost upon entering new states/territories Message: You have no future in America Missouri Compromise officially declared unconstitutional by the DSD
Who s to decide?
The rights and powers held by individual U.S. states rather than by the federal government. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. Tenth Amendment
The men who wrote the Constitution fought passionately over the balance of power between the states and the federal governments. (b/c after breaking away from GB, there was a concern about how much power the federal government should have; Articles of Confederation vs. U.S. Constitution) When the Bill of Rights was added, the 10th Amendment provided that powers not given to the federal government remain with the states or the people. Much like the Founders, we continue to debate the proper balance between national and state powers.
Federal Government State Government
» * Print money» * Regulate interstate (between states) and international trade» * Make treaties and conduct foreign policy» * Declare war» * Provide an army and navy» * Establish post offices» * Make laws necessary and proper to carry out the these powers What can the federal government makes decisions about?
» * Issue licenses * Regulate intrastate (within the state) businesses * Conduct elections * Establish local governments * Ratify amendments to the Constitution * Take measures for public health and safety * May exert powers the Constitution does not delegate to the national government or prohibit the states from using
» Collect taxes» Build roads» Borrow money» Establish courts» Make and enforce laws» Charter banks and corporations» Spend money for the general welfare» Take private property for public purposes, with just compensation
Ex. driving age, gun laws, speed limits, child labor laws
Who s to decide?
» Political power belongs to the people (people decide by voting)» Senator Lewis Cass (Michigan)» Each state in the east was given a choice on the issue of slavery, why not new territories (Mexican Cession, Louisiana Purchase)» 1840 s
» As new lands (territories or states) entered into the United States residents from northern states and southern states flocked to those areas. Why? To influence the vote on the issue of slavery Violence erupts
» Abolitionists used the stories of fugitive slaves to gain sympathy for their cause (slave narratives)» Uncle Tom s Cabin fiction novel Evils of slavery» Created two million abolitionists
2. Fiction novel: 1. 3. Date published: 4. Purpose of novel: 5. South s reaction to novel? North s reaction to the novel? - 300,000 copies sold in three months. 6. Think about the books you read today. How do you know what to believe in a fiction story?
Read Letter Part 1
» 1856 - Kansas» Pro-Slavery activists raided the town of Lawrence, Kansas, an anti-slavery stronghold.» John Brown, an abolitionist who had moved to Kansas to make it a free territory, struck back. He rode into the town of Pottawatomie Creek in the middle of the night. Along with his 4 sons, Brown killed 5 proslavery settlers.» This guerilla warfare continued and by 1856, 200 people had been killed in Kansas» 1859 - Harpers Ferry, Virginia» Led followers east on his antislavery campaign» Planned an attack on a federal arsenal (to protest the governments allowing of slavery)» He hoped enslaved African- Americans would flock to the arsenal and he would provide guns for a revolt» Robert E. Lee (U.S. Marine) captures Brown and followers» 10/19 of Brown s men died at the arsenal» Brown and 8 others were hanged
» See Lincoln-Douglas Debates PP
J. Bell, J. Breckenridge, S. Douglas, A. Lincoln
1. In 1860 the Republican National Convention was deciding which of these two candidates would be their Presidential nominee for the general election? A. B. 2. Circle the name above that is selected by the Republican National Convention. 3. Why did the Democratic Party have two Presidential nominees?
4. Who was the Northern Democratic nominee? 5. Who was the Southern Democratic nominee? 6. What was the Constitutional Union party? Who was their Presidential nominee?
7. If Lincoln was not on the ballot for ten southern states, how did he still win the 1860 Presidential election? 8. What was the Southern reaction to Lincoln s victory? Why?
» To withdrawal» Leave the Union States held conventions to join the Union, shouldn t they be able to hold a convention to leave the Union?» Concern that Lincoln would abolish slavery in the entire US» Southern states believed their economy and way of life would be destroyed without slavery» South believed strongly in states rights in order to preserve their sectional beliefs
State Date of Secession South Carolina December 20, 1860 Mississippi January 9, 1861 Florida January 10, 1861 Alabama January 11, 1861 Georgia January 19, 1861 Louisiana January 26, 1861 Texas February 1, 1861 Virginia April 17, 1861* Arkansas May 6, 1861* North Carolina May 20, 1861* Tennessee June 8, 1861*
» 1808-1889» President (inaugurated Feb. 18, 1861) 1861-1865» Confederate States of America» House of Representatives - Mississippi Secretary of War 1853 U.S. Senator Mississippi» Opposed secession» As president Davis had a rocky relationship with Congress and states» Named Robert E. Lee commander of the Army of Northern Virginia
» NOVEMBER 6, 1860 Wins election as first Republican president in a four-way race» February 1, 1861 Seven states had seceded (Dec. 20, 1860 SC)» MARCH 4, 1861 Takes oath of office as sixteenth president of the U.S.» APRIL 12, 1861 First shots fired of the American Civil War» June 8, 1861 Four additional states had seceded (within the first three months of war totaling eleven states)