INSTRUCTIONAL VOCABULARY CARDS Use these cards independently or with a partner to review the instructional terms introduced online. cause and effect cause and the result of that event effect transition words the result of what happens subject words that connect ideas in a text what the text is mostly about page 1
SKILL FOCUS A. Read the terms in the box. Then, write each term next to its definition. cause effect cause and effect transition words subject 1. and the result of that event 2. what the text is mostly about 3. the result of what happens 4. words that connect ideas in a text 5. B. Find the following transition words in the word search below. because as a result so therefore consequently c o n s e q u e n t l y n z e c f w j c g w x s z g b e c a u s e t s l i q o d t j z e u q x j a s a r e s u l t p t g v j e t h e r e f o r e o q r m r e s o l n t v page 2
SKILL FOCUS C. Read the sentences below. Draw a line connecting each cause with its effect. CAUSES EFFECTS It rained for four days. The ice cream cone melted. The bicycle ran over a nail. I was late for school. It was very hot outside. I felt awake and alert. I forgot to set my alarm. The streets flooded. I drank a cup of coffee. The cook slipped. Oil spilled on the floor. The tire was flat. D. Complete the following sentences with one of the Compare and Contrast Transition Words included in the arrows. Try not to use a transition word more than once. CAUSE (reason) so, therefore, consequently, as a result because 1. The ship was traveling too fast., it struck an iceberg. 2. There were not enough lifeboats., many people did not survive. 3. Long ago, sailors suffered from a disease called scurvy., they had pain and swelling. 4. Many sailors died there was no cure. EFFECT (result) 5. A doctor discovered that a lack of vitamin C was the problem., sailors could be given vitamin C to heal. page 3
TEXT The Old News Volume 17 1907 IMMIGRATION: WHY PEOPLE COME Immigration is nothing new. People are always moving from one country to another. Think about the United States in 1907. Did you know that 1.3 million people came into the U.S. in one year? There are many reasons why people immigrate. Let s look back to 1907 in America. New machines were invented that made life easier for people. Farming machines made food easier to plant and grow. Factories popped up in cities everywhere. People worked in them to make clothes, shoes, and other items. Consequently, people found work in many places. America also let people worship how they wanted because of a free government. 1.3 million people came into the United States in 1907. Immigrants landing at Ellis Island, New York in the early 1900s. NOTE: Immigrate is the verb you use when people come to another country. Immigration is the noun you use to talk about the topic. Immigrant is the noun you use talk about a person who has come to a new country. In Europe, some people wanted to leave. Citizens could not follow their beliefs and were punished for those beliefs. Some were forced into fighting in wars. In other countries, a terrible crop disease happened. This blight caused crops to die. As a result, many people starved. People had no jobs. They could not feed their families. So, they took the difficult trip across the Atlantic Ocean and came to America. Often, many people got sick at sea from diseases. They never made it to the U.S. Others could not pass certain tests. Therefore, they were sent back to their home countries. There are many reasons why people immigrate. Sometimes they come by choice and sometimes because of hard lives. The bottom line is this: immigration has been around for a very long time. page 4
SKILL APPLICATION A. First, go back to the text Immigration: Why People Come, and circle or highlight cause and effect transition words you find. Then, write them on the lines below. 1. 2. 4. 5. 3. B. Use the text Immigration: Why People Come to complete the chart below. The first one has been done for you. Factories popped up in many cities in America. There were many jobs for people. Many people starved. America had a free government. Some immigrants were sent back to their home countries. With a partner, explore the book City of Orphans by Avi on the web. Read reviews and excerpts about the book to see what life was like for young immigrants at this time. Think about the causes and effects of their experiences. page 5
ANSWER KEY SKILL FOCUS A. Read the terms in the box. Then, write each term next to its definition. cause effect cause and effect transition words subject 1. cause and effect and the result of that event 2. subject what the text is mostly about 3. effect the result of what happens 4. transition words words that connect ideas in a text 5. cause B. Find the following transition words in the word search below. because as a result so therefore consequently c o n s e q u e n t l y n z e c f w j c g w x s z g b e c a u s e t s l i q o d t j z e u q x j a s a r e s u l t p t g v j e t h e r e f o r e o q r m r e s o l n t v page 2 INSTRUCTIONAL VOCABULARY CARDS Use these cards independently or with a partner to review the instructional terms introduced online. cause and effect cause and the result of that event effect transition words the result of what happens words that connect ideas in a text subject what the text is mostly about page 1
ANSWER KEY TEXT The Old News Volume 17 1907 IMMIGRATION: WHY PEOPLE COME Immigration is nothing new. People are always moving from one country to another. Think about the United States in 1907. Did you know that 1.3 million people came into the U.S. in one year? There are many reasons why people immigrate. Let s look back to 1907 in America. New machines were invented that made life easier for people. Farming machines made food easier to plant and grow. Factories popped up in cities everywhere. People worked in them to make clothes, shoes, and other items. Consequently, people found work in many places. America also let people worship how they wanted because of a free government. 1.3 million people came into the United States in 1907. In Europe, some people wanted to leave. Citizens could not follow their beliefs and were punished for those beliefs. Some were forced into fighting in wars. In other countries, a terrible crop disease happened. This blight caused crops to die. As a result, many people starved. People had no jobs. They could not feed their families. So, they took the difficult trip across the Atlantic Ocean and came to America. Often, many people got sick at sea from diseases. They never made it to the U.S. Others could not pass certain tests. Therefore, they were sent back to their home countries. Immigrants landing at Ellis Island, New York in the early 1900s. There are many reasons why people immigrate. Sometimes they come by choice and sometimes because of hard lives. The bottom line is this: immigration has been around for a very long time. NOTE: Immigrate is the verb you use when people come to another country. Immigration is the noun you use to talk about the topic. Immigrant is the noun you use talk about a person who has come to a new country. page 4 SKILL FOCUS C. Read the sentences below. Draw a line connecting each cause with its effect. CAUSES EFFECTS It rained for four days. The ice cream cone melted. The bicycle ran over a nail. I was late for school. It was very hot outside. I felt awake and alert. I forgot to set my alarm. The streets flooded. I drank a cup of coffee. The cook slipped. Oil spilled on the floor. The tire was flat. D. Complete the following sentences with one of the Compare and Contrast Transition Words included in the arrows. Try not to use a transition word more than once. CAUSE (reason) so, therefore, consequently, as a result EFFECT (result) because 1. The ship was traveling too fast. (Consequently, As a result), it struck an iceberg. 2. There were not enough lifeboats. (Therefore, So), many people did not survive. 3. Long ago, sailors suffered from a disease called scurvy. (As a result, Consequently), they had pain and swelling. 4. Many sailors died because there was no cure. 5. A doctor discovered that a lack of vitamin C was the problem. (So, Therefore), sailors could be given vitamin C to heal. page 3
ANSWER KEY SKILL APPLICATION A. First, go back to the text Immigration: Why People Come, and circle or highlight cause and effect transition words you find. Then, write them on the lines below. 1. Consequently 4. Therefore As a result 2. 5. because 3. So B. Use the text Immigration: Why People Come to complete the chart below. The first one has been done for you. Factories popped up in many cities in America. There were many jobs for people. In other countries, a terrible crop disease happened. This blight caused crops to die. Many people starved. America had a free government. So, people were free to worship how they wanted. Not all immigrants were able to pass certain tests. Some immigrants were sent back to their home countries. With a partner, explore the book City of Orphans by Avi on the web. Read reviews and excerpts about the book to see what life was like for young immigrants at this time. Think about the causes and effects of their experiences. page 5