Ch 15: The Union Severed Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) In response to Fort Sumter: A) both North and South witnessed a tremendous outpouring of support. B) President Lincoln asked Congress to initiate plans for military conscription. C) whites in the South unanimously supported secession. D) the states of Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri seceded and joined the Confederacy. E) Northern authorities enlisted black volunteers for military service. 1) 2) The material assets of the North during the Civil War: A) allowed the North to wage a defensive war. B) became effective only in the long run. C) caused European countries to immediately throw their support toward the Union. D) immediately placed the South at a disadvantage. E) offset the greater supply of manpower in the South. 2) 3) To secure Maryland for the Union, Lincoln: A) issued a writ of habeas corpus. B) bribed business leaders for their support. C) arrested and detained southern sympathizers. D) offered a declaration of emancipation. E) sent federal troops to Baltimore. 3) 4) In February 1861, the original seceding states created a provisional government: A) authorizing generous funds for employees and supplies. B) selecting Robert E. Lee as president. C) that emphasized its primacy over the new Confederate states. D) establishing their capital at Richmond, Virginia. E) emphasizing the sovereignty of the states. 4) 5) For his cabinet, Lincoln selected: A) only those men who agreed with his views. B) friends to whom he owed political debts. C) important Republicans from different factions of the party. D) men from the Democratic and Republican parties. E) men of lesser political stature or ability. 5) 6) Lincoln's early actions as president indicated that he intended to: A) take responsibility for running his own administration. B) take the advice of his wife seriously. C) act only with the sanction of Congress. D) respect the traditions and dogmas of the past. E) rely heavily on his cabinet members' advice. 6) 1
7) Jefferson Davis was observed by his contemporaries as too: A) unwilling to experiment. B) preoccupied with details. C) insensitive to criticism. D) lazy and easy going. E) insightful and humorous. 7) 8) The use of the new, longer-range rifles during the Civil War: A) led to more effective use of artillery. B) contradicted the training offered at West Point. C) reduced the range of the rifle from 500 yards to 100 yards. D) reduced the emphasis on infantry attack. E) produced a ghastly crop of dead men. 8) 9) During the early years of the war in the East: A) General Winfield Scott pushed for action and quick victory. B) the South followed an exclusively defensive strategy. C) the North inflicted a devastating blow at the Battle of Bull Run. D) victory for the North seemed imminent. E) a stalemate developed as decisive victory eluded both sides. 9) 10) The Battle of Bull Run was a prophetic one in that it convinced northerners of the: A) military genius of General Irwin McDowell. B) uselessness of formal military training. C) need to confront and resolve logistic problems. D) need for an alliance with Native Americans. E) certainty of their prospects for quick victory. 10) 11) Placed in command of the Union armies in 1861, General George McClellan: A) inflicted unnecessary and embittering loss of life and property. B) captured the city of Richmond during his Peninsula campaign. C) became known as "Stonewall" McClellan. D) wished to win the war "by maneuvering rather than fighting." E) gained a reputation for bold, almost reckless tactics. 11) 12) In the early western theater of the Civil War, Ulysses S. Grant: A) hesitated to attack because he hoped to persuade the South to rejoin the Union. B) displayed a military genius for setting large goals. C) surprised a large Confederate force at Shiloh Church. D) closely coordinated plans with eastern military activities. E) prematurely invaded forts in Kentucky and Tennessee. 12) 13) The casualties from the battle at Shiloh Church were enormous because of the: A) foolish use of headlong infantry attacks. B) surprise nature of the southern attack. C) insufficient care of wounds on the battlefield. D) development of more lethal weapons and ammunition. E) depredations of the Confederate army against the Union wounded. 13) 2
14) During the early years of the Civil War, the northern navy concentrated on: A) assisting the Union army. B) freeing the slaves in southern ports. C) developing new weapons and ironclad vessels. D) gaining footholds along the southern coast for a blockade. E) raiding southern merchant ships. 14) 15) Southerners thought that European nations would recognize and support the Confederacy because of the Europeans': A) need for the South's African American slaves. B) desire to upset the balance of power. C) wish to back the winning side. D) lack of economic ties with the North. E) dependence upon southern cotton. 15) 16) In contrast to the North, the South relied more heavily on the: A) use of conscription to maintain their armed forces. B) issue of government bonds to borrow money. C) levy of direct taxes for war finances. D) use of black soldiers for fighting. E) imposition of government measures to control inflation. 16) 17) The largest civil disturbance of the nineteenth century occurred in New York City in early July 1863, known as the: A) housing riots. B) bread riots. C) police riots. D) draft riots. E) zoot suit riots. 17) 18) Riots in the South in 1863 resulted from: A) lack of cotton. B) shortages of food. C) shortages of slaves. D) lack of soldiers. E) none of the above 18) 19) Political dissension in the South during the Civil War: A) tended to be factional, petty, and often personal in nature. B) resulted in the establishment of party mechanisms to channel or curb criticism. C) proved to be most contentious over the use black slaves in the military. D) led detractors to offer programs in opposition to Democratic policies. E) produced an arbitrary and tyrannical expansion of presidential power. 19) 3
20) The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by Abraham Lincoln for all of the following reasons EXCEPT the: A) wish to save white lives, preserve the democratic process, and bring victory. B) need to prepare northern whites for the eventuality of emancipation. C) implicit appeal to slaves to subvert the southern war effort. D) diplomatic concern of favorable foreign impressions of the North. E) desire to undermine Democratic opposition of the administration. 20) 21) The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in: A) the border states of the Union. B) all portions of the United States. C) parts of the South already in northern hands. D) the western territories. E) rebellious states of the Confederacy. 21) 22) During the Civil War, the northern army: A) never allowed black troops to serve in combat. B) respected and protected the property of civilians. C) proved the effectiveness of Jomini's military theories. D) rejected the use of defensive earthworks and trenches. E) was first to use black troops for combat duty. 22) 23) At the Battle of Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee: A) ordered Pickett's Charge as a daring escape to save his men. B) captured control of northern territory between Philadelphia and Washington. C) surrendered his army and supplies to General George Meade. D) suffered losses so heavy that he could never mount another southern offensive. E) failed to procure the food and fodder he needed. 23) 24) As commander of the Union armies, General Ulysses S. Grant recommended a: A) cautious strategy of outwitting the South by going around Lee's army. B) tactic of hit-and-run maneuvers, offsetting the defensive advantages of southern armies. C) strategy of naval and land blockades, causing economic deprivation and discontent. D) grim campaign of annihilation, using the North's superior might to destroy southern armies and resources. E) policy of evasion and retreat, designed to lessen casualties and wear down the enemy. 24) 25) During the war years, southern: A) planters increasingly relied on cash-crop agriculture. B) blacks eagerly fought on the side of the Confederacy. C) industrialists failed to produce military supplies. D) yeoman farmers suffered an economic decline. E) politicians remained devoted to the concept of states' rights. 25) 4
26) Abraham Lincoln extended presidential powers during the Civil War in all of the following ways EXCEPT the: A) arbitrary veto of congressional legislation. B) suspension of habeas corpus for southern sympathizers. C) issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. D) removal of army generals. E) curtailment of freedom of the press. 26) 27) The Civil War transformed American society as: A) wartime jobs and wages provided substantial increases in real income. B) Americans became more parochial in their interests and concerns. C) women and minorities experienced upward economic mobility through factory work. D) economic dislocations reduced the standard of living for most civilians. E) women were forced to leave the work force to care for homes and families. 27) 28) The Civil War transformed race relations in the South as: A) slaves drew closer to their masters in fear of the unknown. B) slaves rebelled violently against their white masters. C) white violence toward blacks intensified with growing frustration over a losing war effort. D) whites gained greater appreciation of blacks with increased dependence upon them. E) blacks proved increasingly unwilling to play a subservient role. 28) 29) For American women, the Civil War: A) minimized their economic importance. B) led to increased gender equality. C) promoted their domestic role. D) provided opportunities for government service. E) necessitated their military enlistment. 29) 30) In the election of 1864, Democratic candidate George McClellan: A) supported sweeping measures designed to promote banking, western settlement, and industrial expansion. B) recommended an alliance with Native Americans and a direct attack on Richmond. C) called for abolition of slavery and the granting of equal rights to blacks. D) proclaimed the war a failure and demanded an armistice with the South. E) recommended vast expansions of executive power for successful prosecution of the war. 30) 31) All of the following factors contributed to the victory of the North in the Civil War EXCEPT that: A) southern transportation systems proved woefully inadequate. B) the South failed to meet production needs. C) General Grant refused to sustain heavy casualties. D) the North could sustain huge losses of men while the Confederacy could not. E) southern political beliefs undermined united efforts. 31) 32) In contrast to other wars involving American soldiers, the Civil War: A) resulted in fewer deaths due to disease. B) proved most deadly in terms of American lives. C) provided fewer problems of postwar adjustment. D) involved the greatest number of active participants. E) surgeons more effectively dealt with disease. 32) 5
33) During the Civil War, the Republicans passed legislation to: A) provide farmers access to the public domain. B) dismantle the national banking system. C) require state financing of colleges and railroads. D) punish the South and its leaders for secession. E) lower the tariffs on imported manufactured goods. 33) 34) "After Sumter, he swiftly called up the state militias, expanded the navy, and suspended habeas corpus." Habeas corpus refers to the legal procedure to: A) enforce a court order granted a plaintiff. B) compel a person to appear in court. C) obtain relief from errors of fact. D) ensure that all dead prisoners are buried properly. E) release a person from unlawful restraint. 34) 35) "The dogmas of the quiet past are inadequate to the stormy present..." Dogmas are principles: A) upheld by the Supreme Court. B) considered to be absolute truth. C) espoused by the founding fathers. D) dictated by one's religious beliefs. E) based on a belief in republicanism. 35) 36) "Although Lincoln gained the Republican nomination because of his tight control over party machinery and patronage, his party did not unite behind him." Patronage refers to: A) governmental favors. B) ties to the Catholic Church. C) powerful friends. D) political contributions. E) persuasive skills. 36) TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 37) Favorable statistics of population and industrial development invariably decide the outcome of a war. 37) 38) Whereas the Union had to win a war of conquest and occupation, the South merely had to survive until its enemy tired and gave up. 38) 39) Although stopping the Union advance, the Confederate force at the Battle of Bull Run was too disorganized and ill supplied to chase the northern army back toward Washington. 39) 40) More men fell in the Battle of Shiloh Church than in the American Revolution, the War of 1812, and the Mexican War combined. 40) 41) Although desertion was uncommon, the rate of runaway soldiers was much higher in the Confederate than the Union armies. 41) 42) The Civil War greatly stimulated all northern manufacturing through the 1860s, resulting in an overall economic growth rate higher than in the preceding and following decades. 42) 6
43) Lincoln's popularity was at an all-time peak by 1864, insuring his reelection as president. 43) 44) Although the Civil War produced a greater number of total deaths, the death rate during the war was actually lower than the death rate during World War II. 44) 45) Lincoln favored a stringent plan of Reconstruction to impress upon southerners the folly of secession and the damages they had caused by war. 45) SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 46) In Ex parte Merryman, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court ruled that if the public's safety was endangered, only Congress had the right to suspend the writ of habeas corpus. 46) 47) Winfield Scott, the Union commanding general at the beginning of the Civil War, favored a cautious, long-term strategy known as the. 47) 48) The early struggle of the Civil War in the East focused on the capture of, the Confederacy's capital and one of the South's most important railroad, industrial, and munitions centers. 48) 49) Originally a U.S. warship, which sank as the federal navy abandoned the Norfolk Navy Yard, the Confederates raised the and covered it with heavy armor. 49) 50) Immigrant workers in eastern cities and those who lived in the southern parts of the Midwest had little sympathy for abolitionism or blacks, supporting the antiwar stance of the Peace Democrats, the so-called. 50) 51) Unless rebellious states (or parts of states in rebellion) returned to the Union by January 1, 1863, the president would declare their slaves "forever free," according to the. 51) 52) On July 3, 1863, General Robert E. Lee sent about 15,000 men in a gallant but futile assault, known as, against the Union center at the Battle of Gettysburg. 52) 53) Fashionable Washington photographer, realizing that the camera was the "eye of history," asked Lincoln for permission to record the war. 53) 54) On April 9, 1865, Grant accepted Lee's surrender at, ending the Civil War for all practical purposes. 54) 55) Some 31,000 Union soldiers were confined and over 12,000 graves were counted at war's end at the Confederate prison of in Georgia. 55) 56) Only five days after the surrender at Appomattox, a southern sympathizer named assassinated President Lincoln at Ford's Theater. 56) 7