Chapter 11: Mediterranean Society The Roman Phase Overview This chapter traces the growth and development of Rome from its humble beginnings on the banks of the Tiber River through its republican phase and its transformation into a sprawling, cosmopolitan empire encompassing much of Europe and northern Africa. A tight administrative structure and organized trade network promoted the movement of people, goods, and ideas throughout the empire. The Romans had a significant impact on later Mediterranean, European, and southwest Asian cultures. These influences include, but are not limited to, the following: The concept of a republican form of government governed by a constitution and a fixed body of law that guaranteed the rights of citizens Elaborate transportation and communications networks with sophisticated roads, sea lanes linking port cities, and an imperial postal system Economically specialized regions, either in the development of cash crops for export or in localized industries New cities built throughout the empire with unprecedented levels of sanitation, comfort, and entertainment opportunities The Romans also contributed to the widespread dissemination of philosophical beliefs and values, like Stoicism, and religions of salvation, like Christianity. Reading Questions (Vocabulary terms should be highlighted throughout answer) 1. Analyze the extent to which Greek culture influenced Roman culture. 2. Compare the Roman and Persian methods of controlling vast empires. Consider political, social, and economic policies in your answer. (Yes, this means you are reflecting on what you ve already read in Chapter 7) 3. Analyze the various influences on the creation of Christian theology. In what ways did the features of the Roman empire make the development of Christianity possible? 4. Compare Octavian s fate to that of Caesar s. What did Octavian do differently from Caesar? 5. Analyze the political and social continuities and changes after the Roman republic became the Roman empire.
Chapter 11: Mediterranean Society The Roman Phase Directions: As you read the chapter, complete the SPICE chart below. (Vocabulary terms should be highlighted throughout outline AND you should talk about EACH topic listed in the left and right hand margins or your text) AP Themes SOCIAL Family/ kinship Gender roles/relations Social and economic classes Racial/ ethnic factors Entertainment Lifestyles Haves & have nots POLITICAL Leaders/groups Forms of government Empires State building/expansion Political structures Courts/laws Nationalism/nations Revolts/revolutions INTERACTIONS (WITH PEOPLE AND THE ENVINRONMENT) War/conflict Diplomacy/treaties Alliances Exchanges between individuals, groups, & empires/nations Trade/commerce Globalization Location Physical Human/environment Migration/movement Region Demography Neighborhood Urbanization Settlement patterns Disease Cities (2 major ones) CULTURAL Religion Belief systems and teachings Holy books Conversion Key figures Deities Art Music Writing/literature Math Science Architecture Technology Innovations Transportation ECONOMY Agricultural/pastoral Economic systems Labor systems/ organizations Industrialization Technology/industry Capital/money Business organizations
Chapter 10: Mediterranean Society The Roman Phase Directions: As you read the chapter, complete the SPICE chart below. (Vocabulary terms should be highlighted throughout outline AND you should talk about EACH topic listed in the left and right hand margins or your text) AP Themes SOCIAL Family/ kinship Gender roles/relations Social and economic classes Racial/ ethnic factors Entertainment Lifestyles Haves & have nots POLITICAL Leaders/groups Forms of government Empires State building/expansion Political structures Courts/laws Nationalism/nations Revolts/revolutions INTERACTIONS (WITH PEOPLE AND THE ENVINRONMENT) War/conflict Diplomacy/treaties Alliances Exchanges between individuals, groups, & empires/nations Trade/commerce Globalization Location Physical Human/environment Migration/movement Region Demography Neighborhood Urbanization Settlement patterns Disease Cities (2 major ones) CULTURAL Religion Belief systems and teachings Holy books Conversion Key figures Deities Art Music Writing/literature Math Science Architecture Technology Innovations Transportation ECONOMY Agricultural/pastoral Economic systems Labor systems/ organizations Industrialization Technology/industry Capital/money Business organizations
Term Paul of Tarsus Definition/significance Vocabulary List Republic Senate Consuls Patricians Plebeians Tribunes Dictator The Punic Wars Latifundia Julius Caesar Octavian Caesar
Marc Antony Cleopatra Colosseum Pax Romana Mare nostrum Bread and circuses Jesus of Nazareth