Questions of Periodization The 20 th Century World (1900-Present)
I. Introduction A. Problems in describing the 20 th century: 1. Objectivity 2. End a) Not a new problem B. Two Impulses Affect Study of 20 th Century 1. Emphasize Continuities a) Ex: Nationalism
Partner Discussion Question Where did you see the continuity of Nationalism occur during this time period? What were some other major continuities from the previous eras that you still witnessed during the period from 1900 to the present? Give examples of each.
I. Introduction Nationalism forms Italy and Germany in Previous Era Nationalism Breaks Apart Yugoslavia in This Era
2. Emphasize Changes I. Introduction a) 3 rd Revolution b) Unprecedented Environmental Changes
Partner Discussion Question Give some specific examples of major technological and environmental changes that took place during this new period from 1900 to the present.
I. Introduction Technological Innovations
I. Introduction
C. Key Question I. Introduction 1. Did the 20 th century begin a new era or did it only modify the basic patterns of the previous era? 2. New eras have met 3 criteria: a) Geographic rebalancing b) Increase in contact c) Parallel patterns in civilizations 3. 20 th century met all three of these criteria
Group Discussion During the previous era, the Western nations became dominant over other regions of the world. Has the West continued that same degree of dominance? If so, how? If not, why not? What areas of the world weakened Western dominance?
II. Repositioning of the West A. The West Declines WHY???
II. Repositioning of the West B. Western population percentage decreases rapidly HOW??? 1. Birth Control Practices 2. Rapid population growth 3. Immigration
II. Repositioning of the West C. Decline of Western Empires 1. Colonial Territory 2. No longer the ONLY world power
Colonies in 1945
Partner Discussion What are possible causes of the West s decline? Come up with at least TWO reasons why you think the West s status in the world decreased.
II. Repositioning of the West 3. Why do they lose their dominance? a) Lose technological and weaponry monopoly b) Guerilla warfare tactics c) No longer unchallenged manufacturing leader 1) World economic structure remains similar exploitation of raw materials 2) New competition WHERE??? d) Independence Movements and New Countries 1) New Leaders
Group Discussion It is often said that the world has grown smaller. What do you think is the basis for this common belief? What evidence can you provide to support this assertion?
III. International Contacts A. International 1. Multinational Corporations
III. International Contacts 2. Researchers and scientists shared knowledge
III. International Contacts 3. Diplomatic and cultural contacts
III. International Contacts 4. International Relations a. International Agencies 1) Actually began in last era (Ex. Olympics, Red Cross)
Partner Discussion Compare the era in world history in which you currently live to the era between 1750 and 1900. What political changes have occurred? What social changes have also occurred? Has anything stayed the same in politics or society from 1750-1900 to today?
IV. International Challenges in Politics and Culture A. Most governments change 1. Monarchies replaced 2. New government roles 3. Changes in belief systems a) 1850 Major belief systems b) 1950 Replaced 1) Secular (non-religious) belief systems
IV. International Challenges in Politics and Culture 4. Displacement of rigid social inequalities a) Began in last period (when???) and was continued b) Ideas of inequality attacked a) Communism in Russia and China b) Nationalism in Asia and Africa c) Caste systems and aristocracies end c) Inequality
V. The 20 th Century as a New Period in World History A. Period split into 3 phases 1. 1900-1945 a) Two World Wars and International Depression b) Political upheaval 2. 1945-1980 s a) Decolonization b) New social mobility and gender relations c) Military buildups 1) Cold War ***WHY is it called the Cold War?
V. The 20 th Century as a New Period in World History 3. 1990 sa) Regional conflicts b) Pressure for global changes 1) Information technology 2) Worldwide manufacturing 4. 21 st century a) 2001 start of a new era???