Ethics and Cultural Policy in a Global Economy

Ethics and Cultural Policy in a Global Economy

Also by Sarah Owen-Vandersluis POVERTY IN WORLD POLITICS: Whose Global Era? (co-edited with Paris Yeros) THE STATE AND IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Ethics and Cultural Policy in a Global Economy Sarah Owen-Vandersluis

Sarah Owen-Vandersluis 2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2003 978-0-333-98197-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2003 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-43033-8 ISBN 978-1-4039-4378-1 (ebook) DOI 10.1057/9781403943781 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Owen Vandersluis, Sarah, 1974- Ethics and cultural policy in a global economy / Sarah Owen-Vandersluis. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Culture Economic aspects. 2. Cultural policy Moral and ethical aspects. I. Title. HM621.O9 2003 306 dc21 2003048064 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03

For my parents

Contents Acknowledgements ix 1 Introduction 1 Neoclassical economics and IPE 1 What role for critical theory? Moving beyond neo-gramscianism 3 Culture and critical theory 11 Argument of the book 12 2 Contending Views of Culture and the Good Life 15 Market-based approaches 15 Community-based approaches 26 Conclusion 37 3 Welfare Economics and the Moral Relevance of Culture 38 Ethics and economics 39 The obvious moral claim: individual well-being 39 The prior moral premise: individual freedom 48 Hayek on freedom and the market 50 The free market, liberty, and culture 57 Conclusion 65 4 The Ethics of Culture and Community 67 National survival 69 Why not liberalism? 72 Conclusion 80 5 Towards an Ethics for Cultural Policy: Charles Taylor Considered 81 Taylor s position 82 Taylor s ethics 86 Taylor s ethics reconsidered 90 The value of Taylor s approach 102 6 Social Justice in a Multicultural Context 104 Ontology 104 Ethics 107 vii

viii Contents Political institutions 116 Critiques 118 7 Cultural Industries and Cross-Border Trade: Canadian Periodicals Examined 126 Periodicals in Canada: an overview 126 Canada US trade disputes over periodicals 135 An ethical approach 146 8 Prospects for Post-National Cultural Policy: the Case of the European Union 153 European Community cultural policy described 153 European Community cultural policy examined 166 Conclusion 178 The relevance of ethics for cultural policy 178 The ethical inadequacy of economistic and nationalist approaches 179 Culture and identity an ethically justifiable approach 180 Implications for policy 180 Where to from here? 181 Notes 183 Bibliography 207 Index 230

Acknowledgements This book arose out of my PhD research at the London School of Economics and Political Science. I wish to gratefully acknowledge the financial assistance of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the Overseas Research Students Award Scheme, the Canadian Women s Club and the Scholarships Office of the London School of Economics. This project began with my editorship of Millennium: Journal of International Studies. Looking back, it is clear to me that my prolonged involvement with the Millennium community and the continued friendship of successive generations of editors and business managers has been invaluable. In particular, several friends and colleagues have willingly devoted much of their own time to reading and commenting on portions of this book. I owe a special debt of gratitude to Paris Yeros, Eivind Hovden, Amru Al-Baho, Hakan Seçkinelgin, Nick Bisley, Per Hammarlund, David Macdonald, and Julius Sen. Their assistance has been invaluable, as has their companionship. James Mayall has been encouraging me and challenging me intellectually since he first became my undergraduate tutor in 1991. Without his help, there is no question that I would not have achieved first-class results in 1994, nor would I have felt the motivation to pursue postgraduate studies. Throughout the writing of my PhD and then this book, he has always been available when I have needed his counsel, and his thoughts and comments have always forced me to think things through more carefully. That this book has reached fruition is, above all, a credit to my parents, Bob and Lesley Owen. Both have sacrificed a great deal to encourage and support me throughout this project. Without their intellectual, emotional and financial support, I would never have arrived at the LSE in the first place, nor could I ever have hoped, 10 years later, to be publishing my completed PhD. Finally, I am grateful for the constant support of my husband, Bob Vandersluis. He has read and discussed many parts of this book and has often frustrated me greatly by challenging my assumptions and forcing me to better defend my ideas. He has also willingly allowed my research to take over a good portion of our house and our lives over the past seven years. I could not have finished this book without his support and ix

x Acknowledgements companionship and, in all respects, it is a much better product because of his involvement. Responsibility for the ideas expressed here is, of course, entirely my own; the argument does not necessarily reflect the views of any organisations with which I am affiliated.