Extremism in the political landscape AN OVERVIEW

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Transcription:

Extremism in the political landscape AN OVERVIEW

A few definitions (1) A political system: the members of a social organization who are in power. Democracy: government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives. Autocracy: government by a single person having unlimited power; despotism. Plutocracy: government by the wealthy

A few definitions (2) Populism: political philosophy supporting the rights and power of the people in their struggle against the privileged elite. Fascism: system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator, a capitalist economy subject to stringent governmental controls, violent suppression of the opposition, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism. Illiberalism: a governing system in which, although elections take place, citizens are cut off from knowledge about the activities of those who exercise real power because of the lack of civil liberties

Political extremism (1) Who s the big bad wolf? 3 phases: 45 - mid 50s: political extremism = persona non grata Mid-50s-70s: «populist protest phase» antiestablishment («us v. them») Since the beg. of the 80s: revival of far-right political parties (immigration = core argument) Far right/far left US: Alt-right (controversial article by the New York Times and some reactions) Nostalgia for the Confederacy

Political extremism (2) Who s the big bad wolf? Populism: Does not involves a holistic view of how politics, the economy and society should be ordered. ( fascism) No suggested alternatives Tend to undermine countervailing powers 2016: as the percentage of immigrants in a nation increases, so does support for right-wing populist parties

Main far right torchbearers US Infowars (Alex Jones) Breitbart News KKK UK Tommy Robinson (/AndrewMcMaster/Paul Harris), former leader of the English Defence League (EDL) UKIP (radical right) Milo Yiannopoulos (UKIP)

Right-wing terrorism Main events US Charlottesville attack (August 12, 2017): Unite the Right rally UK Murder of Labour MP Jo Cox by a right-wing extremist at a public meeting bef. the referendum (2016) Right-wing terrorism on the rise since 2017 (article) Norway: 2011 Norway attacks (Anders Behring Breivik)

Autocratic regimes Russia : No actual opposition (repression) Ruthless repression: Oleg Sentsov China : March 2018: Xi Jinping allowed to remain 'president for life (term limits removed) Summer: crimes against Uighurs revealed

What s hot right now? Europe Poland (Law and Justice) + Hungary (Fidesz, Viktor Orbán) September 2018: Open debate at the European Commission about article 7 of the Constitution regarding Hungary. (article) Italy: Lega nord +M5S Germany: Chemnitz protests (late August/early September) September 2018: The Sweden Democrats failed to win power but established themselves as a political force to reckon with (62 seats out of 349 in Sweden s parliament). «Prosperity» populism (J-Y Camus, source) Generation identity preventing asylum seekers from reaching shore June 2018: banned from Twitter

What s hot right now? Britain May 2018: «Freedom of speech march» on Westminster October 2018: Tommy Robinson and the British army (article)

What s hot right now? Americas South America: Venezuela: Nicolàs Maduro (kleptocracy) Brazil: Jair Bolsonaro: won the first round of the general election. North America: Trump and populism : a thorny question August 2018: Infowars banned by Apple, FB and YT

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