European Union and NATO Expansion
Previous Publications Continuity and Change in the Baltic Sea Region: Comparing Foreign Policies (with D. Galbreath and J. Lamoreaux, 2008)
European Union and NATO Expansion Central and Eastern Europe Ainius Lašas palgrave macmillan
European Union and NATO Expansion Copyright Ainius Lašas, 2010 All rights reserved. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2010 978-0-230-10001-5 First published in 2010 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN in the United States a division of St. Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-28617-1 ISBN 978-0-230-10667-3 (ebook) DOI 10.1057/9780230106673 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lašas, Ainius. European Union and NATO Expansion / Ainius Lašas. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-349-28617-1 (alk. paper) 1. Europe Economic integration Political aspects. 2. European Union Europe, Central. 3. European Union Europe, Eastern. 4. North Atlantic Treaty Organization Europe, Central. 5. North Atlantic Treaty Organization Europe, Eastern. I. Title. JN15.L34 2009 341.242'2 dc22 2009034468 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by MPS Limited, A Macmillan Company First edition: April 2010 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Contents List of Tables and Figure Acknowledgments ix List of Abbreviations xi 1 Introduction: Explaining NATO and EU Enlargement 1 2 The Black Trinity and the Cold War 27 3 NATO Enlargement 65 4 EU Enlargement 103 5 Conclusions and Extensions 141 Notes 153 References 185 Index 199 viii
List of Tables and Figure Tables 1.1 Countries affected by the black trinity 11 1.2 Western countries involvement in the black trinity 12 1.3 Competing explanations of Eastern enlargement 17 3.1 Freedom House ratings, 1996 2002 88 4.1 Selected economic data, 1997 133 Figure 1.1 Change in preference order of Western political elites 22
Acknowledgments For financial support in conducting field research in Washington D.C. and Europe, I would like to thank the European Union Center of Excellence at the University of Washington and the Individual Ph.D. Program, my home department for the last five years. A special thank you is extended to the members of my dissertation committee: Christine Ingebritsen, James Caporaso, Daniel Chirot, Steve Hanson, Steve Pfaff, and Guntis Smidchens. Also, I am indebted to Arista Cirtautas, who was always ready to help. I owe an enormous debt of gratitude to Berit Jacobson for editing assistance. For help with translations to English, my appreciation goes to Tru Ambrose, Elsa Raibon, and Eleonora Jonušienė. Finally, I would like to thank staff at Palgrave Macmillan for their help in transforming the manuscript into a book. This book is a revised and expanded version of the author s article published in the Journal of European Public Policy: Ainius Lašas, 2008, Restituting Victims: EU and NATO Enlargements through the Lenses of Collective Guilt, Journal of European Public Policy 15 (1): 98 116.
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List of Abbreviations BHE CEE CEECO CEECs CoE CSCE DoD EC EEC ENP EP EU FRG FSU GDP IR MAP NACC NATO NGO NIS OSCE PfP PHARE TACIS Bloc of Homeland Expellees and Disenfranchised Central and Eastern Europe Central and Eastern European Coalition Central and Eastern European countries Council of Europe Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe Department of Defense European Community European Economic Community European Neighborhood Policy European Parliament European Union Federal Republic of Germany Former Soviet Union Gross Domestic Product International Relations Membership Action Plan North Atlantic Cooperation Council North Atlantic Treaty Organization Non-Governmental Organization Newly Independent States Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Partnership for Peace Pologne et Hongrie: Aide à la Reconstruction Economique (Program of Community Aid to the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe) Technical Aid to the Commonwealth of Independent States