The Russian Revolution Bennifield 1
Bennifield 2 STANDARD The student will explain conflict and change in Europe to the 21 st century.
Bennifield 3 Essential Question How did the Russian Revolution contribute to instability in Europe during and after WWI?
PEACE, LAND & BREAD VIDEO Bennifield 4
Bennifield 5 Why would people want to rebel against their government?
Bennifield 6 This is the short version.
For many years before World War I, Russian citizens had suffered under the rule of Tsar Nicholas II.
The ruling class held the country s wealth, and the peasants barely had enough food to eat.
Russia fought on the side of the Allies in World War I and suffered terrible losses.
By 1917, Russians were tired of food shortages, shivering from coal shortages, and exhausted by war.
Workers united against the Russian ruler, overthrew the monarchy, and killed Nicholas and his family.
This is known as the Russian Revolution.
1. Russian citizens were happy and wealthy under Tsar Nicholas II. 2. Russia suffered terrible losses after WWI and the people were tired of being hungry, cold, and ravaged by war. 3. Russia fought on the side of the Central Powers during WWI. 4. The Russian monarchy was overthrown in the Russian Revolution. 5. The Bolshevik, or Communist Party, took over after the Russian Revolution.
Bennifield 14 This is the looong version.
Cartoon Video Clip about the Russian Revolution http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=kzbho6asboc
The Russian Revolution
What was the Russian Revolution? The revolution in the Russian empire in 1917, in which the Russian monarchy (Czarist regime) was overthrown resulting in the formation of the world s first communist government.
Czar Nicholas II The Last Czar of Russia Descendant of the Russian Romanovs. Absolute ruler with unlimited powers-ruled alone and unquestioned. Weak personality. Ignored the needs of his people. Czarina Alexandra, wife of Nicholas II was German. Both were very unpopular.
RUSSIA BEFORE THE REVOLUTION The People Majority of the Russians were peasants or factory workers. Most peasants did not own the land they farmed. Factory workers had to endure long hours, low pay, and horrible working conditions. About 80% of Russians were poor.
The Economy Economy was based on agriculture. Russia was not as industrialized as the rest of Europe. Russia s war with Japan had devastated Russia s economy. Food prices went up, but the wages remained the same. Many people were starving.
Bloody Sunday The Path to the Revolution
1905 BLOODY SUNDAY What happened? Sunday, 22nd January, 1905 On a Sunday afternoon, a large group of over 200,000 unarmed workers, their families, and supporters along with Father Gapon, a Russian priest led a peaceful demonstration in St. Petersburg. Demonstrators wanted to present a petition to the Czar regarding better working conditions, more wages, and freedom. The unarmed demonstrators were shot by the Czar's troops. Many innocent people were killed.
Bloody Sunday sparked several protests and strikes by the Russian people. The Czar was forced to create the Duma-the Russian Parliament. Nothing really changed, Nicholas kept power and if members of the Duma disagreed with the Czar they were sent away
1914: The Effects of World War I Russia entered World War I and did not do well Millions of soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing, people suffered severe food shortages, Soldiers did not have enough clothes, shoes, or weapons. Czar Ivan still treated his people poorly!
Bennifield 26 Fast forward to 1917
The Revolution Begins BIG ISSUE: People are hungry, poor keeps getting poorer (uneven distribution of wealth) On February 28, 1917, Czar Nicholas is forced to give up the throne. A provisional (temporary) government takes over. THE PROBLEM: Provisional government supports the war. Peasants are still without land.
The Revolution In 1922, Vladimir Lenin promised the peasants Peace, Land, Bread! Bolsheviks gain support from peasants with promise of land. Lenin led the Bolshevik Party who then pushed the temporary gov t aside and took control of Russiashed e. The Bolshevik Party took over will be later named The Russian Communist Party. of the Soviet Union.
Bennifield 29 What does Lenin do when he comes to power?
Lenin redistributes land to the peasants. Where did Lenin get the land from?
In 1922, Lenin reorganized the country and named it the Soviet Union
In 1918, Lenin officially pulls Russia out of WWI. Note: Russia stopped fighting in1917
In 1918 Bolsheviks order the deaths of Nicholas II and his family.
RISE OF COMMUNISM Bennifield 34
Why Communism? A theory that says the government should own the farms and factories for the benefit of all the citizens Everyone should share the work equally and receive an equal share of the rewards *Appealed greatly to many Russians (split between rich and poor) *Lenin promised that communism would bring fairness and equality to ALL Russians
Lenin Brings Communism to Russia 1922: Lenin reorganized the country and named it the Soviet Union Joined Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Georgia, & Ukraine
Communism is the theory that all people should be equal and there should be no classes. Everyone should work for the good of the country and wealth would be equally shared amongst all citizens.
By 1923 all areas of Russia came under communist control and is renamed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
In 1926, a few years after the death of Lenin the country comes under the control of dictator Joseph Stalin.
In the years to come, the USSR under Joseph Stalin emerges as the world s leading superpower.
1)A major cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was the A.German defeat in WWI. B.marriage of Czar Nicholas II to a German princess. C.existence of sharp economic differences between social classes. D.Russian victory in the Russo-Japanese War.
Read the statements in the box, and then answer the next question. Led the Russians in a second revolution (1917) Promised Peace, Land, and Bread Redistributed land to the peasants. 2) Which leader is being described by these statements? A.Czar Nicholas II B.Vladimir I. Lenin C.Nikita Khrushchev D.Mikhail Gorbachev
Read the statements in the box and answer the next question. Czar Abdicates! Provisional Government Formed Peasants Promised Peace, Land, and Bread 3) Which event is the focus of these headlines? A.Bloody Sunday B.October Revolution C.February Revolution D.Both B and C.
4) In the view of this cartoonist, Russia under Lenin s rule was characterized by A.a continuation of traditional life B.the introduction of capitalism C.support for a constitutional monarchy D.rejection of the czarist system
5) Which statement best describes the relationship between World War I and the Russian Revolution? A.World War I created conditions within Russia that helped trigger a revolution B.World War I postponed the Russian Revolution by restoring confidence in the Czar C.the Russian Revolution inspired the Russian people to win World War I D.World War I gave the Czar s army the needed experience to suppress the Russian Revolution
6) Revolutionary supporters of Lenin were known as A) the Bolsheviks B) the Duma C) the Cheka D) the Whites
7) A march in1905 that led to the death of hundreds of Russians protesting poverty, poor working conditions, and starvation. A.October Revolution B.February Revolution C.Bloody Monday D.Bloody Sunday