Turn in: 1.Reading Questions 2.Map Questions 3.Charts 4.Opinion Matters 5.Poster

France Charles de Gaulle 1946: Fourth Republic changes:1958-5 th Republic strong president nukes increased economy outcome Student protests & labor strikes de Gaulle leaves office

France Francois Mitterrand (1981) aid workers nationalized industries economic decline continues Jacques Chirac (1995) conservative

West Germany to Germany Conrad Adenauer Economic miracle Unemployment fell Social Democrats Willy Brandt Treaty with East Germany (1972) Helmut Kohl (1980s and 90s) economic boom Reunification (1990) problems weak east unemployment attacks on foreigners

Great Britain Weakened by WWII creates a welfare state passes: National Insurance and Health Service Act outcome: leads to breakup of British Empire Northern Ireland Catholics vs. Protestants Margaret Thatcher (1980s) conservative reforms response: strikes & demonstrations = Thatcher resigns Tony Blair (1997) = Labour Party, 9-11, War on Terror

Unity between Western Europe Rome Treaty European Economic Community created: Free trade for members but tariff on others impact: became largest exporter and purchaser of raw materials EEC Added GB, Ireland, Denmark economic union European Union (1994) common currency

United States 1960s JFK importance: youngest president happened: assassinated

United States Johnson Civil Rights Act of 1964 prior = separate but equal leaders = Martin Luther King Jr stated = no segregation or discrimination Voting Rights Act impact: no more grandfather clause, literacy test, etc race riots in North Vietnam protests Nixon comes to office

United States 1970s Nixon law and order Watergate Carter economic inflation Iran

United States 1980s and 90s Reagan cut social programs military buildup budget deficit Bush economic downturn end of Cold War Clinton new kind of Democrat extracurricular Bush II & Obama War on Terror

Canada Economic success resources manufacturing US investment Pierre Trudeau rule for 2 decades 2 official languages Unity problems French vs. English separation vote in Quebec

Détente When? 1970s What? Improved relations between US and USSR Signs that things were better: trade between two Setbacks: USSR invades Afghanistan US reaction: US not involved in Olympics Embargo on grain Reagan Calls USSR evil empire Military increase Military aid to Afghan rebels

Brezhnev Ideas/Changes: Brezhnev Doctrine stated that USSR had right to intervene in another Communist state Allowed more access to Western culture Problems: Government too big and corrupt Farmers had no incentive to work Rise in infant mortality Decline in economy Rise in alcoholism Poor working conditions

Gorbachev Policies Glasnost openness to discussion of USSR problems Perestroika restructuring Economic Plan: Create market economy

Gorbachev Political change Created Congress of People s Deputies Elected parliament First time since 1918 Allowed for political parties to form Communist party no longer the lead role Created position of president he was first and only president of USSR

Gorbachev Changes allowed for hidden problems to show Problem: several ethnic groups in area Led to calls for independence Ukraine first to get independence October 3, 1990 Germany reunites Dec. 25, 1991 USSR dissolved

Russia

Russia First President of Russia - Boris Yeltsin Economy free market Problems: Chechens used force to keep them from revolting

Russia Putin Changes Land reform Tax cuts Moved to join WTO

Poland workers protests Lech Walesa Solidarity President Pope John Paul II

Czechoslovakia mass demonstrations Vaclav Havel Avoid ethnic conflicts split in 1993

Romania Nicolae Ceausescu harsh rule economic policies Revolt Ceausescu s executed

Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia Tito dies (1980) Independence (1990-91) Slovenia, Macedonia, BH, Croatia Slobodan Milosevic Serbia attacks Muslims in Bosnia (1995) attacks ethnic Albanians in Kosovo (1998) NATO response to both

Yugoslavia

Economic Problems Military dictatorships encouraged multinational corporations Banana Republics increased dependence on wealthy nations massive loans

Mexico 50s & 60s 70s PRI- Institutional Rev. Party Single party rule steady growth gains, wages Protests Mexico City, 1968: police killed 100s new oil reserves = increased exports dependence on oil exports: oil prices drop Vicente Fox (2000) 1 st non-pri candidate elected president

Cuba Since the Crisis Castro some reforms relied on Soviet aid Gone after 1991 Helms-Burton Act US law: embargo on Cuba stepped down Health issues Brother (Raul) to transition to political reforms

Central America El Salvador military dictatorships early 1990s: civil war Marxist rebels vs. US-funded army 75,000 dead

Central America Panama Manuel Noriega Military leader Drug trade CIA asset US invasion (1989) Panama Canal (1999)

Argentina Juan Peron descamisados (workers) shirtless ones Peron as president nationalized industries Authoritarian fascist gangs overthrown but returned military took over after he died (1976)

Argentina Falkland Islands aka Malvinas war against UK - 1982 defeat!! opened door for democracy

Chile Salvador Allende (1970) increased wages nationalized industries Foreign corps pushed out angered wealthy landlords and American mining companies copper 1973- assassinated After reelection Sept 11 th General Augusto Pinochet military dictatorship brutal regime defeated in 1989 Arrested as human rights abuser

Peru mostly poor, landless peasants General Juan Velasco Alvarado attempted reforms peasant cooperatives nationalized industries removed in 1975 Shining Path killed and tortured goal: classless society

Colombia coffee plantations Owners dominated gov t violent response to Marxist groups 200,000 killed stopping attempts to organize peasants drug production Cocaine Cartels Violence aerial eradication American troops - 2003

Independence Ghana: 1 st 1960: 17 nations Last: Angola, Mozambique (from Portugal) 1970s Algeria: French settlers independence in 1962

Challenges Civil war: Nigeria (1960s) Economy worsened when oil prices dropped

Challenges Ethiopia and Somalia: drought and war civil war and war between each other

Challenges Dictatorships: Idi Amin in Uganda (1970s) Others: Liberia Zimbabwe

Challenges Genocide: Hutus vs. Tutsis in Rwanda (1994) 800,000 killed in 100 days

South Africa Apartheid gov t segregation Nelson Mandela (ANC leader) imprisoned in 1962 released in 1990 Movement led by Bishop Desmond Tutu 1993: full suffrage elections Mandela elected President

Egypt Nasser Actions: Took Suez Canal Britain, France, and Israel Reaction: attacked (Suez War of 1956) US and USSR reaction: made them stop

Egypt Pan-Arabism Idea: Arab unity First step: united with Syria to form United Arab Republic Would have strength from OIL Oil nations never join Outcome: Syria eventually withdraws from union

Israel & Palestine Background after WWII Most of Middle East independent and mostly Muslim Holocaust made people look to give Jews a homeland 1948 = Palestine divided into a Jewish and Arab state Arab reaction: several countries invaded and refused to recognize Israel.

Israel & Palestine Arab Israeli Dispute Problem: Egypt stopped Israel from using Gulf of Aqaba Reaction from Israel: attacks Egypt and others (aka: Six Day War) Takes Sinai Peninsula Took area of West Bank and Golan Heights

Israel & Palestine Arab Israeli Dispute 1973 Egypt attacks Israel Outcome: UN forced ceasefire Other issue in area formation of OPEC Why? Control oil prices What did they do? Cut production and raised prices Impact oil shortages Led to: Camp David Accords Leaders: Sadat, Carter, and Begin Stated: ended war between Egypt and Israel

Israel & Palestine PLO formed What is it: Palestinian Liberation Organization Purpose: called for Palestine to be created Leader: Yasir Arafat

Israel & Palestine Al-Fatah What is it? Guerilla movement Leader Yasir Arafat Actions taken by both intifada uprising against Israel Outcome: PLO was given control of semi-independent area and they had to recognize Israel

Iraq 1980 dispute with Iraq over boundaries Actions by Saddam- used children to clear minefields; used chemical weapons against minorities Outcome: cease-fire 1990 invaded Kuwait Outcome: UN attacked and pushed them out 2003 invaded by US and Coalition forces Outcome: Hussein captured 10 yrs later??

Afghanistan Background after WWII taken over by USSR US action: helped push USSR out 1998- Taliban takes control Problem: shelter to Bin Laden Outcome: UN ask for Bin Laden and when denied war is declared 10 yrs later??

Deng Xiaoping Policy - four modernizations changes: foreign investors sent students to study abroad farming - allowed land to be leased and anything produced could be sold for profit make goods to sell problem: people wanted democracy outcome of demand: Tiananmen Square protest gov't response: sent in troops

Society Changes brought to China by Communism women given equality family not as important as society Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution - children were expected to report on parents Today: more economic and religious freedoms still human rights violations

India Division Hindus: India Muslims: Pakistan Sikhs: Punjab not independent assassinated PM Indira Gandhi (1984) conflict with Pakistan over Kashmir both nuclear powers

Southeast Asia Vietnam communism unified after Vietnam War Cambodia Khmer Rouge Philippines Ferdinand Marcos Corazon Aquino Terrorism East Timor Invaded 1974 by Indonesia Independence 2002

The Japanese Miracle new constitution after WWII state capitalism active gov t efficiency zaibatsu society work ethic and family honor

Asian Tigers South Korea struggle for democracy industrial growth large corporations Taiwan Republic of China concentrated on economic growth recent democracy Singapore British colony ships, oil refineries, electronics Hong Kong British rule until 1997 very high standard of living

Asian Tigers

Shanghai, China