ernationa evelopment Approaches, Actors,. and Issues Paul A. Haslam Jessica Schafer Pierre Beaudet OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
CONTENTS List of Boxes, Figures, and Tables Preface xiv Acknowledgements xvi List of Acronyms xvii List of Contributors xxi PART I THEORIES OF AND APPROACHES TO INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Chapter 1 Meaning, Measurement, and Morality in International Development Jessica Schafer, Paul A. Haslam, and Pierre Beaudet 3 What is the developing world? 3 * Labelling in international development 5 Growth, inequality, poverty, and development 10 Global ethics and international development 18 Ethical behaviour and the development practitioner 24 Chapter 2 Imperialism and the Colonial Experience Eric Allina-Pisano 28 European expansion and conquest 28 Rival empires oi trade 32 'High' imperialism in Africa 36 Common themes in the-- colonial experience 39 Chapter 3 Theories of Development Radhika Desai 45 Development avant la lettre 46 The moment of development 49 Disputing development 52 Conclusion: Whither development? 63 Chapter 4 Post-development Eunice N. Sahle 66 The post-development turn in development studies: Historical context 66 Interrogating post-1945 development discourse: Post-development perspectives 69 The post-development school: Brief notes on critiques 80 Chapter 5 Gender and Development: Issues and Struggles of Third World Women Andrea Martinez 83 An obstacle' course ' 83 The emergence of the field 'women, gender, and development! 87 Three lessons to better orient yourself 101 Chapter 6 Globalization and Development Pierre Beaudet 103 Introduction 103 Globalization and developing countries 103 Another globalization? Ill Concluding observations 118
PART II INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ACTORS 121 Chapter 7 State of the State: Does the State Have a Role in Development? Anil Hi'ra 123 Introduction: What is the state? The legacy of colonialism 123 Defining the state's role in development 125 ' Central debates about the role of the state in economic development 126 Chapter 8 National Development Agencies and Bilateral Aid Stephen Brown 135 Clarifying the terminology 135 Overview of aid donors 136 Donor motivations 139 Characteristics of donors 143 Aid recipients 145 Current trends and controversies 148 Chapter 9 The International Financial Institutions Marcus Taylor 152 Overview 152 The origins of the IMF andl World Bank 153 Governance structures 156 The turbulent decade of the 1970s 157 The debt crisis, structural adjustment, and conditionality 159 Beyond structural adjustment? 160 The World Bank, good governance, and institution-building 162 The IMF and the Asian crisis 164 Into the new millennium: Poverty reduction and country ownership 165 Conclusion: Towards reform or irrelevance? 167 *, Chapter 10 The United Nations and Multilateral Actors in Development David Sogge 169 The United Nations System 170 Multilateral agencies of Western governments 183 Multilateral organizations anchored in non-western governments 186 Conclusions 188 Chapter 11 Multinational Corporations Paul Alexander Haslam 191 What is a multinational corporation? 191 What motivates multinationals to go abroad? 194 Relationship between states and multinationals 198 International regulation of MNCs 201 Corporate social responsibility 202 MNCs, poverty, and development: 203 The people strike back: Contentious issues in the commumty-mnc relationship 206 Conclusion 207
Chapter 12 Civil Society and Development Henry Veltmeyer 211 Civil society: The itinerary of a concept 212 Civil society in context: Setting the stage 213.The economic and political dynamics of development in civil society 216 The emergence of a global civil society: The political dynamics. of-anti-globalization 218 Civil society and local development 219 NGOs: Catalysts for development or agents of outside interests? 222 Development beyond neo-liberalisro: Civil society and the -state 224 Conclusion 225 PART III ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 229 Chapter 13 Poverty and Exclusion: From Basic Needs to the Millennium Development Goals David R. Morrison 231 Why be concerned about poverty reduction? 232 The international aid regime and poverty reduction: A brief history 233 Who are the poor? Definitions and conceptions of poverty 239 How the different approaches frame policy '246 Beyond neo-liberalism: A new approach to poverty reduction? 247 Key elements of the Mehrotra-Delamonica agenda 248 Chapter 14 Debt and Development Joseph Hanlon 254 ' Lending to developing countries 255 Governments, politics, the Cold War, and the debt crisis 257 The 1980s debt crisis 258 The South pays to solve the Northern crisis 263 Two final questions 266 Summary and conclusion 269 Chapter 15 Free Trade and Fair Trade Gavin Fridell 271 Introduction 271 Free trade and fair trade since 1945 274 The limits o( a trade perspective- 281 The future of international trade 282 Chapter 16 Democracy Cedric jourde 287 Clarifying the concepts: A difficult task 287 'Waves' of democratization 293 How can we explain democratization? Structure or actors 7 The national or international arena? 294 After the transition 7 Consolidation or a return towards authoritarianism? 298 The causal weight.of democratization: Is it an obstacle to or a catalyst for economic and social development? 301 Conclusion 303
Chapter 17 Environment and Development Deborah Sick 305 Post-World War II development policies and the environment Changing perspectives on environment and development 308 Sustainable.development in practice 312, Participatory approaches in governance 314 Equity, consumption, and environmental justice 319 Conclusions 320 306 Chapter 18 Rural Development Joshua Ramisch Introduction 323 Putting the 'rural' in context 324 Rural transformations 328 Models 333 Challenges 339 323 Chapter 19 Development and Health Ted Schrecker 345 Introduction: Wealth, health, 1 and the rest of the story 346 Globalization, development, and health 35.1 Old players and new in development and health 357 Investing in health, security, equity, or???: Critical choices ahead 360 Chapter 20 Education and Development: The Perennial Contradictions of Policy Discourse Richard Maclure, Refaat Sabbah, and Daniel Lavan 367 Education for development: Competing perspectives 367 The era of educational expansion and consensus 369 The tarnished promise: Educational crisis and the erosion of consensual discourse 370 The Jomtien Conference and the vision of education for all (EFA) 372 Re-asserting transformative ideals 377 Conclusion: The contradictions of education for development 380 Chapter 21 Conflict and Development Astri Suhrke and Torunn Wimpelmann Chaudhary 384 Posing the question 384 Definitions, approaches, and methods 385 Conflict and development: Perspectives and findings 389 Dealing with the development-conflict nexus: Intervention and peacebuilding 400 Conclusions 403 Chapter 22 International Migration and Development Khalid Koser Contemporary international migration 406 Development and migration 407 Migration and development 416 Displacement and development 420 Conclusions 422 406
Chapter 23 Indigenous Peoples: A Category in Development Natacha Cagne What is indigeneity? 425 A short history of indigeneity at the international level 430 Recent developments and current issues 437 425 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Technology, Information, and Development Erwin A. Alampay Technology and society 445 The information society 447 The impact of Ids on society 452 The digital divide 454, Using icts for development 458 Culture and Development Nissim Mannathukkaren 463 Introduction 463 What is culture? 465 The cultural versus the material 466 Culture as domination and culture as resistance 469 The cultural turn 474 Conclusion 484 445 Epilogue China, Globalization, and Development Samir Amin 485 Introduction 485 Contrasting legacies of the Chinese Revolution 486 The challenges of contemporary China 489 Concluding thoughts: China in the debate on development ' 496 Glossary 499 List of References Index 538 510